 The mammoth, an extinct genus of megafauna. Megafauna are generally defined as animals that weigh over 500 kg to 1 tonne, i.e., any animal larger than the largest widespread domestic animal, the domestic bull. Some authors use much lower thresholds, even as low as 50 kg (making humans a megafauna species), but they are not widely accepted. The term is also used to refer to particular groups of large animals, both to extant species and, more often, those that have become extinct in geologically recent times. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Species Mammuthus africanavus African mammoth Mammuthus columbi Columbian mammoth Mammuthus exilis Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus jeffersonii Jeffersonian mammoth Mammuthus trogontherii Steppe mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis Mammuthus subplanifrons South African mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Woolly mammoth Mammuthus lamarmorae Sardinian Dwarf Mammoth A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of proboscidean...
The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et...
A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ...
Dogs and sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated. ...
Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ...
Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...
The Dodo, shown here in illustration, is an often-cited[1] example of modern extinction. ...
For other uses, see Quaternary (disambiguation). ...
Megafauna animals are generally K-strategists, with great longevity, slow population growth rates, low death rates, and few or no natural predators capable of killing adults. These characteristics make megafauna highly vulnerable to human exploitation. Many species of megafauna have become extinct within the last million years, and, although some biologists dispute it, human hunting is often cited as the cause. In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of traits (in organisms) that allow success in particular environments. ...
Hunter and Huntress redirect here. ...
Usage
The tense in which the term is used is usually apparent from the context: - A particular group of large, extinct animals. For example, American megafauna, meaning "the various species of large American mammal that became extinct about 13,000 years ago".
- Any group of large animals. For example, South American megafauna, meaning "all large animals in South America today".
Extinction Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extinction of megafauna. The first cites human intervention, noting that the arrival of humans to various continents coincided with the extinction of that continent's megafauna. Two main arguments are used in opposition to this hypothesis, namely the coexistance of humans and megaufauna in France, regardless of heavy predation, and the decline of megafauna in North America began before human arrival.[citation needed] There is also a distinct lack of large kill sites in the archaeological record.[citation needed]
The second main hypothesis uses climate change, most notable large increases in average temperature, as the major factor in the death of megafauna. However, the woolly mammoth survived on at least two islands in the region of the Bering Strait for thousands of years after the end of the last glaciation 12,000 years ago. This is indicative that it was not just a change in climate and accompanying vegetation that killed off megafauna in other regions, but that the replacement of other species more optimally adapted for the conditions that came with the end of the Pleistocene caused significant population duress. Satellite photo of the Bering Strait http://209. ...
New evidence suggests that humans were the ultimate cause of the extinction of megafauna in Australia. At the time of extinction, arid regional climate was immensely similar climates of today. The megafauna were hence strongly adapted to an such a climate, ruling out climate change as a cause of extinction. Evidence indicates that all forms of megafauna became extinct in the same rapid timeframe, approximately 47,000 years ago, in which humans entered the region. The main mechanism contributing towards extinction is thus implied to be human burning of a much less fire-adapted landscape than that of today. Isotopes from teeth indicate such burning caused drastic changes in vegetation and hence in the diet of surviving species, as well as the loss of megafaunal species. [1] [2] [3].
Megafauna by continent "†" denotes extinct megafauna
African megafauna Binomial name Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779) Subspecies The African Buffalo or Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a bovid from the family of the Bovidae. ...
Binomial name Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) The African Bush Elephant (Loxodonta africana) is the larger of the two species of African elephants. ...
It has been suggested that African Pygmy Elephant be merged into this article or section. ...
Ancylotherium (meaning hooked beast) was one of the last surviving chalicotheres, living 6. ...
Arsinoitherium is an extinct mammal genus of the superorder Paenungulata. ...
Binomial name Diceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758 Black Rhinoceros range Subspecies Diceros bicornis michaeli Diceros bicornis longipes Diceros bicornis minor Diceros bicornis bicornis The Black Rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis also colloquially Black Rhino is a mammal in the order Perissodactyla, native to the eastern and central areas of Africa including Kenya, Tanzania...
