Gerry Mulligan
Gerry Mulligan
Background information
Birth name	Gerald Joseph Mulligan
Born	April 6, 1927(1927-04-06)
Origin	Queens Village, Queens, New York, USA
Died	January 20, 1996 (aged 68)
Genre(s)	Jazz Cool jazz
Occupation(s)	Saxophonist
Instrument(s)	Baritone saxophone
Associated acts	Gil Evans, Miles Davis, Chet Baker, Lee Konitz, Paul Desmond, Billy Taylor, Ben Webster, Stan Getz, Dave Brubeck, Bob Brookmeyer

Gerald Joseph "Gerry" Mulligan (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger.^[1] is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Queens Village is a middle-income neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. ... Queens is geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States, and the most ethnically diverse county in the U.S. It is coterminous with Queens County in the State of New York and is located on western Long Island. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... CD reissue of Daviss 1957 LP Birth of the Cool, collecting much of his 1949 to 1950 work. ... A saxophonist is a musician who plays the saxophone. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... The baritone saxophone, often called bari sax (to avoid confusion with the baritone horn, which is often referred to simply as baritone), is one of the larger and lower pitched members of the saxophone family. ... Gil Evans (13 May 1912 in Toronto Canada – 20 March 1988 in Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a jazz pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader, active in the United States. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Chesney Henry Chet Baker Jr. ... Lee Konitz (born 1927 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American jazz composer and saxophone player. ... Paul Desmond (25 November 1924 - 30 May 1977), born Paul Emil Breitenfeld, was a jazz alto saxophonist and composer born in San Francisco, perhaps best known for penning Take Five as a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet. ... For other uses, see Billy Taylor (disambiguation). ... Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909–September 20, 1973) was an influential American jazz tenor saxophonist. ... Stanley Getz (February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California), usually known by his stage name Stan Getz, was an American jazz musician. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ... Robert Brookmeyer (born December 19, 1929) is an American jazz valve trombonist, pianist, and arranger. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... In music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch, such as a lead sheet. ...

Though Mulligan is primarily known as one of the leading baritone saxophonists in jazz history - playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of cool jazz - he was also a notable arranger, working with Claude Thornhill, Miles Davis, Stan Kenton, and others. Mulligan's pianoless quartet of the early 1950s with trumpeter Chet Baker is still regarded as one of the more important cool jazz groups. The baritone saxophone, often called bari sax (to avoid confusion with the baritone horn, which is often referred to simply as baritone), is one of the larger and lower pitched members of the saxophone family. ... CD reissue of Daviss 1957 LP Birth of the Cool, collecting much of his 1949 to 1950 work. ... Claude Thornhill (*August 10, 1909 at Terre Haute, Indiana † July 1, 1965, New York City) was an American pianist, arranger and bandleader. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Stanley Newcomb Kenton (December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979) led a highly innovative, influential, and often controversial American jazz orchestra. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... Chesney Henry Chet Baker Jr. ... CD reissue of Daviss 1957 LP Birth of the Cool, collecting much of his 1949 to 1950 work. ...

Biography

Early life and career

Mulligan was born in Queens Village, Queens, New York, the son of George and Louise Mulligan. George Mulligan was a Wilmington, Delaware native of Irish descent. Louise Mulligan was a Philadelphia native of half Irish and half German descent. Gerry was the last of four sons: George, Phil, Don and Gerry. Queens Village is a middle-income neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. ... Queens is geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States, and the most ethnically diverse county in the U.S. It is coterminous with Queens County in the State of New York and is located on western Long Island. ... : Chemical Capital of the World , Corporate Capital of the World , Credit Card Capital of the World : A Place to Be Somebody United States Delaware New Castle 17. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ...

George Mulligan's career as an engineer necessitated frequent moves through numerous cities. When Gerry Mulligan was less than a year old, the family moved to Marion, Ohio, where his father accepted a job with the Marion Power Shovel Company. Marion is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Marion County[4]. The city is located in northern Ohio, approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Columbus. ...

With the demands of a large home and four young boys to raise, Mulligan's mother hired an African-American nanny named Lily Rose, who became especially fond of the youngest Mulligan. As he became older, Mulligan began spending time at Rose's house and was especially amused by Rose's player piano, which Mulligan later recalled as having rolls by numerous players, including Fats Waller. Black musicians sometimes came through town, and because many motels wouldn't take them, they often had to stay at homes within the black community. The young Mulligan occasionally bumped into such musicians staying at Rose's home. A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in their -- the childs -- home. ... The player piano is a type of piano that plays music without the need for a human pianist to depress the normal keys or pedals. ... Fats Waller (born Thomas Wright Waller on May 21, 1904, died December 15, 1943) was an American jazz pianist, organist, composer and comedic entertainer. ... “Instrumentalist” redirects here. ...

