Geronimo
Born	Goyathlay, Goyaałé: "one who yawns" June 16, 1829 Gila River, Mexico
Died	February 17, 1909 (aged 79) Fort Sill, Oklahoma
Occupation	Medicine man
Known for	A famous Apache Warrior

Geronimo (Chiricahua: Goyaałé, "one who yawns"; often spelled Goyathlay or Goyahkla^[1] in English) (June 16, 1829–February 17, 1909) was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who defended his people against the encroachment of the United States on their tribal lands for over 25 years. Computing Geronimo Application Server, J2EE application server project maintained by the Apache Software Foundation. ... Download high resolution version (500x840, 53 KB)Geronimo (Goyathlay) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Gila River (Oodham [Pima]: Hila Akimel) is a tributary of the Colorado River, 630 mile (1,014 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... Medicine man is an English term used to describe Native American religious figures; such individuals are analogous to shamans. ... Chiricahua is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Chiricahua tribe in Oklahoma and New Mexico. ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... For other uses, see Chiricahua (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ...

Biography

Geronimo, U.S. prisoner

Goyaałé (Geronimo) was born to the Bedonkohe band of the Apache, near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in the modern-day state of Arizona, then part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe land. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 370 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (395 × 640 pixel, file size: 34 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Geronimo ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 370 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (395 × 640 pixel, file size: 34 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Geronimo ... For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ... The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Gila River (Oodham [Pima]: Hila Akimel) is a tributary of the Colorado River, 630 mile (1,014 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...

Geronimo's father, Tablishim, and mother, Juana, educated him according to Apache traditions. He married a woman from the Chiricauhua band of Apache; they had three children. On March 5, 1851, a company of 400 soldiers from Sonora led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco attacked Geronimo's camp outside Janos while the men were in town trading. Among those dead were Geronimo's wife, Alope, his children, and mother. His chief, Mangas Coloradas, sent him to Cochise's band for help in revenge against the Mexicans. It was the Mexicans who named him Geronimo. This appellation stemmed from a battle in which he repeatedly attacked Mexican soldiers with a knife, ignoring a deadly hail of bullets, in reference to the Mexicans' plea to Saint Jerome. The name stuck.^[1] This article is about the day. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Mangas Coloradas Mangas Coloradas or Dasoda-hae (Red Sleeves), 1793?-1863 was a famous Apache chief, a member of the Eastern Chiricahuas, whose homeland stretched west from the Rio Grande to include most of what is present-day southwestern New Mexico. ... For other uses, see Cochise (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jerome (disambiguation). ...

The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. To counter the early Apache raids on Spanish settlements, presidios were established at Janos (1685) in Chihuahua and at Fronteras (1690) in northern Opata country. In 1835, Mexico had placed a bounty on Apache scalps. Two years later Mangas Coloradas or Dasoda-hae (Red Sleeves) became principal chief and war leader and began a series of retaliatory raids against the Mexicans. Apache raids on Mexican villages were so numerous and brutal that no area was safe.^[2] Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ... The Spanish people or Spaniards are an ethnic group native to Spain, in southwestern Europe, who are primarily descended from the autochthonous pre-Indo-European Euskaldunak, Latin, Visigothic, Celtic and Moorish peoples. ... THEY SUC |native_name = |nickname = Lady of the Desert |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = Mexico stateflags Chihuahua. ... Fronteras is a municipality and municipal seat in the northeast of the Mexican state of Sonora. ... The Opata (enemies, so called by their neighbors the Pimas) were a tribe of Mexican Indians of Piman stock. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

While Geronimo said he was never a chief, he was a military leader. As a Chiricahua Apache, this meant he was also a spiritual leader. He consistently urged raids and war upon many Mexican and later U.S. groups.

He married Chee-hash-kish and had two children, Chappo and Dohn-say. Then he took another wife, Nana-tha-thtith, with whom he had one child. He later had a wife named Zi-yeh at the same time as another wife, She-gha, one named Shtsha-she and later a wife named Ih-tedda. Some of his wives were captured, such as the young Ih-tedda. Wives came and went, overlapping each other, being captured and added to the family, lost, or even given up, as Geronimo did with Ih-tedda when he and his band surrendered. At that time he kept his wife She-gha but abandoned the younger wife, Ih-tedda. Geronimo’s last wife was Azul.