Binomial name Tragelaphus eurycerus Ogilby, 1837 The Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus is a large African forest antelope species. ...
Species Deinotherium bozasi Arambourg, 1934 Deinotherium giganteus Kaup, 1829 Deinotherium indicum Falconer, 1845 Deinotherium (terrible beast) was a huge prehistoric proto-elephant that appeared in the Middle Miocene and continued until the Early Pleistocene. ...
Species Dinofelis abeli Dinofelis barlowi Dinofelis diastemata Dinofelis paleoonca Dinofelis piveteaui Dinofelis therailurus Dinofelis is a genus of machairodontin saber-toothed cats belong to the tribe Metailurini that lived in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America approximately 5-1. ...
Binomial name Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 The Common Eland (Taurotragus oryx) is a savannah and plain antelope found in East and Southern Africa. ...
A Giant Eland Binomial name Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 The Giant Eland (Taurotragus derbianus also known as the Derby Eland) is an open forest savannah antelope. ...
Binomial name Giraffa camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Binomial name Gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847 Subspecies G. g. ...
Binomial name Gorilla beringei Matschie, 1903 Subspecies G. b. ...
Binomial name Alcelaphus buselaphus Pallas, 1766 The Hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) is a grassland antelope found in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. ...
Binomial name Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758 Range map The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), from the Greek ‘ιπποπόταμος (hippopotamos, hippos meaning horse and potamos meaning river), is a large, mostly plant-eating African mammal, one of only two extant, and three or four recently extinct, species in the family Hippopotamidae. ...
Binomial name Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution of Lions in Africa Synonyms Felis leo (Linnaeus, 1758) The lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four big cats in the genus Panthera. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti, 1768) The Nile crocodile is one of the 3 species of crocodiles found in Africa, and the second largest species of crocodile. ...
| color = pink | name = Okapi | status = LR/nt | trend = stable | image = Okapi2. ...
Trinomial name Equus quagga quagga Boddaert, 1785 The quagga is an extinct subspecies of the plains zebra, which was once found in great numbers in South Africas Cape Province and the southern part of the Orange Free State. ...
Binomial name Hippotragus niger Harris, 1838 The Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger) is an antelope that inhabits wooded savannah in East Africa south of Kenya, and in Southern Africa. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801) Range of the Saltwater Crocodile in black The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the largest of all living reptiles. ...
Binomial name Oryx beisa Rüppell, 1835 The East African Oryx (Oryx beisa, also known as the Beisa Oryx) found in steppe and semi-desert throughout the Horn of Africa and in parts of Tanzania. ...
Binomial name Kobus ellipsiprymnus (Ogilby, 1833) The Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) is an antelope found in Western, Central Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa. ...
Binomial name Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817 The White Rhinoceros original range (orange: Northern (C. s. ...
Binomial name Connochaetes gnou Fouche, 1823 The Black Wildebeest or White-tailed gnu (Connochaetes gnou) natural populations of this species, endemic to the southern region of Africa, have been almost completely exterminated, but the species has been reintroduced widely, both in private areas and nature reserves throughout most of Lesotho...
Binomial name Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1823) The Blue Wildebeest, is a large ungulate mammal of the genus Connochaetes,. Which grows to 1. ...
Binomial name Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882 Distribution of Equus grevyi The Grevys Zebra (Equus grevyi), sometimes known as the Imperial Zebra, is the largest species of zebra. ...
Binomial name Equus quagga Boddaert, 1785 The Plains Zebra (Equus quagga, formerly Equus burchelli) is the most common and geographically widespread form of zebra, once being found on plains and grasslands from the south of Ethiopia right through east Africa as far south as Angola and eastern South Africa. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Cape Mountain Zebra and Hartmanns Mountain Zebra, accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
Binomial name Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758 Equus hartmannae Matschie, 1898 Mountain Zebra consist of two species, namely the Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) and the Hartmanns Mountain Zebra (Equus hartmannae). ...
Binomial name Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904 The Giant Forest Hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni) is the largest wild member of the pig family Suidae. ...
Binomial name Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849 Male nyala. ...
