General Gheorghe Magheru (1802, Bârzeiul de Gilort in Gorj—1880) was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary and soldier, and political ally of Nicolae Bălcescu. --69. ... Administrative map of Romania with Gorj county highlighted Gorj is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Târgu Jiu (population: 98,897). ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Nicolae Bălcescu Nicolae Bălcescu (1819-1852) was a Romanian historian, writer, and revolutionary. ...

Râureni

He is noted for organizing the revolutionary and Pandur army camp in Râureni - on the grounds belonging to the Schitu Troianu Monastery, at the time near Râmnicu Vâlcea (and now part of the city). Pandurs in the Austrian army were created in the 18th century and they were a non-linear (irregular) infantry, whose main objective was to assassinate enemy officers, conduct guerrilla warfare, and to fight in extended formations. ... Râmnicu Vâlcea (population: 107,656) is a city in Vâlcea county, Romania. ...

Magheru intended to use it as a base for opposing threats to the 1848 Wallachian Revolution, as early as the summer of that year. However, when the Ottoman troops swept into Bucharest in September, he ordered his troops to disband. In this, he probably followed the advice of the United Kingdom consul in the Wallachian capital. The pro-Ottoman attitude remained prevalent among revolutionaries: they had been well received by the Turks, who saw them as a means to oppose the overwhelming Imperial Russian influence over the Danubian Principalities, and were probably right in seeing the Turkish move as prompted exclusively by Russian requests (with Abd-ul-Mejid I careful not to leave the countries opened to the full force of Russian repression, which soon joined the Turkish armies in the occupation). This created the paradox of Russia enforcing conservative policies in Wallachia and Moldavia, while most revolutionaries were taking refuge in Istanbul. Magheru was very likely aware of such nuances, and he probably thought it best not to provoke a violent response. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million... Bucharest is situated on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River, which flows into the Argeş River, a tributary of the Danube. ... The title Consul has been used for official representatives of a state, outside its (metropolitan) territory, looking after its interests (a task normally largely transferred to the formal diplomacy) and, especially, those of its subjects, individuals as well as enterprises. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of... The Danubian Principalities was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia which emerged in the late 13th century and became the basis for the Romanian nation. ... Sultan Abdul Mejid I Abd-ul-Mejid (Arabic: عبد المجيد الأول ) (April 23, 1823 – June 25, 1861) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on July 2, 1839. ... Robert Boyles self-flowing flask fills itself in this diagram, but perpetual motion machines do not exist. ... Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ... Moldavia (Moldova in Romanian) was a Romanian principality, originally created in the Middle Ages, now divided between Romania, Moldovan Republic and Ukraine. ... Shows the Location of the Province Istanbul The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Istanbul Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) (a Turkish contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ...

Exile

In exile in Paris (mainly), Magheru was involved in many activities of the Wallachian émigrés. He expressed his concern that the Transylvanian Revolution of Romanian Austrian subjects, aimed at the separatist Hungarian government, was likely to provoke the Romanian fighters under Avram Iancu to side with a Russian intervention, thus making it impossible for Wallachia to negotiate or fight its way out of the occupation. The neutrality and factual accuracy of this article are disputed. ... Émigré is a French term that shows how Martin B. loves stephanie. ... Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania or Ardeal; Hungarian: Erdély; German: Siebenbürgen; see also other languages) forms the western and central parts of Romania. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Categories: Stub | Romanian people ...

He approached the Hungarian leader Lajos Kossuth in January 1849, with a project that would have replaced the tight centralization with a confederation between Hungary and a more Romanian than not Transylvania. Lajos (Louis) Kossuth (Ľudovít Košút in Slovakian) (Monok, September 19, 1802 – Turin, March 20, 1894) was a Hungarian lawyer, politician, and for a time was regent. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject. ... A confederation is an association of sovereign states, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. ...

The project was ignored by both sides: the Transylvanian Romanians thought of themselves as loyal subjects of the Habsburg Crown, and had already suffered waves of violence after Józef Bem's armies marched into the region (in the very same project, Magheru asked that Kossuth renounce the politics of repression and revolutionary terror). Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Józef Bem Józef Zachariasz Bem (1794-1850) was a Polish general and a national hero of Poland and Hungary. ...

Later life and legacy

Magheru returned to Wallachia and was active in the movement that worked for the Union of Moldavia and Wallachia (the movement was largely composed of former 1848-activists in the two countries). This was to be realized on January 24, 1859, when the already Prince of Moldavia Alexander John Cuza was elected in Bucharest. January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Rulers of Moldavia | History of Romania ... Alexander John Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (March 20, 1820, Galaţi - May 15, 1873, Heidelberg), more commonly known in English as Alexander John Cuza, was the domnitor (ruler) of the United Principalites of Romania between 1859 and 1866. ... Bucharest is situated on the banks of the Dâmboviţa River, which flows into the Argeş River, a tributary of the Danube. ...

One of the main arteries in Bucharest bears his name, and the campsite in Râureni is now a museum.

Reference

• Liviu Maior, 1848-1849. Români şi unguri în revoluţie, Bucharest, Editura Enciclopedică, 1998