Giorgio de Chirico
Giorgio de Chirico in 1936 photographed by Carl Van Vechten.
Birth name	Giorgio de Chirico
Born	July 10, 1888 Volos, Greece
Died	November 20, 1978 Rome, Italy
Nationality	Greeks-Greek-Italian
Field	Painting
Training	Academy of Fine Arts in Munich
Movement	pre-Surrealism

Giorgio de Chirico (July 10, 1888 – November 20, 1978) was an influential pre-Surrealist Greek-Italian painter born in Volos, Greece, to a Genovese mother and a Sicilian father. He founded the scuola metafisica art movement. Image File history File links Giorgio_de_Chirico_(portrait). ... Carl Van Vechten (June 17, 1880 – December 21, 1964) was an American writer and photographer who was a patron of the Harlem Renaissance and the literary executor of Gertrude Stein. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about Volos, Greece. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... For other uses , see Painting (disambiguation). ... Akademie der Bildenden Künste München New Building Panoramic view of the Academy The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) was founded 1808 by Maximilian I of Bavaria in Munich as the Royal Academy of Fine Arts... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Max Ernst. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Max Ernst. ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... This article is about Volos, Greece. ... Metaphysical art is art based on the interpretation of dreams. ...

Life and works

Love Song 1914

After studying art in Athens and Florence, De Chirico moved to Germany in 1906 and entered the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he read the writings of the philosophers Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer, and studied the works of Arnold Böcklin and Max Klinger. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (831x1030, 147 KB)Love Song by Giorgio de Chirico. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (831x1030, 147 KB)Love Song by Giorgio de Chirico. ... Love Song (1914) is a painting by the Greek/Italian artist Giorgio de Chirico. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ... This article is about the city in Italy. ... Akademie der Bildenden Künste München New Building Panoramic view of the Academy The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (German: Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) was founded 1808 by Maximilian I of Bavaria in Munich as the Royal Academy of Fine Arts... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a nineteenth-century German philologist and philosopher. ... Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher best known for his work The World as Will and Representation. ... Self-portrait, oil on canvas, 1872 Arnold Böcklin (16 October 1827 – 16 January 1901) was a symbolist Swiss painter. ... Max Klinger (1857-1920) was a Germany|German Symbolism (arts)|symbolist painter, sculpture|sculptor and printmaker. ...

He returned to Italy in the summer of 1909 and spent six months in Milan. At the beginning of 1910, he moved to Florence where he painted the first of his 'Metaphysical Town Square' series: The Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon after the revelation he felt in Piazza Santa Croce. He also painted The Enigma of the Oracle while in Florence. In July 1911 he spent a few days in Turin on his way to Paris. De Chirico was profoundly moved by what he called the 'metaphysical aspect' of Turin: the architecture of its archways and piazzas. It was the city of Nietzsche. De Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea. Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade a member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne, where he exhibited three of his works Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d’Automne, his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire, he also sold his first painting, The Red Tower. In 1914 through Guillaume Apollinaire, he met the art dealer Paul Guillaume, with whom he signed a contract for his artistic output. Type Anti-tank Nationality Joint France/Germany Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3, MILAN... The Basilica di Santa Croce (Basilica of the Holy Cross) is the principal Franciscan church of Italy, and a minor basilica of the Roman Catholic Church. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see Turin (disambiguation). ... First Salon dAutomne Catalog In 1903, the first Salon dAutomne (Fall Salon) was organized as a reaction to the conservative policies of the official Paris Salon. ... Salon des Indépendants is an exhibition of art held annually since 1884 in Paris, France. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... The following fortifications are known (in addition to any other names) as the Red Tower: The Kızıl Kule, Alanya, Turkey The Red Tower, Sicily St. ...

