Scouting organization
Organizational data
Name	Girl Scouts of the United States of America
Country	United States of America
Founded	March 12, 1912
Founder	Juliette Gordon Low
Membership	2.7 million girls 928,000 adults (2005)
CEO	Kathy Cloninger
Scouting portal

The Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA) is a youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. The Girl Scout program developed from the concerns of the progressive movement in the United States from people who sought to promote the social welfare of young women and as a female counterpart to the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). It was founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912 and is based on the Scouting principles developed by Robert Baden-Powell. Image File history File links Girl_scouts. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Image File history File links Scout_logo2. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In the United States the term progressivism refers to two political movements: first, the original political progressive movement towards social and economic reform of the late 1800s and early 1900s; and second, the continuation of this movement/ideology in the form of modern progressivism which sees itself as a reform... ... For the Boy Scout program within the BSA, see Boy Scouts (Boy Scouts of America). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play constructive roles in society. ... For the musician, see Baden Powell de Aquino. ...

The GSUSA uses the Scout method to build self-esteem and to teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, sisterhood, confidence, and citizenship through activities including camping, community service, learning first aid, and earning numerous badges that can teach lifelong skills. Girl Scouts are recognized for their achievements through rank advancement and various special awards. GSUSA has programs for girls with special interests, such as water-based activities. The Scout method is the principal method by which all Scouting organizations operate their units. ... In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth is a persons self-image at an emotional level; circumventing reason and logic. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... Car camping is camping in a tent, but nearby the car for easier access and for supply storage. ... Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. ... First aid is a series of simple, life-saving medical techniques that a non-doctor or layman can be trained to perform. ...

Membership is organized according to age levels with activities appropriate to each age group. A member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS), the GSUSA has a long history of accepting girls from all backgrounds. The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts is a global association supporting the female-oriented and female-only Scouting organizations in 144 countries. ...

History

Girl Scouting in the United States began on March 12, 1912 when founder Juliette "Daisy" Gordon Low organized the first Girl Scout troop meeting with eighteen girls in Savannah, Georgia. Low, who had met Baden-Powell in London while she was living in the United Kingdom, dreamed of giving the United States "something for all the girls." She envisioned an organization that would bring girls out of their cloistered home environments to serve in their communities and experience the open air. The Juliette Low Birthplace — located in Savannah, Georgia in the former Gordon family home — became a national Girl Scout program center in 1956.^[1] It provides tours to thousands of Scouts yearly. Upon Low's death in 1927, she willed her carriage house, eventually The Girl Scout First Headquarters, to local Savannah Girl Scouts for continued use.^[2] The first National Headquarters was in Washington, DC but it was moved to New York City in the spring of 1916 and has remained there since. March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Coordinates: County Chatham  - Mayor Otis S. Johnson Area    - City 202. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676 Government  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area...

The current Girl Scouts of the USA logo was created in 1978 by Saul Bass, a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences. Saul Bass Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 - April 25, 1996) was a graphic designer, but is best known for his design on motion picture title sequences, which is thought of as the best such work ever seen. ...

The organization's original name was the Girl Guides of America, taken from the United Kingdom's Girl Guides program. In 1913, the name was changed to the Girl Scouts of the United States and was incorporated in 1915. It was again renamed to the Girl Scouts of the United States of America in 1947 and was chartered by the United States Congress on March 16, 1950. The GSUSA started with eighteen members– within months, members were hiking through the woods in their knee-length blue uniforms, playing basketball on a curtained-off court, and going on camping trips. By 1920, there were nearly 70,000 members, and by 1930 over 200,000 members. In 2005 there were over 3.7 million Girl Scouts — 2.8 million girl members and 954,000 adult members — in the United States.^[3] More than 50 million American women have enjoyed Girl Scouting. Through its membership in the WAGGGS, GSUSA is part of a worldwide family of over ten million girls and adults in 144 countries. Type Bicameralism Houses Senate House of Representatives United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D, since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, D, since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups (as of November 7, 2006 elections) Democratic Party Republican... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in leap years). ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Sara Giauro shoots a three-point shot, FIBA Europe Cup for Women Finals 2005. ...

