Giacomo Boni (b. Venice, Italy, 25 April 1859; d. Rome, 10 July 1925) was an archaeologist specializing in Roman architecture. April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... The Romans adopted the external language of classical Greek architecture for their own purposes, which were so different from Greek buildings as to create a new architectural style. ...

Boni studied architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice and later dedicated himself to extensive and important excavations in the Forum Romanum in Rome. His early work as an architect in Venice involved him in the restoration of the Palazzo Ducale there. During this time he demonstrated his technical skill. He later studied architecture in the Accademia di Belle Arti. However, the widest definition in modern use refers to the organization, articulation, and interfaces of any built (or To Be Built— TBB) entity, whether a building or a communications network. ... Location within Italy Venice (Italian: Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45°26′ N 12°19′ E, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ... The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum) was a central area of ancient Rome in which commerce, business, trading and the administration of justice took place. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... Doges Palace The Doges Palace (Ital. ... The Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence, Italy, is the oldest art school in the world, and the home of Michelangelos statue, David. ...

In 1888 he went to Rome; there in 1898 Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione G. Baccelli named him director of excavations in the Forum Romanum. Boni directed the excavations in the Forum from 1898 until his death in 1925. He was interested in the stratigraphy of the Forum, an important advance in the science of Roman archaeology. 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is basically the study of rock layers and layering (stratification). ... Importance and applicability Most of human history is not described by any written records. ...

His excavations led to many important discoveries, including the Iron Age necropolis near the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, the Lapis Niger, the Regia, Galleria Cesaree, Horrea Agrippiana and other monuments. In 1907 Boni also worked on the slope of the Palatine Hill where he discovered the Mundus (tholos-cistern), a complex of tunnels leading to the Casa dei Grifi, the so-called Aula Isiaca, the so-called Baths of Tiberius and the base of a hut under the peristilio of the Domus Flavia. Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ... A necropolis (plural: necropolises or necropoleis) is a cemetery or burying-place, literally a city of the dead. Apart from the occasional application of the word to modern cemeteries outside large towns, the term is chiefly used of burial grounds near the sites of the centers of ancient civilizations. ... Regia in the Roman Forum The Regia is one of the oldest buildings at the Roman Forum. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... Mundus (died 536) was a Byzantine general during the reign of Justinian I. Nothing is known of early life, except that he was originally a Gepid mercenary. ...

The excavations were interrupted by the outbreak of World War I, in which he participated as a soldier. He resumed his archaeological work in 1916. He was subsequently elected senator in 1923, at which time he embraced fascism. World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ...

Boni is buried in the Orti Farnesiani on the Palatine Hill in Rome.

Further reading

• Whitehouse, David. "Boni, Giacomo." Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology. Nancy Thomson de Grummond, ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996, vol. 1, pp. 171-72.

References

• P. Romanelli, s.v. “Boni Giacomo”, in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani), Roma 1970, pp. 75-77
• A. Capodiferro, P. Fortini (a cura di), Gli scavi di Giacomo Boni al foro Romano, Documenti dall’Archivio Disegni della Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma I.1 (Planimetrie del Foro Romano, Gallerie Cesaree, Comizio, Niger Lapis, Pozzi repubblicani e medievali), Roma 2003.
• "Trajan's column." Proceedings of the British Academy, London (1912). vol. 3 p. 93-98.
• Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Venezia. Venice: Stabilimento tipografico dei fratelli Vicentini, 1887.
• La torre de S. Marco: communicazione. s.l. : s.n., 1903.
• The Roman marmorarii. Rome: s.n., 1893.
• "Il duomo di Parenzo ed i suoi mosaici." Archivio storico dell'Arte 7 (1894) [unnumbered, 28 pp.]