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Gija is an ancestor of Gihu (기후,箕詡) who was an emperor of Beojoseon. His family name was Gi (箕) and given name was Seoyeo (胥餘/서여 xūyú). "Ja" means a Viscount appointed by a king. It is said that the tribal name of him is Suyu (trachi=須臾, hangul=수유, py=xūyú). Since the title of Viscount of Gi was bestowed on him, he is usually called Gija. Thus, if someone was appointed as a Viscount who has family name of Gi, it is very hard to differentiate from each other. Actually, there were another person in Shang dynasty who has the same family name and was appointed as a Viscount (Hereafter, this person will be called Jizi because it is Chinese pronunciation of "Gija"). The confused name Jizi or Viscount of Ji was a semi-legendary Chinese sage who was said to fled toward Beonjoseon in the 12th century BC. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... For other uses, see Hangul (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Sino-Korean be merged into this article or section. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean (Korean: 국어의 로마자 표기법; 國語의 로마字 表記法) is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiǎntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiǎnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... The Shāng Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or YÄ«n Dynasty (殷代) (ca. ...

Legend and analysis

As time has passed, legends about Jizi have become more and more numerous, leading many to argue that much of his story is fictional.

It is very interesting that the tomb of Jizi is found in Shandong province in China, which demonstrates that the records about Jizi in Chinese history books are not true.^[1] If Jizi were sent to Gojoseon, and the Jizi is really the same person with Gija, the Shandong peninsula must have been occupied by Gojoseon. However, the Shandong province had never been the territory of Gojoseon. Thus, the records that Jizi went to Gojoseon is generally negated in Korean history because of its lack of evidence.^[2] It is generally exaplained that, after Han dynasty unified China, Chinese historian fabricated that Jizi went to Gojoseon. This can be proved by the book titled Chu-shu chi-nien (竹書紀年) and Confucian Analects (論語), which firstly describes Jizi, do not say anything about going to Gojoseon.^[3]   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ...

Archaeological evidence suggest that a state in Liaoning was ruled by Gihu, and Gihu may be the model of Jizi. Joseon-sango-sa written by Che-ho Shin and Hwandan gogi say that Gija was an ancestor of the Beonjoseon's king Gihoo (기후,箕詡), and archaeological evidence such as Jizi's tomb suggests that the Gija of Beonjoseon is different person from Jizi because the tomb of Jizi is found in Shandong of current China. In history books, Gi or Ji (箕) is to represent the family name of Sooyoo(수유,須臾) tribe who lived around Liaoning, and ja or zi (子) is to represent a Viscount. Thus, the Jizi who is descrbied in Chinese history books is different from Gija who is described in Korean history book.   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Shāndōng; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Liáoníng) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

A Pre-Han-Dynasty document simply says that he was a virtuous man of the Shang royal family who was an uncle of and served as Grand Tutor (太師/태사) and of Zhou, last king of Shang. As Confucius said, he was highly admired as an ideal ruler in ancient China. The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Shāng Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or YÄ«n Dynasty (殷代) (ca. ... King Di Xin of Shang of China, in chinese:帝辛, born Zi Shou, in chinese:子受. Was the last king of the Shang Dynasty. ... Shang Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or Yin Dynasty (殷代) (1600 BC - 1046 BC) followed the legendary Xia Dynasty and preceded the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC) in China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ...