Binomial name Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910 The Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni known in Ethiopian as Azagen) is an antelope found in high altitude woodland in a small part of central Ethiopia. ...
Binomial name Oryx gazella (Linnaeus, 1758) The gemsbok or gemsbuck (Oryx gazella) is a large African oryx antelope. ...
Binomial name Equus africanus Subspecies E. a. ...
African Manatees represent the least studied sirenians. ...
Australian megafauna See also: Australian megafauna {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Diprotodons | image = Diprotodon australis skull. ...
Binomial name Genyornis newtoni Stirling & Zietz, 1896 Genyornis (Genyornis newtoni) was a genus of large, flightless bird that lived in Australia until about 50,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name Megalania prisca (Richard Owen, 1860) Megalania prisca is an extinct giant monitor lizard. ...
Binomial name Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen, 1858) The Marsupial Lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) is an extinct species of carnivorous marsupial, (the largest Austrailan mammalian predator at that time) that lived in Australia from about 24 million years ago, during the late Oligocene, and became extinct about 50,000 years ago, during the...
Binomial name Palorchestes azael Palorchestes azael is an extinct species of marsupial. ...
Species Procoptodon was a genus of giant short-faced kangaroo living in Australia during the Pleistocene epoch. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801) Range of the Saltwater Crocodile in black The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the largest of all living reptiles. ...
Australian megafauna is a term used to describe a number of comparatively large animal species in Australia. ...
Eurasian megafauna Species Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus depressicornis There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ...
Species Bubalus quarlesi Bubalus depressicornis There are two species of anoa: the Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and the Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). ...
Binomial name Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 Asian Elephant range The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus), sometimes known by the name of its nominate subspecies (the Indian Elephant), is one of the three living species of elephant, and the only living species of the genus Elephas. ...
Trinomial name Panthera leo persica Meyer, 1826 Current distribution of the Asiatic Lion in the wild Synonyms Leo leo goojratensis (India) Leo leo persicus (Persia) The Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica; also known as Indian Lion) is a subspecies of the lion found only in India. ...
Binomial name Bos primigenius Subspecies Bos primigenius primigenius (Bojanus, 1827) Bos primigenius namadicus (Falconer, 1859) Bos primigenius mauretanicus (Thomas, 1881) See Ur (rune) for the rune. ...
Binomial name Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758 The Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) is a large even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of eastern Asia. ...
Binomial name Bos javanicus dAlton, 1823 The Banteng (Bos javanicus) is an ox that is found in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, and Bali. ...
Binomial name Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller, 1794 The Cave Bear (Ursus spelaeus) was a species of bear which lived in Europe during the Pleistocene and became extinct at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago. ...
Trinomial name Panthera leo spelaea Goldfuss, 1810 The cave lion, also known as the European or Eurasian cave lion, is an extinct feline known from fossils and a wide variety of prehistoric art. ...
Chalicotheres were a group of perissodactyl mammals that lived from 45 to 3. ...
Binomial name Panthera gombaszoegensis Kretzoi, 1938 The European jaguar (Panthera gombaszoegensis) lived about 1. ...
Gastornis is an extinct genus of large flightless birds that lived during the late Paleocene and Eocene periods of the Cenozoic. ...
Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (IPA gauɹ) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ...
Binomial name Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) Taxonomy The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is the only surviving member of the family Gavialidae, a long-established group of crocodile-like reptiles with long, narrow jaws. ...
Binomial name Elasmotherium sibiricus The Giant Unicorn (Elasmotherium sibiricus) was a two meter high, and six meter long rhinoceros with a single two meter long horn in the forehead. ...
Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as 5 million years ago and as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what is today the countries of China and India. ...
A Heck horse in Sababurg, Germany (2004) Heck horse in Haselünne, Germany (2004) The Heck horse is a breed of horse that resembles the extinct tarpan. ...
Heck Cattle, also called reconstructed aurochs, is a hardy breed of cattle (Bos taurus) often referred to by its promoters by the name of aurochs. (The aurochs was an extinct recent ancestor to modern cattle. ...
