Gerzeh ( or Girza, Jirzah ) was a predynastic Egyptian cemetery (29°27'N, 31°12'E) located along the west bank of the Nile and today named after al-Girza, the nearby present day town in Egypt [1]. Gerzeh is situated only several miles due east of the lake of the Al Fayyum [2]. "Gerzean culture" refers to the way of life led by the prehistoric peoples of the region. The Predynastic period of Egypt is the period that culminates in the rise of the Old Kingdom and the first of the thirty dynasties based on royal residences, by which Egyptologists divide the history of Pharaonic civilization, using a schedule laid out first by Manethos Aegyptaica. ... The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin  Africa Mouth  the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The Nile (Arabic: النيل an-nÄ«l), in Africa, is one of the two... Al Fayyum is one of the governorates of Egypt located in the centre of the country. ... Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history including all previous history before humans which is prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ...

Though varying dates have historically been assigned by sundry authorities, Gerzean culture as used as follows distinguishes itself from the Amratian culture and begins circa 3600BC [3] lasting through circa 3200 BC or the end of the Naqada II period.^[4] This era lasts through a period of time when the desertification of the Sahara had nearly reached its present state (see Sahara). (33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland New Stone Age people in Ireland build... Naqada or Naquada is a village on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt. ... Ship stranded by the retreat of the Aral Sea Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas into desert, resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. ...

The primary distinguishing feature between the earlier Amratian and the Gerzean culture is the extra decorative effort exhibited in the pottery of the period [5]. Artwork on Gerzean pottery features stylised animals and environment at a greater degree than earlier Amratian artwork [6]. Further, images of ostriches in the pottery artwork possibly indicate an inclination these early peoples may have felt to explore the desert of the Sahara [7]. Pottery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Binomial name Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 The Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Greek sparrow camel) is the largest living bird, reaching a height of up to 2. ... Pottery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

Some symbols on Gerzean pottery resemble traditional hieroglyph writing [8], contemporaneous to pre-cuneiform Sumerian script [9]. A hieroglyph is one part of an ideographic writing system that is often found carved in stone. ... Cuneiform (from the Latin word for wedge-shaped) can refer to: an ancient writing system originating in Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium BC three bones in the human foot a record label, Cuneiform Records. ... Sumer (or Shumer, Sumeria, Shinar, native ki-en-gir) formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia. ...

Burial sites in Gerzeh have uncovered artifacts such as cosmetic palettes, a bone harpoon, a ivory pot, stone vessels and several meteoritic iron beads [10]. Technologies at Gerzeh also fine ripple-flaked knives of exceptional workmanship. The meteoritic iron beads discovered in two Gerzean graves by Egyptologist Wainwright in 1911 [11] are in fact the earliest artifacts of iron known [12] (see also Iron Age). Underwater funeral in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seafrom an edition with drawings by Alphonse de Neuville and Edouard Riou. ... An artifact (also artefact) is a term coined by Sir Julian Huxley meaning any object or process resulting from human activity. ... Cosmetic refers to beauty or appearance. ... An artists palette A palette is: A thin board that a painter holds and mixes colour pigments on. ... For the anti-ship missile, see AGM-84 Harpoon. ... Ivory is a hard, white, opaque substance that is the bulk of the teeth and tusks of animals such as the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus, mammoth, etc. ... See: Pottery Cannabis (marijuana) Cooking pot Gardening or Garden Pol Pot A technical slang for potentiometer Pot is an alternate name for pood, a Russian unit of mass of about 16 kg Pot (poker) POT (Pirates of the Theatre) Chamber pot This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... Bacubirito in Culiacan, Mexico is the second largest meteorite in the Americas, and fifth largest in the world A meteorite is a small extraterrestrial body that reaches the Earths surface. ... A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. ... Technology (Gr. ... Bacubirito in Culiacan, Mexico is the second largest meteorite in the Americas, and fifth largest in the world A meteorite is a small extraterrestrial body that reaches the Earths surface. ... A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. ... An artifact (also artefact) is a term coined by Sir Julian Huxley meaning any object or process resulting from human activity. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...

[Lapis lazuli]] trade, in the form of beads, from its only known prehistoric source – Badakshan, in northeastern Afghanistan – also reached ancient Gerzeh [13]. Other discovered grave goods are on display here: [14], [15], [16]. A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ... In archaeology and anthropology grave goods are the items interred along with the body. ...

 One burial uncovered evidence of prehistoric dismemberment, in the form of a decapitation [17]. 

The end of the Gerzean period is generally regarded as coinciding with the unification of Egypt. Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history including all previous history before humans which is prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ... Dismemberment is the act of cutting, tearing, pulling, wrenching or otherwise removing, the limbs of the condemned, causing prolonged, painful death. ... // Beheading—Facsimile of a Miniature on Wood in the Cosmographie Universelle of Munster: in folio, Basle, 1552. ... Map of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt as a general historical term broadly refers to the civilization of the Lower Nile Valley, between the First Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta, from circa 3300 BC until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based...

Footnote

1. ⇧Accordingly some authorities place the onset of the Naqada I period coincident with the Amratian [18] or Badarian cultures, i.e. c.'3800 BC - 3650 BC even though some Badarian artifacts may in fact date earlier (for example, see Badarian). Nevertheless, because the Naqada sites were first divided by the British Egyptologist William Flinders Petrie, in 1894, into these Amratian (after the cemetery near El-Amrah) and Gerzean (after the cemetery near Gerzeh) sub-periods, the original convention is used in this text.

Naqada or Naquada is a village on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt. ... The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt. ... The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt. ... An artifact (also artefact) is a term coined by Sir Julian Huxley meaning any object or process resulting from human activity. ... The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt. ... Naqada or Naquada is a village on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt. ... Egyptologist Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (3 June 1853 - 28 July 1942) was a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... ...

External links

• Gerzeh (Girza). University College London, 2000.
• Egypt, ancient. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2005.
• Egypt: History - Predynastic Period. Tour Egypt! 1997.