Giovanni Bononcini (1670 - June 19, 1747), was an Italian Baroque composer and cellist, one of a family of musicians.

Works include operas, Masses, and a funeral anthem for the Duke of Marlborough. One of his operas was Serse, later adapted by George Frideric Handel.

Bononcini worked in Rome, Vienna, Berlin, and from 1720 to 1732, London, where he rivaled Handel for a time. He left after charges of plagiarism were proven against him. He died in poverty in Vienna.