Species [1] Hyaenodon (hyaena-toothed) was an extinct genus of Hyaenodonts, a group of Creodonts. ...
Binomial name Indricotherium transouralicum (Pavlova, 1922) Indricotherium lived in Asia during the late Oligocene and early Miocene epoch of the Tertiary Period, The Indricotherium is known to have been the largest land mammal ever. ...
Binomial name Rhinoceros unicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) Indian Rhinoceros range The Indian Rhinoceros or the Great One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is a large mammal found in Nepal and in Assam, India. ...
Binomial name Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach, 1799) Megaloceros redirects here. ...
Binomial name Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 Javan Rhinoceros Range Subspecies Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis (extinct) Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus The Javan Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus is one of the rarest and most endangered large mammals anywhere in the world. ...
Kaluga (Huso dauricus) (various groups of sturgeons) are large predatory fish found in the Amur River basin. ...
Binomial name Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 The Kouprey (Bos sauveli also known as Kouproh) is a wild forest dwelling ox found mainly in northern Cambodia but also believed to be found in southern Laos, western Vietnam, and eastern Thailand. ...
Binomial name Mammuthus trogontherii The steppe mammoth is an extinct species of elephant that ranged over most of northern Eurasia during the Ice Ages of the Pleistocene. ...
Mammuthus meridionalis is an extinct species of elephant, a mammoth to be exact. ...
Binomial name Pangasianodon gigas Chevey, 1931 The Mekong giant catfish, Pangasianodon gigas, is a species of freshwater fish in the shark catfish family (family Pangasiidae) of order Siluriformes, native to the Mekong basin in Southeast Asia. ...
Binomial name Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) Moose range map The moose (so named in North America) or elk (in Europe), Alces alces, is the largest member of the deer family Cervidae, distinguished from the others by the palmate antlers of its males. ...
Binomial name Boselaphus tragocamelus Pall. ...
Trinomial name Equus ferus przewalskii (Poliakov, 1881) Range map Przewalskis Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii or Equus caballus przewalskii, classification is debated), pronounced in English as //, also known as the Asian Wild Horse or Mongolian Wild Horse, or Takhi, is the closest living wild relative of the domestic Horse. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801) Range of the Saltwater Crocodile in black The Saltwater or Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the largest of all living reptiles. ...
Stegodon is a genus of the extinct subfamily Stegodontinae of the order Proboscidea. ...
Binomial name Bison priscus Bojanus, 1827 The Steppe Wisent (Bison priscus) was a steppe bison found on steppes throughout Europe, Central Asia, Beringia and North America during the Quaternary. ...
Species See text. ...
Binomial name Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Fischer, 1814 Subspecies Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis The Sumatran Rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is the smallest extant rhinoceros species, as well as the one with the most fur, which allows it to survive at very high altitudes in Borneo and Sumatra. ...
The Syrian Camel is an extinct species of wild camel from Syria. ...
Binomial name Bubalus mindorensis (Heude, 1888) The Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis; previously Anoa mindorensis), Tamarao or Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo is a bovine endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines. ...
Trinomial name Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bengal Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a subspecies of tiger found in Bangladesh, Bengal region of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and in the south of Tibet. ...
Trinomial name Panthera tigris altaica Temminck, 1884 Distribution of the Siberian Tiger (in red) The Siberian Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is a rare subspecies of tiger (). Also known as the North China Tiger, Manchurian, Amur or Korean Tiger, it is the largest and one of the most powerful naturally occurring...
Binomial name Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Wisent or European Bison (Bison bonasus) (IPA: ) is a bison species and the heaviest land animal in Europe. ...
For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ...
Binomial name Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1807) The Woolly Rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, but survived the last ice age. ...
Binomial name Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766 Subspecies Bos grunniens grunniens Bos grunniens mutus The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia, as well as in Mongolia. ...
Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ...
This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...
Binomial name Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest species of deer in the world. ...
Thorolds deer has the scientific name Cervus Albirostris Przewalski. ...
Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Sambar Sambar, common name for several large dark brown and maned Asian deer, particularly for the Indian species, which attains a height of 102 to 160 cm (40 to 63 in) at the shoulder and may weigh as much as 272 kg (600 lb). ...