Ta-ayz-slath, wife of Geronimo, & child

Though outnumbered, Geronimo fought against both Mexican and United States troops and became famous for his daring exploits and numerous escapes from capture from 1858 to 1886. One such escape, as legend has it, took place in the Robledo Mountains of southwest New Mexico. The legend states Geronimo and his followers entered a Cave, and the U.S. Soldiers waited outside the cave entrance for him, but he never came out. Later it was heard that Geronimo was spotted in a nearby area. The second entrance to the cave has yet to be found and the cave is still called Geronimos Cave. At the end of his military career, he led a small band of 38 men, women, and children. They evaded 5,000 U.S. troops (one fourth of the army at the time) and many units of the Mexican army for a year. His band was one of the last major forces of independent Indian warriors who refused to acknowledge the United States Government in the American West. This came to an end on September 4, 1886, when Geronimo surrendered to United States Army General Nelson A. Miles at Skeleton Canyon, Arizona. Download high resolution version (382x640, 31 KB)Ta-ayz-slath, wife of Geronimo, & child. ... Download high resolution version (382x640, 31 KB)Ta-ayz-slath, wife of Geronimo, & child. ... The Western United States, also referred to as the American West or simply The West, traditionally refers to the region constituting the westernmost states of the United States (see geographical terminology section for further discussion of these terms). ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nelson Appleton Miles (August 8, 1839 – May 15, 1925) was an American soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War. ... Skeleton Canyon is located 30 miles northeast of the town of Douglas, Arizona. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ...

Geronimo and other warriors were sent as prisoners to Fort Pickens, Florida, and his family was sent to Fort Marion. They were reunited in May 1887, when they were transferred to Mount Vernon Barracks in Alabama for five years. In 1894, they were moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma. In his old age, Geronimo became a celebrity. He appeared at fairs, including the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, and sold souvenirs and photographs of himself. However, he was not allowed to return to the land of his birth. He rode in President Theodore Roosevelt's 1905 inaugural parade. He died of pneumonia at Fort Sill,Oklahoma in 1909 and was buried at the Apache Indian Prisoner of War Cemetery there. Sketch of Fort Pickens, Florida, by Lt. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... The Castillo de San Marcos is a Spanish built fort located in the city of St. ... The Mount Vernon Arsenal was a United States Army munitions depot. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... Entrance to Creation Exhibit on the Pike Map of the St. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ... This article is about human pneumonia. ...

In 1905, Geronimo agreed to tell his story to S.M. Barrett, Superintendent of Education in Lawton, Oklahoma. Barrett had to appeal to President Roosevelt to gain permission to publish the book. Geronimo came to each interview knowing exactly what he wanted to say. He refused to answer questions or alter his narrative. Barrett did not seem to take many liberties with Geronimo's story as translated by Asa Daklugie. Frederick Turner re-edited this autobiography by removing some of Barrett's footnotes and writing an introduction for the non-Apache readers. Turner notes the book is in the style of an Apache reciting part of his oral history.^[3] Lawton is a city in Comanche County, Oklahoma, United States. ...

Religion

Geronimo (right) and his warriors in 1886

Geronimo was raised with the traditional religious views of the Bedonkohe. When questioned about his views on life after death, he wrote in his 1903 autobiography, "As to the future state, the teachings of our tribe were not specific, that is, we had no definite idea of our relations and surroundings in after life. We believed that there is a life after this one, but no one ever told me as to what part of man lived after death...We held that the discharge of one's duty would make his future life more pleasant, but whether that future life was worse than this life or better, we did not know, and no one was able to tell us. We hoped that in the future life family and tribal relations would be resumed. In a way we believed this, but we did not know it." ^[4] Image File history File links Apache_chieff_Geronimo_(right)_and_his_warriors_in_1886. ... Image File history File links Apache_chieff_Geronimo_(right)_and_his_warriors_in_1886. ...