The names and ages of the levels — and the larger structure of the program — have evolved significantly. Troops were initially fairly independent before joining together into small councils, which have since merged into larger councils. The Girl Scouts of the USA have five age levels: Daisy, Brownie, Junior, Cadette, and Senior. ...

Segregation

Most Girl Scout units were originally segregated by race according to state and local laws and customs. The first troop for African American girls was founded in 1917; the first American Indian troop was formed in New York State in 1921; and the first troop for Mexican Americans was formed in Houston, Texas in 1922. In 1933, Josephine Groves Holloway founded unofficial African American troops in Tennessee. She also fully desegregated the Cumberland Valley council in 1962.^[4] The Rex Theatre for Colored People Racial segregation is characterized by separation of different races in daily life when both are doing equal tasks, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or... The term race serves to distinguish between populations or groups of people based on different sets of characteristics which are commonly determined through social conventions. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Native Americans are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Nickname: Space City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Incorporated June 5, 1837 Government  - Mayor Bill White Area  - City  601. ... Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Largest metro area Nashville Area  Ranked 36th  - Total 42,169 sq mi (109,247 km²)  - Width 120 miles (195 km)  - Length 440 miles (710 km)  - % water 2. ...

By the 1950s, the GSUSA began significant national efforts to desegregate the camps and maintain racial balance. One of the first desegregations was Camp Shantituck in Kentucky, which was accomplished by Murray Walls in 1956.^[5] Martin Luther King, Jr. described Girl Scouts as "a force for desegregation" later that year.^[6] In 1969, a national Girl Scout initiative to eliminate prejudice called Action 70 was created. Furthermore, Gloria D. Scott, an African American, was elected National President of the Girl Scouts in 1975.^[7] // Recovering from World War II and its aftermath, the economic miracle emerged in West Germany and Italy. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Martin Luther King, Jr. ... For with(out) prejudice in law, see Prejudice (law). ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ...

Girl Scout Senior Roundups

International Girl Scout gatherings named Senior Roundups were held every three years from 1956 until 1965.^[8]

• Milford, Michigan (1956) attended by 5,000 girls
• Colorado Springs, Colorado, from 1959-07-03 to 1959-07-12, with 10,000 girls
• Button Bay, Vermont from 1962-07-27 to 1962-08-03, with 9,000 girls
• Farragut Reservation, Idaho, from 1965-07-17 to 1965-07-26, with 12,000 girls

Milford is a village located in Oakland County, Michigan. ... Nickname: The Springs Location in the state of Colorado Coordinates: County El Paso Government  - Mayor Lionel Rivera Area  - City 186. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... See also Button Bay (Canada) for the inlet of Hudson Bay/ Button Bay, previously known as Button Mould Bay or Buttonmold Bay, is an area of shallow water on the east shore of Lake Champlain, north of Arnold Bay. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... Farragut State Park is a state park in the state of Idaho. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... hellotyle=float:right; |- | |- | |} July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 158 days remaining. ...

Mariner Scouts

The 20th National Council of the GSUSA launched the Mariner Girl Scout program in October 1934. Similar to the Boy Scouts' Sea Scouts, the program was designed for older Girl Scouts interested in outdoor water-based activities. By the end of 1934, twelve Mariner ships were registered and the first two handbooks, Launching a Girl Scout Mariner Ship and Charting the Course of a Girl Scout Mariner Ship were published. The Mariner Girl Scout program remains active but in a smaller form; most girls have instead joined the Sea Scouts, which has been co-ed since 1971. Sea Scouts is a program within the Boy Scouts of Americas Venturing Program. ... The Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization for girls in the United States based on the Scouting principles developed by Robert Baden-Powell. ...