Binomial name Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 Père Davids deer (Elaphurus davidianus) is a species of deer known only in captivity. ...
Binomial name Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850 The Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a goat-antelope found in heavily forested areas of the Eastern Himalayas. ...
Binomial name Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 Ursus arctos range map. ...
Binomial name Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775 The Onager (Equus hemionus) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family and native to the deserts of Syria, Iran, India, and Tibet. ...
Binomial name Equus kiang , The Kiang (Equus kiang) is a large mammal belonging to the horse family. ...
Binomial name Tapirus indicus (Desmarest, 1819) The Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called the Asian Tapir, is the largest of the four species of tapir and the only one native to Asia. ...
Binomial name Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776) Natural range of . ...
North American megafauna Binomial name Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) Moose range map The moose (so named in North America) or elk (in Europe), Alces alces, is the largest member of the deer family Cervidae, distinguished from the others by the palmate antlers of its males. ...
Trinomial name Panthera leo atrox (Leidy, 1853) The American lion, also known as the North American or American cave lion, is an extinct feline known from fossils. ...
Binomial name Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies B. b. ...
Binomial name Bison antiquus Leidy, 1852 The Ancient Bison, Bison antiquus, was the most common large herbivore of the North American continent and is a direct ancestor of the living North American bison. ...
Binomial name Mammuthus columbi The Columbian Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) is an extinct species of elephant that inhabited North America between 100,000 and 9,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name Mammuthus exilis Maglio, 1970 The Pygmy Mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) was a dwarfed descendant of full-sized mammoths, possibly Mammuthus columbi, the Columbian Mammoth. ...
Binomial name Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach, 1799 For the rock band, see Wooly Mammoth (band). ...
Binomial name Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801) American Alligator range map The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the two living species of Alligator, a genus within the family Alligatoridae. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) The American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is one of the 4 species [] of New World crocodile and the most wide-spread in range. ...
Species Homotherium serum Homotherium latidens Homotherium aethiopicum Homotherium hadarensis Homotherium nestianus Homotherium nihowanensis Homotherium sainzelli Homotherium ultimum Homotherium crenatidens Homotherium cenatidens Homotherium is a machairodontine saber-toothed cat genus that lived approximately 3 million to 10,000 years ago in North America, Eurasia and Africa. ...
Species Aepycamelus alexandrae Aepycamelus bradyi Aepycamelus elrodi Aepycamelus giraffinus Aepycamelus latus Aepycamelus major Aepycamelus priscus Aepycamelus proceras Aepycamelus robustus Aepycamelus stocki Aepycamelus is an extinct species of camel, formerly called Alticamelus in scientific literature. ...
Species Camelops sulcatus Camelops huerfanensis Camelops kansanus Camelops traviswhitei Camelops hesternus Camelops minidokae Camelops is an extinct genus of camels that once roamed western North America, where it appeared about 45 million years ago. ...
Binomial name Rangifer tarandus The reindeer, known as caribou in North America, is an Arctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus). ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
For the fictional monster from the Dungeons & Dragons universe, see dire animal. ...
Trinomial name Ursus arctos horribilis (Ord, 1815) Range map The grizzly bear, sometimes called the silvertip bear, is a powerful brownish-yellow bear that lives in the uplands of western North America. ...
Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ...
Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ...
Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ...
Megatheriinae were a subfamily of elephant-sized ground sloths that lived from 2 million to 8,000 years ago. ...
Bison latifrons is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene. ...
Binomial name Mammut americanum Blumenbach, 1799 Mammut americanum is an extinct species of mastodont proboscid. ...
Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ...
Binomial name Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774 Polar bear range Synonyms Thalarctos maritimus The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), also known as the white bear, northern bear, sea bear, ice bear or nanuq in some Inuit languages, is a species of bear that is native to the Arctic and the apex predator...
Species Smilodon californicus Smilodon fatalis Smilodon gracilis Smilodon populator The large extinct cats known as smilodon lived approximately 3 million-10,000 years ago in North America and South America. ...