'That de Chirico was a poet, and a great one, is not in dispute. He could condense voluminous feeling through metaphor and association. One can try to dissect these magical nodes of experience, yet not find what makes them cohere... Early de Chiricos are full of such effects. Et quid amabo nisi quod aenigma est? ("What shall I love if not the enigma?") - this question, inscribed by the young artist on his self-portrait in 1911, is their subtext.'[1] (In this, he resembles his more representational American contemporary, Edward Hopper: their pictures' low sunlight, their deep and often irrational shadows, their empty walkways and portentous silences creating an enigmatic visual poetry.) ^[1]

At the outbreak of the First World War, he decided to return to Italy, arriving in May 1915 when he enlisted in the Italian army. He was considered unfit for work and assigned to the hospital at Ferrara. He continued to paint, and in 1918, he transferred to Rome. From 1918 his work was exhibited extensively in Europe. He met and married his first wife, the Russian Ballerina Raissa Gurievich in 1924, and together they moved to Paris. In 1928 he held his first exhibition in New York and shortly afterwards, London. Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Maya Plisetskaya, prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Ballet from 1943 to 1960 and prima ballerina assoluta from 1960 to 1990. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

In 1930 De Chirico met his second wife, Isabella Pakszwer Far, a Russian, with whom he would remain for the rest of his life. Together they moved to Italy in 1932, finally settling in Rome in 1944.

De Chirico is best known for the paintings he produced between 1909 and 1919, his metaphysical period, which are memorable for the haunted, brooding moods evoked by their images. At the start of this period, his subjects were still cityscapes inspired by the bright daylight of Mediterranean cities, but gradually he turned his attention to studies of cluttered storerooms, sometimes inhabited by mannequin-like hybrid figures. Later in his life De Chirico abandoned the metaphysical style and started painting more realistically. His later paintings never received the same critical praise as did those from his metaphysical period. He thought his later classical style was better, more mature, and resented that they were not successful. He produced backdated "self-forgeries" both to profit from his earlier success, and as an act of revenge -- retribution for the critical preference for his early work.[2] He also denounced authentic paintings from his early period, and even his own later self-forgeries, as (anonymous) forgeries.[3] A wooden mannequin For other uses, see Mannequin (disambiguation). ...

De Chirico also published a novel in 1925, entitled Hebdomeros, the Metaphysician. His brother, Andrea de Chirico, who became famous as Alberto Savinio, was also a writer and a painter. Alberto Savinio, real name Andrea De Chirico, (Athens, August 25, 1891 - Florence, May 5, 1952) was an Italian writer and painter, brother of the more famous Giorgio De Chirico. ...

Legacy

De Chirico won praise for his work almost immediately from writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who helped to introduce his work to the later Surrealists. Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... Max Ernst. ...

Yves Tanguy wrote how one day in 1922 he saw one of De Chirico's paintings in an art dealer's window, and was so impressed by it he resolved on the spot to become an artist — although he had never even held a brush. Indefinite Divisibility 1942 Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955) was a surrealist painter. ...

Other artists who acknowledged De Chirico's influence include Max Ernst, Salvador Dalí, Giorgio Morandi, Carlo Carrà, René Magritte, and Philip Guston. De Chirico strongly influenced the Surrealist movement. Max Ernst (2 April 1891 - 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet, considered one of the chief representatives of Dadaism and Surrealism. ... Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), was a Spanish surrealist painter of Catalan descent born in Figueres, Catalonia (Spain). ... Giorgio Morandi (June 20, 1890 - June 18, 1964) was an Italian painter who specialized in still life. ... Carlo Carrà Carlo Carrà (11 February 1881-13 April 1966) was an Italian painter, a leading figure of the futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century. ... The Treachery of Images (La trahison des images) (1928–1929) René François Ghislain Magritte (November 21, 1898 – August 15, 1967) was a Belgian surrealist artist. ... Painting, Smoking Eating 1972 Oil on Canvas Philip Guston (July 27, 1913 – June 7, 1980) was a notable painter and printmaker in the New York School, which included many of the Abstract Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock and Willem De Kooning. ... Surrealism is an artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious. ...