The family's moves continued with stops in southern New Jersey (where Mulligan lived with his maternal grandmother), Chicago, Illinois and Kalamazoo, Michigan, where Mulligan lived for three years and attended Catholic school. When the school moved into a new building and established music courses, Mulligan decided to play clarinet in the school's nascent orchestra. Mulligan made his initial youthful attempt at arranging with the Richard Rodgers song "Lover", but the arrangement was seized prior to its first reading by an overzealous nun who was taken aback by the title on the arrangement. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Kalamazoo redirects here. ... Catholic schools are education ministries of the Roman Catholic Church. ... For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... Two soprano clarinets: a Bâ™­ clarinet (left, with capped mouthpiece) and an A clarinet (right, with no mouthpiece). ... For other uses, see Orchestra (disambiguation). ... This article is about the American composer. ... For other uses, see Nun (disambiguation). ... In popular music an arrangement is a setting of a piece of music, which may have been composed by the arranger or by someone else. ...

When Gerry Mulligan was 14, his family moved to Detroit and then to Reading, Pennsylvania (an hour and a half north of Philadelphia). While in Reading, Mulligan began studying clarinet with Sammy Correnti, who also encouraged Mulligan's interest in arranging. Mulligan also began playing saxophone professionally in Philadelphia dance bands. Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor... Berks County’s location in Pennsylvania Reading’s location in Berks County Country State County Berks Founded 1748 Government  - Mayor Thomas McMahon Area  - City 10. ... The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored musical instrument usually considered a member of the woodwind family. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ...

The Mulligan family next moved to Philadelphia, where Gerry attended the West Philadelphia Catholic High School for Boys and organized a school big band, for which he also wrote arrangements. When Mulligan was sixteen, he approached Johnny Warrington at local radio station WCAU about writing arrangements for the station's house band. Warrington was impressed by Mulligan's spunk and talent and began buying Mulligan's arrangements. A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s, although there are many big-bands around nowadays. ... A radio station is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves (a form of electromagnetic radiation) from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. ... WCAU, channel 10, is the NBC owned-and-operated television station serving the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania market, with studios on the border between Philadelphia and Bala Cynwyd, and transmitter in the Roxborough neighborhood. ...

Mulligan dropped out of high school during his senior year to pursue work with a touring band. Mulligan contacted band leader Tommy Tucker when Tucker was visiting Philadelphia's Earle Theatre. While Tucker did not need an additional reedman, he was looking for an arranger and Mulligan was hired at $100 a week to do two or three arrangements a week (including all copying). At the conclusion of Mulligan's three-month contract, Tucker told Mulligan that he should move on to another band that was a little less "tame". Mulligan went back to Philadelphia and began writing for Elliott Lawrence, a pianist and composer who had taken over for Warrington as the band leader at WCAU. For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ... Tommy Tucker (born Robert Higginbotham, (March 5, 1933 - January 22, 1982) was an American blues singer and pianist. ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ...

Mulligan moved to New York City in January 1946 and joined the arranging staff on Gene Krupa's bop-tinged band. Notable arrangements of Mulligan's work with Krupa include "Birdhouse", "Disc Jockey Jump" and an arrangement of "How High the Moon" that quoted Charlie Parker's "Ornithology" as a countermelody. New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was a famous and influential American jazz and big band drummer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style. ... BOP or bop may refer to: bleeding on probing (used by Captain Jack) balance of payments an organised party or club night at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford Bebop, an early modern jazz developed in the 1940s Blowout preventer used in oil and gas drilling acronym for bird of... For other persons of the same name, see Charles Parker. ... Ornithology is a jazz composition by alto saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Benny Harris. ... In music, counter-melody (often one word, countermelody) is a sequence of notes, perceived as a melody, written to be played simultaneously with a more prominent melody. ...

Mulligan next began arranging for the Claude Thornhill Orchestra, occasionally sitting in as a member of the reed section. Thornhill's arranging staff included Gil Evans, whom Mulligan had met while working with the Krupa band. Mulligan eventually began living with Evans, at the time that Evans' apartment on West 55th Street became a regular hangout for a number of jazz musicians working on creating a new jazz idiom. He was also a skilled pianist and played several other reed instruments. Claude Thornhill (*August 10, 1909 at Terre Haute, Indiana † July 1, 1965, New York City) was an American pianist, arranger and bandleader. ... Reed instruments are musical instruments; they are members of the woodwind family. ... Gil Evans (13 May 1912 in Toronto Canada – 20 March 1988 in Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a jazz pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader, active in the United States. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... A pianist is a person who plays the piano. ...

