NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Giacomo Antonelli

His Eminence Giacomo Cardinal Antonelli (April 2, 1806 – November 6, 1876), Italian lay cardinal, was born at Sonnino. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x741, 86 KB) Description: Vestments of a cardinal: red cassock, rochet trimmed with lace, red chimere, apostolical cross. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... His Eminence is a historical style of address for high nobility. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a lay cardinal is a cardinal who is not an ordained clergyman, a status that was abolished in the early 20th century with the requirement that cardinals be ordained clergy. ... Country Italy Region Lazio Province Latina (LT) Mayor Gino Cesare Gasbarrone (since May 2002) Elevation 430 m Area 63 kmÂ² Population - Total (as of 2004-12-31) 7,070 - Density 100/kmÂ² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Coordinates Gentilic Sonninesi Dialing code 0773 Postal code 04010 Frazioni Capocroce, Cerreto, Frasso...

He was educated for the priesthood, but, after taking minor orders, gave up the idea of becoming a priest, and chose an administrative career. Created secular prelate, he was sent as apostolic delegate to Viterbo, where he early manifested his reactionary tendencies in an attempt to stamp out Liberalism. Recalled to Rome in 1841, he entered the office of the Secretariat of State, but four years later was appointed pontifical treasurer-general. Created cardinal (June 11, 1847), one of the Church's last lay cardinals, he was chosen by Pius IX to preside over the council of state entrusted with the drafting of the constitution. The minor orders are the lowest ranks in the Christian clergy. ... From the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. ... Country Italy Region Lazio Province Viterbo (VT) Mayor Giampiero Gabbianelli Elevation 326 m Area 406,28 kmÂ² Population - Total 60,537 - Density 148. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5... The Secretariat of State is the oldest dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals which as a body elects a new pope. ... June 11 is the 162nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (163rd in leap years), with 203 days remaining. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... In the Roman Catholic Church, a lay cardinal is a cardinal who is not an ordained clergyman, a status that was abolished in the early 20th century with the requirement that cardinals be ordained clergy. ... Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 â€“ February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878, making him the longest-reigning Pope since the Apostle St. ...

On March 10, 1848, Antonelli became premier of the first constitutional ministry of Pius IX. In that year, the Papal States were overthrown by Liberals and replaced by a Roman Republic, only to be restored by the pope in 1849 with military aid from France and Austria. Upon the fall of his cabinet, Antonelli created for himself the governorship of the sacred palaces in order to retain constant access to and influence over the pope. After the assassination of Pellegrino Rossi (November 18, 1848) he arranged the flight of Pius IX to Gaeta. March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (70th in leap years). ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Coat of arms Map of the Papal States; the reddish area was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, the rest (grey) in 1870. ... Military flag of the Roman Republic. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Pellegrino Rossi. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Gaeta (ancient Latin name Caieta) is a city in Province of Latina, in Lazio, Italy. ...

Notwithstanding promises to the powers, he restored absolute government upon returning to Rome (April 12, 1850) and violated the conditions of the surrender by wholesale imprisonment of Liberals. In 1855 he narrowly escaped assassination. As ally of the Bourbons of Naples, from whom he had received an annual subsidy, he attempted, after 1860, to facilitate their restoration by fomenting brigandage on the Neapolitan frontier. To the overtures of Ricasoli in 1861, Pius IX, at Antonelli's suggestion, replied with the famous "Non possumus," but subsequently (1867) accepted, too late, Ricasoli's proposal concerning ecclesiastical property. Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (580 sq mi) - Urban 5... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section should include material from France: Wars of Religion _ Bourbon Dynasty The House of Bourbon dates from at least the beginning of the 13th century, when the estate of Bourbon was ruled by a Lord, vassal of France. ... â€œNapoliâ€ redirects here. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Bettino, baron Ricasoli (March 29, 1809 â€“ October 23, 1880; IPA: ) was an Italian statesman. ... 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito JuÃ¡rez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by...

After the September Convention (1864) Antonelli organized the Legion of Antibes to replace French troops in Rome, and in 1867 secured French aid against Garibaldi's invasion of papal territory. Upon the reoccupation of Rome by the French after the battle of Mentana, 3 November 1867, Antonelli again ruled supreme, but upon the entry of the Italians in 1870 was obliged to restrict his activity to the management of foreign relations. He wrote, with papal approval, the letter requesting the Italians to occupy the Leonine City (in which the Italian government had intended to allow the pope to keep his temporal power), and obtained from the Italians payment of the Peter's pence (5,000,000 lire) remaining in the papal exchequer, as well as 50,000 scudi, the first and only installment of the Italian allowance (subsequently fixed by the Law of Guarantees, March 21, 1871) ever accepted by the Holy See. The September Convention was a treaty concluded in September 1864 between the Papal States and the new Kingdom of Italy, which had recently been founded after the Kingdom of Sardinia annexed most of the small states in the Italian peninsula and most of the territory of the Papal States. ... Garibaldi in 1866. ... The Leonine City is that part of the city of Rome around which Pope Leo IV commissioned the construction of a wall for military defense during the 9th century. ... By the expression temporal power is commonly indicated the political and governmental activity of the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from their spiritual and pastoral activity (also called eternal power). ... After the overthrow of the Papal States in 1870, Italys Law of Guarantees accorded the Pope certain honors and privileges similar to those enjoyed by the King of Italy, including the right to send and receive ambassadors as if he still had temporal power as ruler of a state. ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (81st in leap years). ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

At Antonelli's death the Vatican finances were found to be in disorder, with a deficit of 45,000,000 lire. His personal fortune, accumulated during office, was considerable, and was bequeathed almost entirely to members of his family. To the Church he left little and to the pope only a trifling souvenir. From 1850 until his death he interfered little in affairs of dogma and church discipline, although he addressed to the powers circulars enclosing the Syllabus of Errors (1864) and the acts of the First Vatican Council (1870). For the film Dogma, see Dogma (film) Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek , plural ) is the established belief or doctrine held by a religion, ideology or any kind of organization, thought to be authoritative and not to be disputed or doubted. ... The Syllabus of Errors (Latin: Syllabus Errorum) was a document issued by Pope Pius IX on December 8,1864, Feast of the Immaculate Conception, as an appendix to his encyclical Quanta Cura. ... The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Aeterni Patris of June 29, 1868. ...

His activity was devoted almost exclusively to the struggle between the papacy and the Italian Risorgimento. He died on the 6 November 1876. Italian unification, also known as Risorgimento (resurrection), was a historical process by which the Kingdom of Sardinia (ruled by the Savoy dynasty with Turin as its capital) gradually conquered the Italian peninsula, including the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Duchy of Modena, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

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Categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica | 1806 births | 1876 deaths | Contemporary Italian history | Diplomats of the Holy See | Economic history of the Holy See | Italian cardinals | People from Lazio EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the 11th edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Secret Vatican Archives contain the central repository of all the acts that have been promulgated by the Roman Catholic Churchs Papal See, as well as diplomatic materials and correspondence of the Papal See and other documents that have accumulated over the centuries. ...

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