Later in life, Geronimo embraced Christianity, and stated, "Since my life as a prisoner has begun I have heard the teachings of the white man's religion, and in many respects believe it to be better than the religion of my fathers...Believing that in a wise way it is good to go to church, and that associating with Christians would improve my character, I have adopted the Christian religion. I believe that the church has helped me much during the short time I have been a member. I am not ashamed to be a Christian, and I am glad to know that the President of the United States is a Christian, for without the help of the Almighty I do not think he could rightly judge in ruling so many people. I have advised all of my people who are not Christians, to study that religion, because it seems to me the best religion in enabling one to live right." ^[5]He joined the Dutch Reformed Church in 1903 but later was expelled for gambling.^[6] Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is...

Theft of remains

Portrait of Geronimo by Edward S. Curtis, 1905.

In 1918, certain remains of Geronimo were stolen in a grave robbery. Three members of the Yale secret society of Skull and Bones served as Army volunteers at Fort Sill during World War I; one of those three members was Prescott Bush, father of the forty-first President of the United States George H. W. Bush and grandfather of George W. Bush. They reportedly stole Geronimo's skull, some bones, and other items, including Geronimo's prized silver bridle, from the Apache Indian Prisoner of War Cemetery. The stolen items were alleged to have been taken to the society's tomb-like headquarters on the Yale University campus, and are supposedly used in rituals practiced by the group, one of which is said to be kissing the skull of Geronimo as an initiation. The story was known for many years but widely considered unlikely or apocryphal, and while the society itself remained silent, former members have said that they believed the bones were fake or non-human, possibly in an attempt at misdirection. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (710x1024, 138 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Geronimo Edward S. Curtis ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (710x1024, 138 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Geronimo Edward S. Curtis ... Grave robbing or grave robbery is the act of uncovering a tomb or crypt to steal the artifacts inside or disinterring a corpse to steal the body itself or its personal effects. ... Yale redirects here. ... For the Europe album, see Secret Society (Europe album). ... For the pirate flag, see Jolly Roger. ... Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Prescott Sheldon Bush (May 15, 1895 – October 8, 1972) was a United States Senator from Connecticut and a Wall Street executive banker with Brown Brothers Harriman. ... George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the forty-third and current President of the United States of America, originally inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... A bridle is a piece of equipment used to control a horse. ...

Geronimo's grave at Fort Sill, Oklahoma in 2005.

In a contemporary letter discovered by the Yale historian Marc Wortman and published in the Yale Alumni Magazine in 2006, society member Winter Mead wrote to F. Trubee Davison: Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1196x793, 478 KB) Photo I took of Geronimos grave taken at Fort Sill in 2005. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1196x793, 478 KB) Photo I took of Geronimos grave taken at Fort Sill in 2005. ... Fort Sill is a United States Army post near Lawton, Oklahoma; about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... The Yale Alumni Magazine is an alumni magazine about Yale University. ... F. Trubee Davison (1896-?) was the Director of Personel for the Central Intelligence Agency. ...

The skull of the worthy Geronimo the Terrible, exhumed from its tomb at Fort Sill by your club... is now safe inside the tomb ("tomb" is the building at Yale University's Skull and Bones) and bone together with his well worn femurs, bit and saddle horn.^[7]

This prompted the Indian chief's great-grandson, Harlyn Geronimo of Mescalero, New Mexico, to write to President Bush requesting his help in returning the remains: For the pirate flag, see Jolly Roger. ... This article is about an American city, for other uses of the word see Mescalero (disambiguation) Mescalero is a census-designated place located in Otero County, New Mexico. ...

According to our traditions the remains of this sort, especially in this state when the grave was desecrated ... need to be reburied with the proper rituals ... to return the dignity and let his spirits rest in peace.^[8]

Popular culture

Comic book Geronimo and his Apache Murderers

Cover of the comic Geronimo and his Apache Murders, deemed fair use This image is a book cover. ... Cover of the comic Geronimo and his Apache Murders, deemed fair use This image is a book cover. ...