Wing Scouts

Main article: Wing Scout

The Wing Scout program was a popular older Girl Scout program begun in 1941 and ending in the 1970s for girls interested in flying and wanting to serve their country. Like the Mariner Scout program, the Wing Scout program began as a Senior Girl Scout Mobilist Project with limited expectations, but by July 1942 twenty-nine troop leaders from fifteen states met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to take Wing Scout leadership training. These leaders returned to their councils and began setting up Wing Scout troops. The Wing Scout Program was a popular older girl Girl Scout program begun in 1941 for girls interested in flying and wanting to learn enough about aviation to serve their country. ... Template:A year The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Cradle of Liberty, the City That Loves You Back, the Quaker City, The Birthplace of America Motto: Philadelphia maneto - Let brotherly love continue Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Government... Official language(s) English, Pennsylvania Dutch Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ...

In 1959, Girl Scout Council in North San Mateo County, California was presented with an offer from United Airlines San Francisco Management Club President J. L. Burnside to start an aviation program for Senior Girl Scouts. One of the highlights of the Wing Scout program was the courtesy flight provided to Senior Girl Scouts using United Airlines' jets. For many of the girls, this was the first time they had flown in a plane. San Mateo County is a county located in the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... United Airlines, also known as United Air Lines, Inc. ... Aviation refers to flying using aircraft, machines designed by humans for atmospheric flight. ... Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ...

Wing Scouts took the program seriously and as a result of their proficient training and ability, Senior Girl Scouts who had been in the program for three years were given the opportunity to take over the controls during flight in a small aircraft. The program was discontinued after United Airlines experienced financial setbacks in the 1970s.

National Presidents

• Juliette Gordon Low (1915–1920)
• Anne Hyde Choate (1920–1922)
• Lou Henry Hoover (1922–1925) (1935–1937)
• Sarah Louise Arnold (1925–1926?) (she had previously been first Dean of Simmons College (Massachusetts) (1901-1919))[1]
• Mira Hoffman (1926?–1930) (Mrs. William H. Hoffman)
• Birdsall Otis Edey (1930-1935) (Mrs. Frederick Edey) (after ceasing to be President she became National Commissioner for the Girl Scouts until her death in 1940)
• Mrs. Frederick H. Brook (1937?-1939)
• Mildred Mudd (1939–1941) (Mrs. Harvey S. Mudd) (she later supported the founding of Harvey Mudd College named after her husband, Harvey Seeley Mudd)
• Mrs. Allen H. Means (1941-?)
• Harriet Rankin Ferguson (1946-1952) (Mrs. Vaughan C. Ferguson)
• Olivia Cameron Layton (1952-1958) (Mrs. Roy F. Layton)
• Marjorie Mehne Culmer (1958-1964?) (Mrs. Charles U. Culmer) (later chair of WAGGGS, died in 1994)
• Gloria Randle Scott (1975–1978)^[9]
• Jane C. Freeman (1978–1984)
• Elinor Johnstone Ferdon (1996–1999)
• Connie L. Matsui (1999–2002)
• Cynthia B. Thompson (2002-2005)

Lou Henry Hoover (1874-1944) Lou Henry Hoover (March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944) was the wife of President Herbert Hoover and First Lady of the United States. ... Simmons College is a liberal arts womens college in Boston, Massachusetts. ... Harvey Mudd College is a highly selective, private college of science, engineering, and mathematics, located in Claremont, California. ... Harvey Seeley Mudd, for whom Harvey Mudd College was named, was born in Leadville, Colorado, in 1888 and died in Los Angeles in 1955. ... Gloria Randle Scott born Gloria Dean is a prominent African-American educator and the first African-American to head the Girl Scouts of the USA. She was born and raised in Texas and was the first African-American to get a degree in zoology from Indiana University in 1959 and...

Program aims

The aim of the Girl Scouts is that girls will develop to their full potential by pursuing four goals: developing their full potential; relating to others with increasing understanding, skill, and respect; developing a meaningful set of values to guide their actions and to provide for sound decision-making; and contributing to the improvement of society.^[10] Decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. ...

Girl Scout Promise and Law

Promise

The Girl Scout Promise can be made in English, Spanish, or in American Sign Language with the same meaning.^[11] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... American Sign Language (ASL; less commonly Ameslan) is the dominant sign language of the Deaf community in the United States, in the English-speaking parts of Canada, and in parts of Mexico. ...