Birth of the Cool

In September 1948, trumpeter Miles Davis formed a nine-piece band that featured arrangements by Mulligan, Evans and John Lewis. The band initially consisted of Davis on trumpet, Mulligan on baritone saxophone, trombonist Mike Zwerin, alto saxophonist Lee Konitz, Junior Collins on French horn, tubist Bill Barber, pianist John Lewis, bassist Al McKibbon and drummer Max Roach. Trumpeter redirects here. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... John Aaron Lewis (3 May 1920 – 29 March 2001) was an American jazz pianist and composer best known as the musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet. ... The baritone saxophone, often called bari sax (to avoid confusion with the baritone horn, which is often referred to simply as baritone), is one of the larger and lower pitched members of the saxophone family. ... The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family. ... Mike Zwerin (born May 18, 1930) is an American cool jazz trombonist, bass trumpeter and author born in New York, probably better known for his work with Miles Davis in 1948 as part of his Birth of the Cool band. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Lee Konitz (born 1927 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American jazz composer and saxophone player. ... The horn is a brass instrument consisting of tubing wrapped into a coiled form. ... For other uses, see Tuba (disambiguation). ... William Charles Bill Barber (born July 11, 1952 in Callander, Ontario) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ... Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was a bebop/hard bop percussionist, drummer, and composer. ...

The band only played a handful of live performances (a two week engagement at the Royal Roost jazz club and two nights at the Clique Club). However, over the next couple of years, Davis reformed the nonet on three occasions to record twelve pieces for release as singles. These were eventually compiled on a Capitol Records album, titled Birth of the Cool. Mulligan wrote and arranged three of the tunes recorded ("Rocker," "Venus de Milo," and "Jeru," the latter named after himself), and arranged a further three ("Deception," "Godchild," and "Darn That Dream"). Roost Records (also known as Royal Roost Records) was a record label established in 1949, primarily to record jazz, taking its secondary name from the New York club with which it was associated. ... Capitol Records is a major United States-based record label owned by EMI and located in Hollywood, California. ... Birth of the Cool is an album which collects the twelve sides recorded by the Miles Davis nonet (featuring Gerry Mulligan, Lee Konitz and others) for Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950. ...

He was also (with Davis, Konitz and Barber) one of only four musicians who played on all the recordings. Despite the chilly reception by audiences of 1949, the Davis nonet has been judged by history as one of the most influential groups in jazz history, creating a sound that, despite its East Coast origins, became known as West Coast Jazz. Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... East Coast can refer to: East Coast of the United States East Coast hip hop East Coast Park East-coast liberal East Coast Railway East Coast Akalat East Coast bias East Coast Music Awards East Coast Bays East Coast Main Line East Coast Greenway East Coast Parkway East Coast Swing... West coast jazz is a form of jazz music that developed around Los Angeles at about the same time as hard bop jazz was developing in New York City, in the 1950s and 1960s. ...

During his period of occasional work with the Davis nonet between 1949 and 1951, Mulligan also regularly performed with and arranged for trombonist Kai Winding. Mulligan's composition, "Elevation" and his arrangement of "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" were recorded by Mulligan's old boss, Elliott Lawrence. This brought Mulligan additional recognition. Mulligan also arranged for and recorded with bands led by Georgie Auld and Chubby Jackson. In September, 1951, Mulligan recorded the first album under his own name, Mulligan Plays Mulligan. By this point, Mulligan had mastered a melodic and linear playing style, inspired by Lester Young, that he would retain for the rest of his career. Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kai Chresten Winding (May 18, 1922-May 6, 1983) was a popular trombonist and jazz composer. ... Georgie Auld (born May 19, 1919 in Toronto; died January 8, 1990 in Palm Springs, California) was a jazz tenor saxophonist, clarinetist and bandleader. ... Greig Stewart Chubby Jackson (October 25, 1918 - October 1, 2003) was an American jazz bassist and band leader. ... Lester Young Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909 – March 15, 1959), nicknamed Prez, was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and clarinetist. ...

In spring of 1952, Mulligan became more desperate for remunerative employment and headed west to Los Angeles with his girlfriend, pianist Gail Madden. Through an acquaintance with arranger Bob Graettinger, Mulligan got work writing arrangements for Stan Kenton's Orchestra. While most of Mulligan's work for Kenton were pedestrian arrangements that Kenton needed to fill out money-making dance performances, Mulligan was able to throw in some more substantial original works along the way. His compositions "Walking Shoes" and "Young Blood" stand out as embodiments of the contrapuntal style that became Mulligan's signature. His sound or tone (timbre) was likened to a tweed cloth^{[citation needed]}. Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about work. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Stanley Newcomb Kenton (December 15, 1911 – August 25, 1979) led a highly innovative, influential, and often controversial American jazz orchestra. ... Counterpoint is a very general feature of music (especially prominent in much Western music) whereby two or more melodic strands occur simultaneously - in separate voices, either literally or metaphorically (if the music is instrumental). ...

