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Dr. Gill Langley

Gill Langley is a British zoologist and writer who specializes in animal rights and animal protection issues in relation to the use of animals in research. She is scientific consultant to the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) and the Dr. Hadwen Trust for Humane Research. She is a former member of the British government's Animal Procedures Committee, and a current member of the Replacement Advisory Group of the British National Centre for the Three Rs, founded by Lord Sainsbury. ^[1] She is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. ^[2] Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Zoology is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ... The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... The Animal Procedures Committee advises the British Home Secretary on matters related to animal experimentation in the UK. The function of the committee was made a statutory requirement by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (the Act), which mandates that it should have at least 12 members, excluding the chair. ... David John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville (born 24 October 1940) is a British businessman, politician and life peer for the Labour Party. ... The Logo and Coat of Arms of the Society. ...

Langley is the author of Next of Kin (2006), a report on primate experimentation published by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection with a foreword by primatologist Jane Goodall, Vegan Nutrition (1995), and editor of Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes (1990), a collection of essays on animal research by leading scientists and philosophers, including Mary Midgley. Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... Jane Goodall Dame Jane Goodall, DBE (born April 3, 1934) is an English primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, probably best-known for conducting a forty-five year study of chimpanzee social and family life, as director of the Jane Goodall Institute in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. ... Mary Midgley, née Scrutton, (b. ...

Education

Langley studied physiology, cell biology and zoology for her bachelor's degree at Cambridge University's Department of Zoology, then gained her Ph.D in neurochemistry, also from Cambridge. She took up a position as a research fellow at Nottingham University, specializing in neurophysiology in cell culture. Zoology is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ... © University of Nottingham   The University of Nottingham is a leading research and teaching university in the city of Nottingham, in the East Midlands of England. ...

Involvement in animal protection

Animal rights
Activists
Greg Avery David Barbarash Steven Best Rod Coronado Barry Horne Keith Mann Ingrid Newkirk Alex Pacheco Robin Webb
Groups
Animal Aid Animal Liberation Front Animal Rights Militia BUAV Great Ape Project Justice Department PETA  · SPEAK SHAC  · Viva!
Issues
Animal rights Animal testing Covance Great Apes Huntingdon Speciesism
Experiments
Britches Cambridge University Pit of despair Silver Spring monkeys Unnecessary Fuss
Writers
Steven Best Jeremy Bentham Stephen R. L. Clark Gary Francione Gill Langley Tom Regan Richard D. Ryder Peter Singer Steven M. Wise
Category
AL movement

Described as "not what some would regard as a typical animal rights campaigner," ^[2] Langley is herself a former animal researcher who decided she could not justify the experiments her employment required her to conduct. She subsequently took up a position as scientific advisor to the BUAV. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1525x1219, 1297 KB) Orangutan Photo taken by Kabir Bakie at the Cincinnati Zoo August 6, 2005 [ http://www. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Greg Avery (born 1963), also known as Greg Jennings and Greg Harrison, is a British animal rights activist and co-founder of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an international campaign to force the closure of Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), a controversial animal-testing company with bases in Huntingdon, England, and... David Barbarash is the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front. ... -1... Rod Coronado Rodney Adam Coronado is an American eco-anarchist and animal rights activist. ... Barry Horne Barry Horne was a British animal rights activist who died of kidney failure in Ronkswood Hospital, Worcester on November 5, 2001, following a series of four hunger strikes while serving an 18-year sentence for planting incendiary devices. ... Keith Mann is a British animal-rights campaigner, believed to be a senior Animal Liberation Front activist. ... Ingrid Newkirk, co-founder and president of PETA Ingrid Newkirk (born July 11, 1949) is a British-born animal rights activist, author, and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the worlds largest animal rights organization. ... Alex Pacheco is an animal rights activist and co-founder (and former chairman) of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). ... Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ... Animal Aid is the United Kingdoms largest animal rights group and one of the longest established in the world, having been founded in 1977. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is a name used by animal-rights activists who are prepared to carry out acts of violence against human beings. ... The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... The logo of The Great Ape Project, which aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ... The Justice Department is a militant animal-rights organization, set up in Britain in 1993, and active there and in the United States. ... Logo of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ... SPEAK is a British animal rights campaign that aims to end animal experimentation and vivisection in the UK. The campaign was born out of Stop Primate Experimentation at Cambridge (SPEAC), [1] a campaign set up to oppose the construction at the University of Cambridge of a new primate research facility... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ... Viva!, or Vegetarians International Voice For Animals, Founded by Juliet Gellatley in 1995, is an animal-rights based organisation which promotes vegetarianism and veganism. ... The logo of the Great Ape Project, which is campaigning for a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ... Covance (NYSE: CVD), formerly Hazleton Laboratories, with headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, is one of the worlds largest and most comprehensive drug development services companies, according to its own website, with annual revenues over $1 billion, global operations in 17 countries, and approximately 6,700 employees worldwide. ... The Great Ape Project, founded by Italian philosopher Paola Cavalieri and Australian philosopher Peter Singer, is campaigning to have the United Nations endorse a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) is a contract animal-testing company founded in 1952 in England, now with facilities in Huntingdon in the United Kingdom, New Jersey in the United States, and Japan. ... The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is disputed. ... Britches after being removed from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front Britches was the name given by researchers to a stumptail macaque monkey who was born into a breeding colony at the University of California, Riverside in March 1985. ... A marmoset inside Cambridge University, filmed by BUAV The use of primates in experiments at Cambridge University is controversial, first coming to widespread public attention in the UK following undercover investigations lasting ten months in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), the results of which... The pit of despair, sometimes called the well of despair, is the name of an experiment conducted on rhesus macaque monkeys by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow at the University of Wisconsin during the 1970s. ... The Silver Spring monkeys were 17 monkeys kept in small wire cages inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, by Dr. Edward Taub, who was researching regeneration of severed nerves with a grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH). ... Unnecessary Fuss is the name of a film produced by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), showing footage shot inside the University of Pennsylvanias Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia, described by the university as the longest standing and most respected center... -1... Jeremy Bentham (IPA: ) (February 15, 1748 O.S. (February 26, 1748 N.S.) – June 6, 1832) was an English jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. ... Dr. Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark (born October 30, 1945) is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy and Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. ... Gary Lawrence Francione (1954) is an American law professor at Rutgers University. ... Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Richard D. Ryder (born 1940) is a British psychologist who, after performing psychology experiments on animals, began to speak out against the practice, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation and animal rights movements. ... Peter Albert David Singer (born July 6, 1946 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is an Australian Humanist and philosopher. ... Steven M. Wise is the author of Though the Heavens May Fall, a book concerning the 18th century trial in England which led to the abolition of slavery. ...