On my honor, I will try:
To serve God and my country,
To help people at all times,
And to live by the Girl Scout Law.^[12]

The Promise is often recited at Girl Scout troop meetings while holding up together the three middle fingers of the right hand, the Girl Scout sign. Girl Scout policy states that "God" may be interpreted depending on individual spiritual beliefs. When reciting the Girl Scout Promise, the word "God" may be substituted with the word dictated by those beliefs.^[13] Scouts use a three-finger salute to salute each other, and their nations flag. ...

Law

I will do my best to be Honest and fair, Friendly and helpful, Considerate and caring, Courageous and strong, and Responsible for what I say and do, And to respect myself and others, respect authority, use resources wisely, make the world a better place, and be a sister to every Girl Scout.^[14]

Motto

"Be Prepared."^[14]

Age levels

Main article: Girl Scout levels (USA)

The program was originally for girls aged ten through seventeen, but it was soon divided into three levels. Brownies for younger girls was based on a program developed in England in 1914 and was officially recognized in the mid 1920s. At the same time girls over eighteen, or over sixteen if First Class Scouts, became known as Senior Scouts. In 1938 age divisions were Brownies (ages seven through nine), Intermediates (ages ten through thirteen), and Seniors (ages fourteen through seventeen).^[15] The Girl Scouts of the USA have five age levels: Daisy, Brownie, Junior, Cadette, and Senior. ... A Brownie is a girl aged between her seventh and 11th birthdays, who is a member of the Guide Association, the female form of Scouting. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... The 1920s is a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ...

In 1963 this was rearranged to Brownies (ages seven through nine, later six through nine), Juniors (ages nine through eleven), Cadettes (ages eleven through fourteen), and Seniors (ages fourteen through seventeen).^[16] In 1984, the Daisy program for kindergartners or those aged five was introduced.^[17] In 2003 the Studio 2B program for girls ages eleven through seventeen was introduced though Cadettes and Seniors.^[18] A kindergarten classroom in Afghanistan. ... Studio 2B is a level of Girl Scouting for girls ages 11 to 17 created by the Girl Scouts of the USA originally to replace Cadette and Senior Girl Scouting. ...

Studio 2B allowed girls to choose whether to call themselves "2Be's," "teen Scouts" or Cadettes and Seniors. Girl Scouts, age eleven through seventeen, could earn both traditional badges and Studio 2B activities, and the Silver Award (Girl Scouts of the USA) and Gold Award (Girl Scouts of the USA) requirements had been rewritten to require both. Studio 2B activities differed from badges in two ways: each booklet focuses on topics such as environmentalism or self-confidence rather than being as skill-based on a badge; and to earn each Studio 2B charm, the Girl Scout chose activities from the booklet and then meet a goal relevant to the booklet topic. She created her own plan for achieving her goal, following a basic planning procedure called SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely). Then on August 26, 2006 the GSUSA board approved a national realignment of Girl Scout councils. This realignment created a new class of Girl Scouts called Ambassadors for girls in Grades eleven and twelve, moving seniors to ninth and tenth grade. Although, the "ambassador" level is not used nationwide yet. The Silver Award The Silver Award is the second highest award of the Girl Scouts of the USA. Only Cadette Scouts can earn it. ... Gold Award The Gold Award is the highest achievement within the Girl Scouts of the USA and is considered comparable to the Eagle Scout rank of the Boy Scouts of America. ... For the psychology topic, see Environmental psychology. ... The following is a list of modern Boy Scouts of America merit badges. ... SMART is a mnemonic used in project management at the project objective setting stage. ... A grade level is a numerical designation of the level or year a student has reached in school. ...