The Pianoless Quartet, with Chet Baker

While arranging for Kenton, Mulligan began performing on off-nights at The Haig, a small jazz club on Wilshire Boulevard at Kenmore Street. During the Monday night jam sessions, a young trumpeter named Chet Baker began sitting in with Mulligan. Mulligan and Baker began recording together, although they were unsatisfied with the results. Around that time, vibraphonist Red Norvo's trio began headlining at The Haig, thus leaving no need to keep the grand piano that had been brought in for Erroll Garner's stay at the club. Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile District, looking east toward Downtown Los Angeles Wilshire Boulevard in Westwood, looking east toward the Millionaires Mile Wilshire Boulevard is one of the principal east-west arterial roads in Los Angeles, California. ... Chesney Henry Chet Baker Jr. ... Red Norvo (31 March 1908- 6 April 1999) was one of jazzs early vibraphonists. ... Erroll Louis Garner (June 15, 1921 – January 2, 1977) was an American jazz pianist and composer whose distinctive and melodic style brought him both popular acclaim and the admiration of peers. ...

Faced with a dilemma of what to do for a rhythm section, Mulligan decided to build on earlier experiments and perform as a pianoless quartet with Baker on trumpet, Bob Whitlock on bass and Chico Hamilton on drums (later Mulligan himself would occasionally double on piano). Baker's melodic style fit well with Mulligan's, leading them to create improvised contrapuntal textures free from the rigid confines of a piano-enforced chordal structure. While novel at the time in sound and style, this ethos of contrapuntal group improvisation hearkened back to the formative days of jazz. Despite their very different backgrounds, Mulligan a classically-trained New Yorker and Baker from the South and a much more instinctive player, they had an almost psychic rapport and Mulligan later remarked that, "I had never experienced anything like that before and not really since." Their dates at the Haig became sell-outs and the recordings they made in the fall of 1952 became major sellers that led to significant acclaim for Mulligan and Baker. Bob Whitlock (born July 16, 1949 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 244 games in the World Hockey Association and one game in the National Hockey League. ... Foreststorn Hamilton, better known as Chico Hamilton (born September 21, 1921 in Los Angeles) is a jazz drummer. ...

Unfortunately, this fortuitous collaboration came to an abrupt end with Mulligan's arrest on narcotics charges in the summer of 1953 that led to six months at Sheriff's Honor Farm. Both Mulligan and Baker had followed the tragic example of their peers and became heroin addicts. However, while Mulligan was in prison, Baker transformed his lyrical trumpet style, gentle tenor voice and matinee-idol looks into independent stardom. Thus when upon his release Mulligan attempted to rehire Baker, the trumpeter declined the offer for financial reasons. They did briefly reunite at the 1955 Newport Jazz Festival and would occasionally get together for performances and recordings up through a 1974 performance at Carnegie Hall. But in later years their relationship became strained as Mulligan, with considerable effort, would manage to kick his habit, while Baker's addiction would bedevil him professionally and personally almost constantly until his untimely death in 1988.^[2] For other uses, see Heroin (disambiguation). ... The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every August in Newport, Rhode Island. ... Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ...

Middle career

Mulligan continued the "pianoless" quartet format with valve trombonist Bob Brookmeyer, although Mulligan and Brookmeyer both occasionally played piano. This quartet structure remained the core of Mulligan's groups throughout the rest of the 1950s with sporadic personnel changes and expansions of the group with trumpeters Jon Eardley and Art Farmer, saxophonists Zoot Sims, Al Cohn and Lee Konitz, and vocalist Annie Ross. In 1957, Mulligan and his wife, Arlyne Brown Mulligan (daughter of composer Lew Brown), had a son, Reed Brown Mulligan. Robert Brookmeyer (born December 19, 1929) is an American jazz valve trombonist, pianist, and arranger. ... Arthur Stewart (Art) Farmer (August 21, 1928 – October 4, 1999), was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player. ... John Haley Zoot Sims was an American jazz musician. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Lee Konitz (born 1927 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American jazz composer and saxophone player. ... Annie Ross on the cover of the 1958 jazz album Sings a Song with Mulligan. ... Lew Brown (December 10, 1893 - February 5, 1958) was a lyricist for popular songs in the United States. ...