She was a member of the Animal Procedures Committee for eight years, which advises the British Home Office on issues related to animal testing, and has acted as an advisor to the government on the introduction of the new European Union Chemicals legislation, REACH. She has served as a specialist consultant for the European Commission and for the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). ^[1] She was called as an expert witness in 2001 by the House of Lords Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures during its inquiry into animal experimentation in the UK. ^[3] The Animal Procedures Committee advises the British Home Secretary on matters related to animal experimentation in the UK. The function of the committee was made a statutory requirement by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (the Act), which mandates that it should have at least 12 members, excluding the chair. ... The modern concept of Small Office and Home Office or SoHo , or Small or Home Office deals with the category of business which can be from 1 to 10 workers. ... The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ... The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ...

In April 2006, she was a member of the panel at the Oxford Union that debated whether "This house would not test on animals." Opposing the motion were Laurie Pycroft — who founded Pro-Test, which organized the debate — Sir Colin Blakemore, Professor John Stein and Professor Lord Robert Winston. ^[4] Supporting the motion, along with Langley, were Dr Andrew Knight, Uri Geller and BUAV campaigns director Alistair Currie. ^[5] The motion was defeated by 273 to 48. Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a private debating society in the city of Oxford, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford. ... Pro-Test is a British group that promotes and supports animal testing in medical research. ... Colin Blakemore is a neurobiologist specialising in vision. ... The Right Honourable Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston (born 15 July 1940 to Jewish parents) is a British scientist and politician, and is currently a Professor of Human Fertility at Imperial College London. ... Uri Geller Uri Geller (born December 20, 1946 in Tel Aviv, Israel) is a famous but controversial television personality and alleged psychic. ...

Position on animal research

Langley's told The Guardian that she does not rule out animal testing entirely, ^[6] but argues that the legislation supposed to protect the 2.7 million animals currently used each year in the UK is inadequate, and that more money should be invested in developing alternatives, such as in-vitro and clinical studies. She told the BBC: "When you know that other animals can feel pain and distress in the same ways that humans do, it is unethical to experiment on them." ^[7] She argues that because the British government's budget for alternatives is subdivided into different areas, what each area receives is "barely enough to fund one research project." ^[8] The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ...

She is particularly opposed to the use of non-human primates in xenotransplantation, where pig organs are grafted onto the necks of primates to test anti-rejection drugs. She told medical journalists Jenny Bryan and John Clare that the primates used in xenotransplantation research will be subjected to a large number of traumatic procedures such as major surgery; internal haemorrhages; isolation in small cages; repeated blood sampling; wound infections; nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea because of immunosuppressant drugs; kidney or heart failure; and eventually death. ^[2] She said: "It's not just the suffering they endure in the laboratories and research establishments. Just getting there can be torture. Studies of primates show them to have complex mental abilities which may increase their capacity to suffer. Supplying the laboratories in the UK imposes huge suffering on the animals. It involves capturing wild individuals, usually in Africa. They're then contained in small, single cages, and transported for very long distances causing deaths, distress and suffering." ^[2] Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from one species to another such as from pigs to humans. ... Trauma can represent: Physical trauma, an often serious and body-altering physical injury, such as the removal of a limb. ... Hemorrhage (alternate spelling is Haemorrhage) is the medical term meaning bleeding. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...