Binomial name Smilodon populator Lund, 1842 Smilodon populator (the Smilodon that brings devastation) was a machairodontine saber-toothed cat species. ...
Arctodus, also known as the Short-Faced Bear, is a genus of extinct bear. ...
This article is about red deer. ...
Binomial name Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780 For the Eurasian Black Bear, see Asiatic Black Bear. ...
Binomial name Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780) The Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) is a bovine noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor of the male. ...
Central & South American megafauna Binomial name Eunectes murinus Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms Boa murina Linnaeus, 1758 Boa scytale Linnaeus, 1758 Boa gigas Latreille, 1802 Eunectes barbouri Dunn & Conant, 1936 The Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) is an anaconda. ...
Binomial name Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825 The Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) is a threatened species, related to alligators. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Doedicurus was a prehistoric glyptodont, living around 2 million to 15,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name Geochelone nigra (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) The Galápagos tortoise (or giant Galápagos tortoise), Geochelone nigra, is the largest living tortoise. ...
For the fictional monster from the Dungeons & Dragons universe, see dire animal. ...
The Litopterna, also known as the pseudo-horse, is an order of fossil mammals from the Tertiary Period that displays toe reduction. ...
For other uses, see Jaguar (disambiguation). ...
Families Rathymotheriidae Scelidotheriidae Mylodontidae Orophodontidae Megalonychidae Megatheriidae Ground sloths are extinct edentate (Order Xenarthra) mammals that are believed to be relatives of tree sloths and three-toed sloths. ...
Binomial name Crocodylus intermedius Graves, 1819 The Orinoco Crocodile Crocodylus intermedius is a crocodilian found in freshwater in northern South America, in particular the Orinoco river. ...
Species Lama glama Lama pacos Lama huonaeus Lama, the modern genus name for a small group of closely allied animals, which, before the Spanish conquest of the Americas, were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent. ...
Species Tapirus bairdii Tapirus indicus Tapirus pinchaque Tapirus terrestris Tapirs (IPA:ˈteɪpər, pronounced as in taper, or IPA:təˈpɪər, pronounced as in tap-ear) are large browsing mammals, roughly pig-like in shape, with short, prehensile snouts. ...
The Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) is one of the three species of tapir found in Latin America. ...
Binomial name Tapirus pinchaque The mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) is the smallest of the four species of tapir and is the only one to live outside of tropical rainforests in the wild. ...
Binomial name Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 Overview. ...
Synonyms Phororhacosidae Ameghino, 1889 Phororhacidae Lydekker, 1893 Brontornithidae Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 Darwinornithidae Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 Stereornithidae Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 Patagornithidae Mercerat, 1897 Devincenziidae Kraglievich, 1932 Mesembriorniidae Kraglievich, 1932 Phorusrhacidae Brodkorb, 1963 Phorusrhacoids were large carnivorous flightless birds that were the dominant predators in South America during the Cenozoic, 62-2. ...
Binomial name Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883) The Amazonian Manatee Trichechus inunguis is a species of manatee that lives in the freshwater habitats of the Amazon River and its tributaries. ...
[[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}} [[Image:{{{range_map}}}|{{{range_map_width}}}|]] Synonyms {{{synonyms}}} The West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) is a manatee, and the largest member of the aquatic mammal order Sirenia (which also includes the Dugong and Stellers Sea Cow). ...
Binomial name Toxodon platensis Owen, 1837 Toxodon is a genus of mammals, similar to the capybara but now extinct, that lived in the late Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs in South America. ...
Island megafauna Species Aepyornis hildebrandti Aepyornis medius Aepyornis maximus Aepyornis is an extinct genus of flightless bird. ...
Genera Anomalopteryx (bush moa) Euryapteryx Megalapteryx (upland moa) Dinornis (giant moa) Emeus Pachyornis Moa were giant flightless birds native to New Zealand. ...
Ocean megafauna Families Balaenidae Balaenopteridae Eschrichtiidae Neobalaenidae Scientifically known as the Mysticeti, the baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form a suborder of the order cetacea. ...