Mulligan also performed as a soloist or sideman (often in festival settings) with a veritable Who's Who of late 50s jazz artist: Paul Desmond, Duke Ellington, Ben Webster, Johnny Hodges, Jimmy Witherspoon, Andre Previn, Billie Holiday, Marian McPartland, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Stan Getz, Thelonious Monk, Fletcher Henderson, Manny Albam, Quincy Jones, Kai Winding, Miles Davis, and Dave Brubeck. Mulligan appears in Art Kane's famous A Great Day in Harlem portrait of 57 major jazz musicians taken in August of 1958. Paul Desmond (25 November 1924 - 30 May 1977), born Paul Emil Breitenfeld, was a jazz alto saxophonist and composer born in San Francisco, perhaps best known for penning Take Five as a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet. ... This article is about the American Jazz composer and performer. ... Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909–September 20, 1973) was an influential American jazz tenor saxophonist. ... Johnny Hodges in concert, Feb. ... Jimmy Witherspoon (August 8, 1920-September 18, 1997) was an American blues singer. ... Andr Previn (born April 6, 1929) is a prominent pianist, orchestral conductor, and composer. ... Billie Holiday (born Eleanora Fagan; April 7, 1915 – July 17, 1959) was an American jazz singer and songwriter. ... Marian McPartland, born Margaret Marian Turner on March 21, 1918 in England near Slough, Buckinghamshire, is a British jazz pianist. ... Louis[1] Armstrong[2] (4 August 1901[3] – July 6, 1971), nicknamed Satchmo[4] and Pops, was an American jazz musician. ... William Count Basie (August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. ... Stanley Getz (February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California), usually known by his stage name Stan Getz, was an American jazz musician. ... Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was a jazz pianist and composer. ... Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr. ... Manny Albam (born June 24, 1922 in Samana, Dominican Republic; died October 2, 2001 in New York) was a jazz arranger, in his early career he also played baritone saxophone. ... This article is about the producer and songwriter. ... Kai Chresten Winding (May 18, 1922-May 6, 1983) was a popular trombonist and jazz composer. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ... Art Kane, born Arthur Kanofsky, on April 9, 1925 in New York City, is a renowned fashion and music photographer active from the 1950s through early 1990s. ... A Great Day in Harlem or Harlem 1958 is a 1958 black and white photograph featuring a group portrait of 57 jazz musicians on a Harlem street. ...

Mulligan formed his first "Concert Jazz Band" in the Spring of 1960. Partly an attempt to revisit the ornate arrangements of big band music in a smaller setting, the band varied in size and personnel, with the core group being six brass, five reeds (including Mulligan) and a pianoless two-piece rhythm section. The membership included (at various times, among others): trumpeters Conte Candoli, Nick Travis,Clark Terry, Don Ferrara, Al Derisi, Thad Jones and Doc Severinsen, saxophonists Zoot Sims Jimmy Ryder, Gene Allen, Bobby Donovan, Phil Woods and Gene Quill, trombonists Willie Dennis, Alan Raph and Bob Brookmeyer, drummers Mel Lewis and Gus Johnson, and bassists Buddy Clark and Bill Crow. The band also recorded an album of songs sung by Gerry's close friend Judy Holliday. The band toured and recorded extensively through the end of 1964, ultimately producing five albums for Verve records. A big band, also known as a jazz orchestra, is a large musical ensemble that plays jazz music, especially Swing. ... Conte Condoli was an American jazz trumpeter based on the West Coast of the US. He had played in the big bands of Stan Kenton, Benny Goodman, and Dizzy Gillespie. ... Clark Terry performs with the Great Lakes Navy Band Jazz Ensemble Clark Terry (born December 14, 1920 in St. ... Doc Severinsen during The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carsons 18th Anniversary Special in 1980 Carl Hilding Doc Severinsen (born July 7, 1927 in Arlington, Oregon) is an American pop and jazz trumpeter, best known for leading the NBC Orchestra in the Johnny Carson era. ... John Haley Zoot Sims was an American jazz musician. ... Robert Brookmeyer (born December 19, 1929) is an American jazz valve trombonist, pianist, and arranger. ... Mel Lewis (May 10, 1929 - February 2, 1990) was a drummer, Jazz musician and band leader. ... Gus Johnson (November 15, 1913 – February 6, 2000) was the drummer in various jazz bands for many years. ... Judy Holliday (June 21, 1921–June 7, 1965) was an Academy- and Tony Award-winning American actress. ... Verve Records is an American Jazz record label, founded by Norman Granz in 1956, which absorbed the catalogues of his earlier labels: Norgran Records and Clef Records (founded 1953). ...

Mulligan resumed work with small groups in 1962 and appeared with other groups sporadically (notably in festival situations). Mulligan would continue to work intermittently in small group settings until the end of his life, although performing dates started to become more infrequent during the mid '60s. After Dave Brubeck's quartet broke up in 1967, Mulligan began appearing regularly with Brubeck as the "Gerry Mulligan / Dave Brubeck Quartet" through 1973. Thereafter, Mulligan and Brubeck would work together sporadically until the final year of Mulligan's life. David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ...

In 1971, Mulligan created his most significant work for big band in over a decade for the album The Age of Steam. The Concert Jazz Band was "reformed" in 1978 and toured at various times through the '80s.

Orchestral work

Mulligan, like most jazz musicians of his era, occasionally recorded with strings. Notable dates include 1957 recordings with Vinnie Burke's String Jazz Quartet, a 1959 orchestra album with André Previn and a 1965 album of the Gerry Mulligan Quintet and Strings. In 1974, Mulligan collaborated with famed Argentinean musician Ástor Piazzolla. While in Milan for the recording sessions, Mulligan met his future wife, Countess Franca Rota Borghini Baldovinetti, a freelance photojournalist and reporter. In 1975, Mulligan recorded a string album with Italian composer Enrico Intra. André Previn (born April 6, 1929)¹ is a prominent pianist, orchestral conductor, and composer. ... Ástor Pantaleón Piazzolla (March 11, 1921 – July 4, 1992) was an Argentine tango composer and bandoneón player. ...