Movies & television

Geronimo is a popular figure in cinema and television. Characters based on Geronimo have appeared in many films, including:

• Geronimo's Last Raid (1912)
• Hawk of the Wilderness (1938)
• Geronimo (1939)
• Stagecoach (1939)
• Valley of the Sun (1942)
• Fort Apache (1948)
• Broken Arrow (1950)
• I Killed Geronimo (1950)
• Outpost (1951)
• Son of Geronimo (1952)
• The Battle at Apache Pass (1952)
• Indian Uprising (1952)
• Apache (1954)
• Taza, Son of Cochise (1954)
• Walk the Proud Land (1956)
• Geronimo (1962)
• Geronimo und die Räuber (West German, 1966)
• I Due superpiedi quasi piatti (1976)
• Mr. Horn (1979)
• Geronimo: A Thought-Provoking Look Into the Gang Lifestyle (Starring Paul Jeans) (1990)
• Gunsmoke: The Last Apache (1990)
• Geronimo (Starring Joseph Runningfox) (1993)
• Geronimo: An American Legend (1993)
• Hot Shots! Part Deux (1993)
• Geronimo (1993)
• War of the Buttons (1994)

The movie Geronimos Last Raid is widely considered one the greatest movies of the pre-World War I era. ... Hawk of the Wilderness (1938) is a Republic Movie serial based on the Kioga novel by William L Chester. ... Stagecoach is a 1939 western film, starring Claire Trevor and John Wayne in his breakthrough role. ... Phoenix metropolitan area, also known as the Valley of the Sun, is a metropolitan area that includes Phoenix, Arizona. ... Fort Apache is a 1948 western film starring John Wayne and Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford. ... Broken Arrow was the name of a western released in 1950. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Outpost may mean: a trading post is a place for trading goods, typically in a remote wilderness area Outpost (computer game) outpost (chess) Outpost. ... Son of Geronimo is a 1952 Columbia Pictures film serial directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet and starring Clayton Moore and Rodd Redwing. ... Apache is a 1954 western film starring Burt Lancaster. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... Mr. ... Hot Shots! Part Deux is a 1993 comedy spoof film, and a sequel to the 1991 comedy Hot Shots! Directed again by Jim Abrahams, the film again stars Charlie Sheen, Lloyd Bridges, Valeria Golino, Richard Crenna, Brenda Bakke, Miguel Ferrer, Ryan Stiles, Rowan Atkinson, and Jerry Haleva. ... War of the Buttons is a 1994 film directed by John Roberts, about two rival kid gangs in Ireland, the Ballys (poor), and the Carricks (rich). ...

Fiction

• As an ally of the Confederate States of America during the Second War between the States in the alternate timeline novel "How Few Remain" by Harry Turtledove.

Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Government... Alternate timeline, or AT, is a phrase used when discussing alternate history, a literary offshoot of the science-fiction genre. ... How Few Remain is a 1997 alternate history novel by Harry Turtledove. ... Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American historian and prolific novelist who has written historical fiction, fantasy, and science fiction works. ...

Name used

• In Elton John's song "Indian Sunset" from his album Madman Across the Water, Geronimo's name is mentioned and that he died while "laying down his weapons when they filled him full of lead".
• In 1943, a U.S. Liberty ship named the SS Geronimo was launched. It was scrapped in 1960.
• Three towns in the U.S., one in Arizona, one in Oklahoma, another in Texas, are named for him.
• The 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment's motto and slogan was named after him. In 1940, the night before their first mass jump, U.S. paratroopers at Fort Benning watched the film Geronimo, in which the actor playing Geronimo yells his name as he leaps from a high cliff into a river, depicting a real-life escape Geronimo successfully attempted in which with his Cadillac horse, he jumped off Medicine Bluff at Fort Sill, Oklahoma into the Medicine Creek. Private Aubrey Eberhardt announced he would shout the name when he jumped from the airplane to prove he was not scared. The trend has since caught on elsewhere. This unit was the first parachute battalion of the U.S. Army.^[9][10]
• Mars Lasar's album, The Eleventh Hour, features a song titled Geronimo. The song is performed with a Native American style and gives a brief history of Geronimo's life.
• The Apache Software Foundation named a Web Application Server after him.
• Geronimo is starring in a book called "The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck (vol. 2)" written by Don Rosa.
• In "Good Omens" by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman, madame Tracy calls her fake spiritual guide "Geronimo", thinking that old Indian names are good for her business.
• In the song "Flickering Flame", Roger Waters uses the words "Like Geronimo, like Quinn the Eskimo, like the Blackfoot and like the Arapaho... Like Crazy Horse, I'll be the last one to lay down my gun..."
• Singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphy's 1972 song and album, titled, 'Geronimo's Cadillac'.