Michelangelo Antonioni, the Italian film director, also claimed to be influenced by De Chirico. Some comparison can be made to the long takes in Antonioni's films from the 1960s, in which the camera continues to linger on desolate cityscapes populated by a few distant figures, or none at all, in the absence of the film's protagonists. Michelangelo Antonioni (September 29, 1912 - July 30, 2007) was an Italian modernist film director whose films are widely considered as some of the most influential in film aesthetics. ...

Modern photographer Duane Michals was also influenced by De Chirico. Album cover of Clouds Over Eden by Richard Barone. ...

John Ashbery has called Hebdomeros "probably...the finest [major work of Surrealist fiction]." ^[2] John Ashbery John Ashbery (born July 28, 1927) is an American poet. ...

Fumito Ueda's critically acclaimed Playstation 2 game Ico (and also its sequel, Shadow of the Colossus, in a less direct way) was strongly influenced by de Chirico. Ico features children wandering though huge, ancient and otherwise uninhabited buildings, are predominately yellow and green in colour and use music only for cut-scenes, enhancing the feeling of space and sparseness. The box art for Ico used in Japan and Europe is particularly imitative of de Chirico's Melancholy and Mystery of a Street and The Nostalgia of the Infinite (both 1914). Fumito Ueda is a Japanese video game designer. ... PS2 redirects here. ... Ico (IPA pronunciation: ) is a 2001 action-adventure video game developed by Sony Computer Entertainment and released for the PlayStation 2 video game console. ... Shadow of the Colossus , lit. ...

Selected works

The Red Tower (1913).

• Flight of the Centauri, Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon and Enigma of the Oracle (1909)
• Ritratto di Andrea de Chirico (Alias Alberto Savinio) (1909-1910)
• Enigma of the Hour(1911)
• Melanconia, The Enigma of the Arrival and La Matinèe Angoissante (1912)
• The Red Tower, Ariadne, The Awakening of Ariadne, The Uncertainty of the Poet, La Statua Silenziosa, The Anxious Journey, Melancholy of a Beautiful Day, Le Rêve Transformé, and Self-Portrait(1913)
• The Anguish of Departure (began in 1913), Portrait of Guillaume Apollinaire, The Nostalgia of the Poet, L'Énigme de la fatalité, Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure), Love Song, The Enigma of a Day, The Philosopher’s Conquest, The Child’s Brain, The Philosopher and the Poet, Still Life: Turin in Spring, Piazza d’Italia (Autumn Melancholy), The Nostalgia of the Infinite and Melancholy and Mystery of a Street (1914)
• The Evil Genius of a King (began in 1914), The Seer (or The Prophet), Piazza d’Italia, The Double Dream of Spring, The Purity of a Dream, Two Sisters (The Jewish Angel) and The Duo (1915)
• Andromache, The Melancholy of Departure, The Disquieting Muses, Metaphysical Interior with Biscuits (1916)
• Metaphysical Interior with Large Factory and The Faithful Servitor (both began in 1916), The Great Metaphysician, Ettore e Andromaca, Metaphysical Interior, Geometric Composition with Landscape and Factory and Great Metaphysical Interior (1917)
• Metaphysical Muses and Hermetic Melancholy (1918)
• Still Life with Salami and The Sacred Fish (1919)
• Self-portrait (1920)

The Disquieting Muses (1916).