Mulligan's more serious work with orchestra began in May of 1970 with a performance of Dave Brubeck's oratorio, The Light in the Wilderness with Erich Kunzel and the Cincinnati Symphony. Erich Kunzel (also known as Erich Kunzel Jr. ... Cincinnati Music Hall As the fifth-oldest orchestra in the United States, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO) has a legacy of fine music making as reflected in its performances in historic Music Hall, recordings, and international tours. ...

In the 1970s and 1980s, Mulligan worked to build and promote a repertoire of baritone saxophone music for orchestra. In 1973, Mulligan commissioned to composer Frank Proto to write a Saxophone Concerto that was premiered with the Cincinnati Symphony. In 1977, the Canadian Broadcasting Company commissioned Harry Freedman to write the saxophone concerto Celebration which was performed by Mulligan with the CBC Symphony. In 1982, Zubin Mehta invited Mulligan to play soprano saxophone in a New York Philharmonic performance of Ravel's Bolero. The baritone saxophone, often called bari sax (to avoid confusion with the baritone horn, which is often referred to simply as baritone), is one of the larger and lower pitched members of the saxophone family. ... Cincinnati Music Hall As the fifth-oldest orchestra in the United States, the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO) has a legacy of fine music making as reflected in its performances in historic Music Hall, recordings, and international tours. ... The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), a Canadian crown corporation, is the countrys national radio and television broadcaster. ... Harry Freedman (born April 5, 1922) is a Canadian composer and musician. ... Maurice Ravel. ... Lineart drawing of a man dancing the Bolero, with castanets For other uses, see Bolero (disambiguation). ...

In 1984, Mulligan commissioned Harry Freedman to write The Sax Chronicles which was an arrangement of some of Mulligan's melodies in pastiche styles. In April of that year, Mulligan was a soloist with the New American Orchestra in Los Angeles for the premier of Patrick Williams' Spring Wings. Harry Freedman (born April 5, 1922) is a Canadian composer and musician. ... This article is about the American composer. ...

In June 1984, Mulligan completed and performed his first orchestral commission, Entente for Baritone Saxophone and Orchestra, with the Filarmonia Venetia. In October, Mulligan performed Entente and The Sax Chronicles with the London Symphony Orchestra. The London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. ...

In 1987, Mulligan adapted K-4 Pacific (from his 1971 Age of Steam big band recording) for quartet with orchestra and performed it beside Entente with the Israel Philharmonic in Tel Aviv with Zubin Mehta conducting. Mulligan's orchestral appearances at the time also included the Houston Symphony, Stockholm Philharmonic and New York Philharmonic. Zubin Mehta (b. ... The Houston Symphony Orchestra is one of the United States of Americas major orchestras, based, as its name suggests, in Houston, Texas. ... The Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (Swedish: Kungliga Filharmonikerna or Kungliga Filharmoniska Orkestern) was founded in 1902 as the Stockholm Concert Society (Konsertföreningens orkester) until 1957 and the Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra (Stockholms Filharmoniska Orkester) between 1957 and 1992 when it acquired its present name. ... The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active symphony orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842. ...

1988 saw the premier of Mulligan's Octet for Sea Cliff a chamber work commissioned by the Sea Cliff Chamber Players. In 1991 the Concordia Orchestra premiered Momo's Clock, a work for orchestra (without saxophone solo) that was inspired by a book by German author Michael Ende. Michael Andreas Helmuth Ende (November 12, 1929 - August 29, 1995) was a German writer of fantasy novels and childrens books. ...

Later career

Throughout Mulligan's orchestral work and until the end of his life, Mulligan maintained an active career performing and recording jazz - usually with a quartet that included a piano.

In June 1988, Mulligan was invited to be the first-ever Composer-in-Residence at the Glasgow International Jazz Festival and was commissioned to write a work, which he entitled The Flying Scotsman. Glasgow International Jazz Festival is a jazz festival in Glasgow, Scotland. ...

In 1991, Mulligan contacted Miles Davis about revisiting the music from the seminal 1949 Birth of the Cool album. Davis had recently performed some of his Gil Evans collaborations with Quincy Jones at the Montreux Jazz Festival and was enthusiastic. However, Davis died from a stroke in September and Mulligan continued the recording project and tour with Wallace Roney and Art Farmer subbing for Davis. Re-Birth of the Cool (released in 1992) featured the charts from Birth of the Cool, and a new nonet which included Lewis and Barber from the original Davis band. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Gil Evans (13 May 1912 in Toronto Canada – 20 March 1988 in Cuernavaca, Mexico) was a jazz pianist, arranger, composer, and bandleader, active in the United States. ... This article is about the producer and songwriter. ... The Montreux Jazz Festival is the best-known music festival in Switzerland. ... Wallace Roney (born May 25, 1960) is an American trumpet player and jazz musician. ... Arthur Stewart (Art) Farmer (August 21, 1928 – October 4, 1999), was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player. ...

