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The term German Empire commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918.
German colonial efforts from 1884 brought only a small overseas empire compared to those of Britain and France, although in the Herero Wars it shared the with those empires the phenomenon of armed conflict between natives and colonials.
The unification of Germany was considered a model for both the successful modernization of Japan and the less successful modernization of China at the beginning of the 20th century.
German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) took place on October 3, 1990, when the areas of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, in English often called "East Germany") were incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or "West Germany").
The West German government under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer favoured closer integration with Western Europe and asked that the reunification be negotiated with the provision that there be internationally monitored elections throughout Germany.
The German "Einigungsvertrag" (Unification Treaty) was signed on August 31, 1990 by representatives of the FRG and GDR.
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