Binomial name Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765) The Basking Shark (Cetorhinus maximus), also known as the Bone Shark, is the second largest fish alive, after the Whale Shark. ...
Genera Berardius Hyperoodon Indopacetus Mesoplodon Tasmacetus Ziphius A beaked whale is any of at least 20 species of small whale in the family Ziphiidae. ...
Binomial name Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776) Beluga range This article is about the whale. ...
Bluefin tuna may mean any of several species of tuna: Northern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus orientalis This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Binomial name Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni Robson, 1925 The Colossal Squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni), sometimes called the Antarctic or Giant Cranch Squid, is believed to be the largest squid species. ...
Binomial name Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776) Natural range of . ...
Species M. leonina M. angustirostris Elephant seals are large, oceangoing mammals in the genus Mirounga, in the earless seal family (Phocidae). ...
Binomial name Tridacna gigas Linnaeus, 1758 The giant clam (Tridacna gigas) or traditionally, pa’ua, is the largest living bivalve mollusk. ...
Binomial name Epinephelus lanceolatus Bloch, 1790 The Giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) is also known as the Brindle Bass and as the Queensland Grouper in Australia. ...
Binomial name Stereolepis gigas (Ayres, 1859) The giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas), also known as the black sea bass, is a fish native to the northern Pacific Ocean. ...
Species Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 ?Architeuthis hartingii Verrill, 1875 ?Architeuthis japonica Pfeffer, 1912 ?Architeuthis kirkii Robson, 1887 ?Architeuthis martensi (Hilgendorf, 1880) ?Architeuthis physeteris (Joubin, 1900) ?Architeuthis sanctipauli (Velain, 1877) ?Architeuthis stockii (Kirk, 1882) Synonyms Architeuthus Steenstrup, 1857 Dinoteuthis More, 1875 Dubioteuthis Joubin, 1900 Megaloteuthis Kent, 1874 Megateuthis Hilgendorf, 1880 Mouchezis...
Binomial name Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) The goliath grouper or itajara (Epinephelus itajara) is a large saltwater fish of the grouper family. ...
Binomial name Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) Range (in blue) The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also known as white pointer, white shark, or white death, is an exceptionally large lamniforme shark found in coastal surface waters in all major oceans. ...
Binomial name Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) This page redirects from Chelonia, which is the genus name of this turtle, but has also been used for the order Testudines of all turtles and tortoises. ...
Binomial name Somniosus microcephalus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Range of the Greenland shark The Greenland shark, Somniosus microcephalus, also known as the sleeper shark, gurry shark, ground shark or grey shark, is a large shark native to the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean around Greenland and Iceland. ...
Binomial name Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville, 1820) The Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is one of the true seals belonging to the family Phocidae. ...
Binomial name Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) The Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is the biggest of all turtles alive, reaching a length of 2 m (6. ...
Species Trichechus inunguis Trichechus manatus Trichechus senegalensis For the record label, see Manatee Records. ...
Binomial name Manta birostris Dondorff, 1798 Hello wikipedia. ...
Species Makaira indica Makaira mazara Makaira nigricans Makaira (Latin via Greek: sword) is a genus of marlins and spearfishes. ...
For the song by Mastodon, see Leviathan (album). ...
Binomial name Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno and Struhsaker, 1983 The megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios, is an extremely rare and unusual species of shark, discovered in 1976, with 37 specimens known to be caught or sighted as of 2006. ...
Binomial name Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758 Narwhal range The Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) is a creature rarely found south of latitude 70°N. It is one of two species of whale in the Monodontidae family (the other is the beluga whale). ...
Genera Agrostichthys Regalecus Oarfish are large, greatly elongated, pelagic Lampriform fish comprising the small family Regalecidae. ...
Binomial name Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, is the largest bony fish in the world. ...
Genera See text. ...
Species Lampris guttatus Lampris immaculatus Opah (also known colloquially as moonfish, sunfish, kingfish, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colourful, deep-bodied pelagic lampridiform fish comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelt Lamprididae). ...