Mulligan's final recording was a quartet album (with guests), Dragonfly, recorded in the Summer of 1995 and released on the Telarc label. Mulligan gave his final performance on the 13th Annual Floating Jazz Festival, SS Norway, Caribbean Cruise, November 9, 1995. The SS France is an ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de lAtlantique of Saint-Nazaire, and put into service by the Compagnie Générale Translantique in January 1962. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

Mulligan died in Darien, Connecticut on January 20, 1996 at the age of 68 following complications from knee surgery. His widow Franca -- to whom he'd been married since 1976 -- said he had also been suffering from liver cancer. Mulligan had reportedly had long-term affairs with actresses Judy Holliday and Sandy Dennis. Darien is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called hepatoma) is a primary malignancy (cancer) of the liver. ... Judy Holliday (June 21, 1921–June 7, 1965) was an Academy- and Tony Award-winning American actress. ... Sandy Dennis Sandy Dennis (April 27, 1937 – March 2, 1992) was an Academy Award and Tony-winning American theater and film actress. ...

Upon Mulligan's passing, his library and numerous personal effects (including a gold-plated Conn saxophone) were given to the Library of Congress. In 1999 ([1]) The Gerry Mulligan Collection opened as a permanent exhibit in a special room at the entrance to the Performing Arts Reading Room in the James Madison Memorial Building. The exhibit is open to the public and includes numerous photos, record covers, posters and his 1981 Grammy award. Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ...

Awards

• 1981 Grammy award (Best Jazz Instrumental Performance by a Big Band) for Walk on the Water
• Grammy nominations for the albums The Age of Steam, For an Unfinished Woman and Soft Lights and Sweet Music
• 1982 The Birth of the Cool album inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
• 1982 Connecticut Arts Award
• 1984 Viotti Prize (Vercelli, Italy)
• 1988 Duke Ellington Fellow at Yale University
• 1989 received keys to the city of Trieste, Italy
• 1990 Philadelphia Music Foundation Hall of Fame
• 1991 American Jazz Hall of Fame
• 1992 Lionel Hampton School of Music Hall of Fame
• 1992 Guest composer at the Mertens Contemporary American Composer's Festival, University of Bridgeport, Connecticut
• 1994 Down Beat (magazine) Hall of Fame
• 1995 Artists Committee for the Kennedy Center Honors for the Performing Arts
• 42 consecutive years (1953-1995) winning the Down Beat magazine reader's poll for outstanding baritone saxophonist

Yale redirects here. ... Down Beat is an American magazine devoted to jazz. ... The Kennedy Center as seen from the Potomac River. ...

Theatre and film

Mulligan's first film appearance was probably with Gene Krupa's orchestra playing alto saxophone in the 1946 RKO short film Follow That Music. Mulligan had small roles in the films I Want to Live! (1958 - as a jazz combo member), The Rat Race (1960), The Subterraneans (1960) and Bells Are Ringing (1960). Mulligan also performed numerous times on television in a variety of settings during his career. Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 – October 16, 1973) was a famous and influential American jazz and big band drummer, known for his highly energetic and flamboyant style. ...

As a film composer, Mulligan wrote music for A Thousand Clowns (1965 - title theme) the film version of the Broadway comedy Luv (1967), the French films La Menace (1977) and Les Petites galères (1977 - with Ástor Piazzolla) and I'm Not Rappaport (1996 - title theme). A Thousand Clowns is a 1965 film which tells the story of a young boy who lives with his eccentric uncle, who is forced to conform to society in order to keep custody of the boy. ... Ástor Pantaleón Piazzolla (March 11, 1921 – July 4, 1992) was an Argentine tango composer and bandoneón player. ... Im Not Rappaport is a movie about two old men on a bench experiencing everyday life in central park and the challenges that senior life brings, avoiding their worriful children, and staying out of a rest home. ...

In 1974 Mulligan collaborated on a musical version of Anita Loos' play Happy Birthday. Although the creative team had great hopes for the work, it never made it past a workshop production at the University of Alabama. In 1978, Mulligan wrote incidental music for Dale Wasserman's Broadway play Play with Fire. Anita Loos (April 26, 1888 – August 18, 1981) was an acclaimed American screenwriter, playwright and author. ... Dale Wasserman, a prolific writer of drama, admits to little more than being born (1917). ...

In 1995 the Hal Leonard Corporation released the video tape The Gerry Mulligan Workshop - A Master Class on Jazz and Its Legendary Players.