• Italian Piazza, Maschere and Departure of the Argonauts (1921)
• The Prodigal Son (1922)
• Florentine Still Life (c. 1923)
• The House with the Green Shutters (1924)
• The Great Machine (1925) Honolulu Academy of Arts
• Au Bord de la Mer, Le Grand Automate, The Terrible Games, Mannequins on the Seashore and The Painter (1925)
• La Commedia e la Tragedia (Commedia Romana), The Painter’s Family and Cupboards in a Valley (1926)
• L’Esprit de Domination, The Eventuality of Destiny (Monumental Figures), Mobili nella valle and The Archaeologists (1927)
• Temple et Foret dans la Chambre (1928)
• Gladiatori (began in 1927), The Archaeologists IV (from the series Metamorphosis), The return of the Prodigal son I (from the series Metamorphosis) and Bagnante (Ritratto di Raissa) (1929)
• Illustrations from the book Calligrammes by Guillaume Apollinaire (1930)
• I Gladiatori (Combattimento) (1931)
• Cavalos a Beira-Mar (1932-1933)
• Cavalli in Riva al Mare (1934)
• La Vasca di Bagni Misteriosi (1936)
• The Vexations of The Thinker (1937)
• Self-portrait (1935-1937)
• Archeologi (1940)
• Illustrations from the book L’Apocalisse (1941)
• Portrait of Clarice Lispector (1945)
• Villa Medici - Temple and Statue (1945)

Ettore e Andoromaca (1973)

• Minerva (1947)
• Metaphysical Interior with Workshop (1948)
• Fiat (1950)
• Piazza d’Italia (1952)
• The Fall - Via Crucis (1947-54)
• Venezia, Isola di San Giorgio (1955)
• Salambò su un cavallo impennato (1956)
• Metaphysical Interior with Biscuits (1958)
• Piazza d’Italia (1962)
• Cornipedes, (1963)
• Manichino (1964)
• Ettore e Andromaca (1966)
• The Return of Ulysses, Interno Metafisico con Nudo Anatomico and Mysterious Baths - Flight Toward the Sea (1968)
• Il rimorso di Oreste, La Biga Invincibile and Solitudine della Gente di Circo (1969)
• Orfeo Trovatore Stanco, Intero Metafisico and Muse with Broken Column (1970)
• Metaphysical Interior with Setting Sun (1971)
• Sole sul cavalletto (1972)
• Mobili e rocce in una stanza, La Mattina ai Bagni misteriosi, Piazza d'Italia con Statua Equestre, La mattina ai bagni misteriosi and Ettore e Andoromaca (1973)
• Pianto d’amore - Ettore e Andromaca and The Sailors’ Barracks (1974)

The Red Tower by Giorgio de Chirico. ... The Red Tower by Giorgio de Chirico. ... Alberto Savinio, real name Andrea De Chirico, (Athens, August 25, 1891 - Florence, May 5, 1952) was an Italian writer and painter, brother of the more famous Giorgio De Chirico. ... The Enigma of the Hour (1911) is a painting by the Greek-Italian metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico. ... Le Rêve Transformé (1913) is a painting by the Italian pre-surrealist Giorgio de Chirico. ... Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... Gare Montparnasse (The Melancholy of Departure) (1914) is a painting by the Italian pre-surrealist Giorgio de Chirico. ... Love Song (1914) is a painting by the Greek/Italian artist Giorgio de Chirico. ... The Double Dream of Spring. ... The Melancholy of Departure. ... The Disquieting Muses. ... Metaphysical Interior with Biscuits. ... Metaphysical Interior with Large Factory. ... The Disquieting Muses by Giorgio de Chirico. ... The Disquieting Muses by Giorgio de Chirico. ... The Honolulu Academy of Arts is a fine art museum located near downtown Honolulu, Hawaii. ... Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ... Clarice Lispector (December 10, 1920 - December 9, 1977) was a Brazilian writer. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 401 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2142 × 3200 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 401 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2142 × 3200 pixel, file size: 2. ...

Works about

• Aenigma Est -- 1990 film (Direction: Dimitri Mavrikios; Screenplay: Thomas Moschopoulos, Dimitri Mavrikios)[4]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Giorgio de Chirico

• Giorgio de Chirico in the Museum of Modern Art [5] Retrieved on 2007-4-15.
• Giorgio de Chirico at Gallery of Art
• Giorgio de Chirico in Volos
• Giorgio de Chirico ART CENTRE
• Ten Dreams Galleries
• de Chirico and Greece exhibit Fall 2007 nyc
• 1982 essay by Robert Hughes, from "Nothing If Not Critical: Selected Essays on Art and Artists"