Binomial name Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944 The Pacific sleeper shark, Somniosus pacificus, is a sleeper shark of the family Dalatiidae, found circumglobally on continental shelves and slopes in temperate waters between latitudes 70° N and 47° S, from the surface to 2,000 m. ...
Binomial name Lamna nasus Bonnaterre, 1788 The Porbeagle (Lamna nasus) is a large pelagic predatory shark. ...
See: Sawfish is a window manager for Unix systems running X. Sawfish is a type of cartilaginous fish. ...
Genera Kogia Physeter The sperm whale family or simply the sperm whales is the collective name given to three species of whale, the Sperm Whale, the Pygmy Sperm Whale and the Dwarf Sperm Whale. ...
Binomial name Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780) Stellers Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) is an extinct large sirenian mammal formerly found near the Asiatic coast of the Bering Sea. ...
Binomial name Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776) The Stellers sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus), also known as the Northern Sea Lion, is a sea lion of the temperate eastern Pacific, named by Georg Steller. ...
Species For species see text. ...
Binomial name Galeocerdo cuvier Péron & Lesueur 1822 Tiger shark range The tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, one of the largest sharks, is the only member of the genus Galeocerdo. ...
Species See text. ...
Binomial name Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies Walruses are large semi-aquatic mammals that live in the cold Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. ...
Binomial name Rhincodon typus (Smith, 1828) Range of whale shark The whale shark, Rhincodon typus, is a gentle and slow filter feeding shark that is the largest living fish species. ...
Arctic megafauna Binomial name Rangifer tarandus The reindeer, known as caribou in North America, is an Arctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus). ...
Species M. leonina M. angustirostris Elephant seals are large, oceangoing mammals in the genus Mirounga, in the earless seal family (Phocidae). ...
For the fictional monster from the Dungeons & Dragons universe, see dire animal. ...
Species Camelops sulcatus Camelops huerfanensis Camelops kansanus Camelops traviswhitei Camelops hesternus Camelops minidokae Camelops is an extinct genus of camels that once roamed western North America, where it appeared about 45 million years ago. ...
Binomial name Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach, 1799) Megaloceros redirects here. ...
Species Mammuthus africanavus African mammoth Mammuthus columbi Columbian mammoth Mammuthus exilis Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus jeffersonii Jeffersonian mammoth Mammuthus trogontherii Steppe mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis Mammuthus subplanifrons South African mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Woolly mammoth Mammuthus lamarmorae Sardinian Dwarf Mammoth A mammoth is any of a number of an extinct genus of proboscidean...
Binomial name Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780) The Musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) is a bovine noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor of the male. ...
Binomial name Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774 Polar bear range Synonyms Thalarctos maritimus The polar bear (Ursus maritimus), also known as the white bear, northern bear, sea bear, ice bear or nanuq in some Inuit languages, is a species of bear that is native to the Arctic and the apex predator...
Species Smilodon californicus Smilodon fatalis Smilodon gracilis Smilodon populator Smilodon floridus Smilodon neogaeus Smilodon SMILE-o-don (a bahuvrihi from Greek: σμιλη knife and (Ionic) οδων tooth) is an extinct genus of large machairodontine saber-toothed cats that are understood to have lived between approximately 3 million to 10,000 years ago...
Binomial name Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies Walruses are large semi-aquatic mammals that live in the cold Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. ...
Domestic megafauna Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ...
This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ...
This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article is about the pig genus. ...
See also The large size of a polar bear allows it to radiate less heat in a cold climate. ...
In evolutionary biology, Copes rule states that population lineages tend to increase body size over geological time. ...
A Giant isopod (Bathynomus giganteus) In zoology, deep-sea gigantism, also known as abyssal gigantism, is the tendency for species of crustaceans, invertebrates and other deep-sea dwelling animals to display a larger size than their shallow-water counterparts. ...
Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ...
Island gigantism is a biological phenomenon by which the size of animals isolated on an island increases dramatically over generations. ...
The following is a list of megafauna recently discovered by western science (with their respective date of discovery), but which may have been known to native peoples in some areas. ...
Pleistocene megafauna is the term used to describe the larger species of mammals, birds and reptiles that lived on earth during the Pleistocene era. ...
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