Sir Elton Hercules[1] John CBE[2] (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947) is a five-time Grammy and one-time Academy Award-winning English pop/rock singer, composer and pianist. ... Indian Sunset is a 1971 song, written & recorded by Elton John with lyrics by his long-time songwriting partner, Bernie Taupin. ... Madman Across the Water is the fifth album by British singer/songwriter Elton John, released in 1971. ... The Liberty ships were cargo ships built in the United States during World War II. They were cheap and quick to build, and came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output. ... The SS Geronimo (Hull Number 1122) was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War 2. ... Soldiers of the 1st Battalion, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, parachute from a C-130 over Donnelly Drop Zone, located on Ft. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mars Lasar is an Australian-born keyboardist and composer. ... Apache Software Foundation Logo The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is a non-profit corporation (classified as 501(c)(3) in the United States) to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. ... The Geronimo project is an open source application server developed by the Apache Software Foundation and distributed under the Apache license. ... Keno Don Hugo Rosa (often just called Don Rosa) (born June 29, 1951) is a comic book writer and illustrator best known for his stories about Scrooge McDuck, Donald Duck and other Disney characters. ... Good Omens: The Nice and Accurate Prophecies of Agnes Nutter, Witch (1990) is a fantasy novel written in collaboration between Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman. ... Terence David John Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is a British fantasy and science fiction author, best known for his Discworld series. ... Neil Richard Gaiman (IPA: ) (born November 10, 1960[2]) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, graphic novels, comics, and films. ... George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English rock musician; singer, bassist, guitarist, songwriter, and composer. ...

References

The National Geographic Magazine, later shortened to National Geographic, is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... YALE (Yet Another Learning Environment) is an environment for machine learning experiments and data mining. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see The Independent (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cecil Adams is a name, generally assumed to be a pseudonym, which designates the unknown author or authors of The Straight Dope, a popular question and answer column published in The Chicago Reader since 1973. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cecil Adams is the pen name of the author of The Straight Dope since 1973, a popular question and answer column published in The Chicago Reader, syndicated in thirty newspapers in the United States and Canada, and available online. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Carter, Forrest. "Watch for Me on the Mountain". Delta. 1990. (Originally entitled "Cry Geronimo".)
• Opler, Morris E.; & French, David H. (1941). Myths and tales of the Chiricahua Apache Indians. Memoirs of the American folk-lore society, (Vol. 37). New York: American Folk-lore Society. (Reprinted in 1969 by New York: Kraus Reprint Co.; in 1970 by New York; in 1976 by Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint Co.; & in 1994 under M. E. Opler, Morris by Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8602-3).
• Pinnow, Jürgen. (1988). Die Sprache der Chiricahua-Apachen: Mit Seitenblicken auf das Mescalero [The language of the Chiricahua Apache: With side glances at the Mescalero]. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
• Davis, Britton "The Truth about Geronimo" New Haven: Yale Press 1929
• Bigelow, John Lt "On the Bloody Trail of Geronimo" New York: Tower Books 1958
• Geronimo (edited by Barrett) "Geronimo, His Own Story" New York: Ballantine Books 1971
• Lopez, Lorenzo White-Bear; Bedonkohe Apache and G-G-Grand-Nephew of Geronimo. Personal interview. 18 Dec. 2006. (CAN NOT BE VERFIED, no valid documentation supporting claim)
• Debo, Angie. Geronimo: The Man, His Time, His Place. University of Oklahoma Press : Norman, 1976

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Geronimo

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Geronimo

• E. A. Burbank website - Select 1944 tab, then Burbank Among the Indians
• Geronimo : His own story
• Geronimo's Story of His Life - page images of the 1906 first edition in Google Book Search
• Geronimo's Story of His Life - HTML and PDF ebooks of the 1906 first edition, including all 25 of the original full page illustrations and some text corrections based on the 1907 edition
• Geronimo at Indians.org
• New York Times obituary
• Photograph of Geronimo hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• Geronimo Surrender Monument at Apache, Arizona.