Next of Kin

Langley's report, Next of Kin (2006), argues that monkeys suffer the same kind of pain, anxiety and anticipation as human beings would if placed in the same situations. David Morton, professor of Biomedical Science & Ethics at the University of Birmingham, called the report a "wake-up call to some scientists to raise their game in their justification and ways they use non-human primates in research." ^[9] The University of Birmingham is an English university in the city of Birmingham. ...

Langley told New Scientist: "It’s not that they are so much like us they shouldn’t be experimented on. It comes down to pain and suffering. Like humans, they know the pain is coming, they remember pain and are susceptible to non-physical pain, suffering anxiety if they’re isolated socially from other monkeys." ^[10] Langley says that there is "no halfway house": "We can argue about the science forever, but what I’ve never heard is any clear scientific explanation for moral discrimination." Her report cites studies suggesting that humans and great apes — currently not used in experiments in the UK — as well as macaques and other monkeys are more conscious of themselves and others than was previously believed, giving them an equivalent moral status. ^[10] New Scientist cover - 18 December 2004 New Scientist is a weekly international science magazine covering recent developments in science and technology for a general English-speaking audience. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or knowing man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ... Genera Subfamily Ponginae Pongo - Orangutans Gigantopithecus (extinct) Sivapithecus (extinct) Subfamily Homininae Gorilla - Gorillas Pan - Chimpanzees Homo - Humans Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Pierolapithecus (extinct) (tentative) The Hominids (Hominidae) are a biological family which includes humans, extinct species of humanlike creatures and the other great apes... Type Species Simia inuus Linnaeus, 1758 = Simia sylvanus Linnaeus, 1758 Species See text. ... Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise qualities such as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and ones environment. ...

Publications

• Next of Kin: A Report on the Use of Primates in Experiments PDF, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection and European Coalition to End Animal Experiments (ECEAE), 2006.
• Vegan Nutrition. The Vegan Society, 1995. ISBN 090733718X
• Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes. MacMillan, 1989. ISBN 041202411X
• "Plea for a Sensitive Science" in Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes. MacMillan, 1989
• "Acute Toxicity Testing Without Animals" PDF, ECEAE, 2005.
• "Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals - A Non-animal Testing Approach" PDF, Green Party, 2004.
• "Chemical Safety & Animal Testing: A Regulatory Smokescreen?" PDF, ECEAE, 2004.
• "The Way Forward: Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy," Part 1 PDF, Part 2 PDF, ECEAE, 2004.

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Notes

1. ^ ^a b Langley, Gill. "Next of Kin: A Report on the Use of Primates in Experiments" PDF, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, June 2006.
2. ^ ^a b c d Bryan, Jenny & Clare, John. Organ Farms. Carlton, 2001. excerpt
3. ^ "Examination of Witnesses (Questions 382-399)", Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures, United Kingdom Parliament, retrieved July 15, 2006.
4. ^ Asthana, Anushka. "Pro-Test in support of animal experiments", The Observer, April 30, 2006.
5. ^ Alistair Currie's speech to the Oxford Union, BUAV, retrieved July 15, 2006.
6. ^ Burch, Druin. "The sceptic", The Guardian, March 2, 2006.
7. ^ "Reduce animal testing, Lords urge", BBC News, July 24, 2002.
8. ^ Nature 417, 684−687; 2002.
9. ^ "Paul Homles, MP for Chesterfield, to chair debate on primate testing", Politics.co.uk, May 31, 2006.
10. ^ ^a b Coghlan, Andy. "Report claims experiments on monkeys are vital", New Scientist, June 2, 2006.

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References

• Asthana, Anushka. "Pro-Test in support of animal experiments", The Observer, April 30, 2006.
• Bryan, Jenny & Clare, John. Organ Farms. Carlton, 2001.
• Burch, Druin. "The sceptic", The Guardian, March 2, 2006.
• Coghlan, Andy. "Report claims experiments on monkeys are vital", New Scientist, June 2, 2006.
• Langley, Gill. "Next of Kin: A Report on the Use of Primates in Experiments" PDF, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, June 2006.
• Alistair Currie's speech to the Oxford Union, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection, retrieved July 15, 2006.
• "Examination of Witnesses (Questions 382-399)", Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures, United Kingdom Parliament, retrieved July 15, 2006.
• "Paul Homles, MP for Chesterfield, to chair debate on primate testing", Politics.co.uk, May 31, 2006.

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Audio

• Interview with Gill Langley, Today, BBC Radio Four, September 7, 2004, retrieved July 16, 2006.