Selected Recordings

• The Gerry Mulligan Quartet/Gerry Mulligan with the Chubby Jackson Big Band (1950-52)- The big band sides are from 1950, the band led by bassist Jackson included Howard McGhee, Zoot Sims, and trombonist J. J. Johnson. The quartet sides, with Chet Baker were recorded at two sessions in 1952.
• The Original Quartet With Chet Baker - (1952-3) 2-CD collection of the recordings of the pianoless quartet with Chico Hamilton for Pacific Jazz
• Konitz Meets Mulligan (1953) - with Chet Baker
• At Storyville (1956) - Quartet, live in Boston, Mulligan plays piano on some tracks,
• Reunion with Chet Baker (1957)
• Blues in Time (1957) - Quartet with Paul Desmond Verve records, released on CD as Gerry Mulligan/Paul Desmond Quartet
• Getz Meets Mulligan in Hi-Fi (1957) with tenor player Stan Getz
• What Is There To Say? (1958) - piano-less quartet with Art Farmer
• Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster (1959) with the older-generation tenor player Webster.
• Gerry Mulligan and the Concert Jazz Band at the Village Vanguard (1960), with a big band driven by drummer Mel Lewis
• Live at the Olympia Paris (1960-62) with the Concert Jazz Band
• Night Lights (1963) with trumpeter Art Farmer, trombonist Bob Brookmeyer and guitarist Jim Hall.
• Complete Studio Recordings- The Gerry Mulligan Sextet (1962-4) with Farmer, Brookmeyer, Hall, bassist Bill Crow and drummer Dave Bailey.
• Live at the Berln Philharmonie (1970) with the Dave Brubeck Trio.
• Age of Steam (1971)
• Re-Birth of the Cool (1992) - re-recordings of Miles Davis 1949 Birth of the Cool recordings, which Mulligan had been part of.
• Billy Taylor and Gerry Mulligan: Live at MCG (1993) live, with pianist Billy Taylor at Manchester Craftsmen's Guild (MCG) in Pittsburgh.
• Paraiso (1993) with Brazilian singer Jane Duboc
• Dragonfly (1995) - the final recordings

Howard McGhee (b March 6, 1918 Tulsa, OK - d July 17, 1987 NYC) Bebob jazz trumpeter known for lightening fast fingers and very high notes. ... John Haley Zoot Sims was an American jazz musician. ... J. J. Johnson, in about the mid-1960s J. J. Johnson (born James Louis Johnson) in Indianapolis, Indiana, (January 22, 1924 - elements of both classical and jazz music. ... Chesney Henry Chet Baker Jr. ... Foreststorn Hamilton, better known as Chico Hamilton (born September 21, 1921 in Los Angeles) is a jazz drummer. ... Pacific Jazz Records was a Los Angeles based record label best known for releasing cool jazz or West coast jazz. ... Chesney Henry Chet Baker Jr. ... Paul Desmond (25 November 1924 - 30 May 1977), born Paul Emil Breitenfeld, was a jazz alto saxophonist and composer born in San Francisco, perhaps best known for penning Take Five as a member of the Dave Brubeck Quartet. ... Verve Records is an American Jazz record label, founded by Norman Granz in 1956, which absorbed the catalogues of his earlier labels: Norgran Records and Clef Records (founded 1953). ... Stanley Getz (February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California), usually known by his stage name Stan Getz, was an American jazz musician. ... Arthur Stewart (Art) Farmer (August 21, 1928 – October 4, 1999), was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player. ... Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster (Complete) 1997 expanded release Gerry Mulligan Meets Ben Webster, also simply called Meets Ben Webster, is a 1959 album featuring the November 3 - December 2 studio sessions of American jazz musicians Gerry Mulligan and Ben Webster. ... Mel Lewis (May 10, 1929 - February 2, 1990) was a drummer, Jazz musician and band leader. ... Arthur Stewart (Art) Farmer (August 21, 1928 – October 4, 1999), was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player. ... Robert Brookmeyer (born December 19, 1929) is an American jazz valve trombonist, pianist, and arranger. ... Jim Hall is a programmer for the FreeDOS project and the original developer of the GNU Robots program. ... Bill Crow, is a jazz bassist and author. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Birth of the Cool is an album which collects the twelve sides recorded by the Miles Davis nonet (featuring Gerry Mulligan, Lee Konitz and others) for Capitol Records in 1949 and 1950. ... For other uses, see Billy Taylor (disambiguation). ... Manchester Craftsmen’s Guild is a nonprofit a multi-discipline learning community established in 1968 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Its programs include MCG Jazz, MCG Youth and the Denali Initiative. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ...

Discography

Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Historically Speaking is a 1951 recording by baritone saxophonist Gerry Mulligan, who is joined by pianist George Wallington. ... Prestige Records was a record label founded in 1949 by Bob Weinstock (October 2, 1928–January 14, 2006). ...

References

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• A site with information on Mulligan and all the great Jazz Baritone Saxophonists
• Craig Allan Hanley's repository of Mulligan liner notes, articles and information
• Excerpts from Mulligan's oral autobiography at the Library of Congress
• Biography of Gerry Mulligan on his publishing company's website
• An extensive Mulligan discography and record of performances by Gérard Dugelay and Kenneth Hallqvist
• Mulligan's 1996 NY Times Obituary
• Gerry Mulligan at the Internet Movie Database