Chinese document during the Han Dynasty or later add another record. According to Sima Qian's Shi Ji, he is said to have fled to Joseon when Shang was overthrown by Zhou. King Wu of Zhou appointed Gija to Joseon, thus he was not a vassal of Wu (於是武王乃封箕子於朝鮮而不臣也). Chinese historian exaggerate the interpretation of "appoint" or "封." The character of 封 means the appointing someone as a vassal. But, Chinese historian interpreted the character of "封" or "appoint" as appointing someone as a king. It is very strangely that Shi Ji by Sima Qian put this story at the section of the Song ruling family but does not mention it at section of Joseon, leading to suggest that Joseon of Wi Man, recorded by Sima Qian, was not the state established by Jizi. The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Records of the Grand Historian or the Records of the Grand Historian of China was the magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the mythical Yellow Emperor until his own time. ... Gija Joseon (around 1126 BC - 194 BC) describes the period after the alleged arrival of Gija in northern Korean peninsula. ... Alternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE - 705 CE) The Zhou Dynasty (周朝; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty) (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC - 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ... Wiman Joseon (194 BC - 108 BC) was the continuation of Go-Joseon, founded by Wiman. ...

Weilue, which was complied during the Kingdom of Wei (220-265) or later, inserts a record about Jizi's descendants. According to it, Jizi's descendants remained in Chaoxian and referred themselves as king after the Zhou Dynasty declined. Last king Joon (준, 準) was expelled in 193 B.C. by Wiman, who was a Yan Chinese and had fled to Chaoxian. Joon fled to the south and proclaimed himself heavenly king of Mahan. This story seems to have spread to China because of the implication of a Chinese rule of the Korean peninsula. Some in China trust it while others think it is a fiction, due to the record in Geography of Hanshu from Han Dynasty that Jizi settled in western part of Manchuria west of Liao River. The Weilue (Chinese: ; pinyin: Wèilüè; Wade-Giles: Wei-lüeh) written by Yu Huan (Chinese: ; pinyin: YÇ” Huàn) between CE 239, the end of Emperor Ming’s reign, and 265 CE, the end of the Cao Wei (220-265 CE). ... The Kingdom of Wei (ch. ... Wei Man (衛滿 Pinyin: Wei4 man3) was a Chinese general who established the Wiman Joseon kingdom in northwestern Korea in the 2nd century BC. He was the first figure in the history of Korea who was recorded in documents of the same age. ... Dave Reid is the most beautiful man on Earth. ... Mahan was a tribal confederation in Iron Age Korea around the beginning of the Common Era. ... The Book of Han (Ch: 漢書, Hanshu) is a classic Chinese historical writing covering the history of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE-9 CE). ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Liao He (Liao River) is the principal river in southern Manchuria. ...

Therefore, documents before Han dynasty say that Jizi is a man of integrity, moral principle and profound learning, but do not say that he ruled Joseon. Korean historians have three main arguments. They are positive, negative, and partial positive arguments. Positive arguments are based on Yi Seung-Hyoo's Jewang-unki which was published in 1287. He assumed that Dangun founded pre-Joseon and Jizi founded post-Joseon which symbolize more civilized. This led to strong positive recognition later in Joseon Dynasty(1392-1910) among trucklers, who admired that a Chinese wiseman civilized the ancient Joseon, whose name is same as the dynasty. Negative arguments are based on modern views which came out with necessity of a close examination of Jizi Joseon. These argues that there was a kind of interchange of ruler families inside of Joseon and are pointing out the last king Zhun's last name "Han"(한) which is not "Ji"(Gi, 기). Partial positive arguments claimed that Ji family who had been the feudal lords of Shang was one of Dongyi family which moved from near Shanxi to near Pyongyang, and founded an independent nation later. There are more arguments, and Jizi Joseon is now considered to be a hypothesis. For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Dangun is the mythical founder of Korea. ... The Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) (also Choson), sometimes known as the Yi Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by General Yi Seonggye in what is modern day Korea, and lasted for five centuries as one of the worlds longest running monarchies. ... Events December 16 - Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu, ending the nanboku-cho period of competing imperial courts James of Jülich is boiled alive for pretending to be a bishop and ordaining his own priests Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty General... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Dongyi (東夷) was a collective term for people in the east of China. ... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Pyongyang is the capital city of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at (39. ...

References

1. ^ infobase.gov.cn – The tomb of Jizi is currently found in China
2. ^ dbpia.co.kr
3. ^ 100.naver.com