Hillary Clinton posing with several Girl Scouts

Although troop membership is still the most common way to participate in Girl Scouting, girls who do not desire troop activities can sign up as an individual Girl Scout, called a Juliette. Juliettes attend activities independently and work individually on badges and awards. The Juliette program is descended from the Lone Scout program, in which a girl living in an area without a troop could register directly with the National organization. Image File history File links Hillary_Clinton_girl_scout. ... Image File history File links Hillary_Clinton_girl_scout. ... Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947), was First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, as the wife of President Bill Clinton. ... Lone Guides or Lones are those Girl Guides and Girl Scouts who do not attend group meetings for a variety of reasons. ...

The Campus Girl Scouts program allows women over the age of eighteen to stay or become active in Girl Scouting while in college. They involve the community, the local council, and the college campus in their events.^[19]

Special programs

There are programs for girls in unusual situations that make it difficult for them to participate in the standard program. The Girl Scouts Beyond Bars program helps daughters of incarcerated mothers to connect with their mothers and to have the mothers participate in Girl Scout activities. Another program Girl Scouting in Detention Centers allows girls who are themselves in detention centers to participate in Scouting. Other initiatives try to help girls in rural areas or in public housing. There are also programs for American girls living overseas. ^[20] Rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China Rural areas (also referred to as the country, countryside) are sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities. ... A local authority tower block in Cwmbrân, South Wales Public housing or project homes is a form of housing tenure in which the property is owned by a government authority, which may be central or local. ...

Organizational structure

The national organization has its central headquarters in New York City with a staff of 400. It is headed by a chief executive officer and a forty member National Board of Directors. Kathy Cloninger has been the Chief Executive Officer since 2003; the Chair of the National Board of Directors, the highest volunteer position, is Patricia Diaz Dennis. A Chief Executive Officer (CEO), or Chief Executive, is the highest-ranking corporate officer, administrator, corporate administrator, executive, or executive officer, in charge of total management of a corporation, company, organization or agency. ...

Below the national organization are, as of 2006, 312 regional Girl Scout councils, which own the 236,000 local troops and other groups. On August 26, 2006, the National Board of Directors decided to reorganize the 312 councils into 109 councils.^[21] Some Councils own and run camps for the troops within its area of responsibility. Councils are usually subdivided again into areas, called Neighborhoods, Service Units, Associations (terms vary), these are program delivery areas that consist of troops at all age levels in a smaller area, such as a town. August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (239th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

The basic unit is the troop which may or may not be sponsored. In contrast to Boy Scout troop sponsors, Girl Scout troop sponsors do not own the troop. Troops range in size from as small as 6 to 30 or more girls and may be divided into several patrols of 8 or fewer girls. Each troop must have two unrelated female adults as leaders. Men can be and are troop leaders,, but they must also have 2 unrelated women serve as leaders to preserve the woman role model vision.^[22]

Activities

One of the original and continuing attractions of Girl Scouts is that girls are encouraged to camp and do other outside activities such as canoeing or backpacking with their troops. Troops do service projects such as visit nursing homes, carry out flag ceremonies, collect food for food drives, or other community service.^[23] Troops may also plan and have extended trips such as visiting another part of the United States or even travel to another country. Troops may have cultural or learning events such as first aid training or attending a musical. Many senior Girl Scouts are involved in the Venturing program of the BSA. A wood-and-canvas canoe evokes the heritage of canoeing in North America A canoe is a small narrow boat, typically human-powered, but also commonly sailed. ... Backpacking is traveling long distances with a backpack. ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... The BSA Venturing Logo Venturing is a division of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) for young men and women ages 14–21. ...

Destinations

Once known as "Wider Opportunities" or "Wider Ops", Destinations are events that individual older Girl Scouts from around the United States can participate in. Destinations are held within the United States or in other countries, such as being part of the US delegation to another country's national jamboree, or to visit one of the international Girl Scouting centers. Destinations might be outdoor oriented, such as kayaking in Alaska, or career oriented such as learning about working for NASA.^[24] In Scouting, a jamboree is a large gathering of Scouts who rally at a national or international level. ... Kayaking is the use of a kayak for moving across water. ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area  Ranked 1st  - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,855 km²)  - Width 808 miles (1,300 km)  - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km)  - % water 13. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States Government, responsible for that nations public space program. ...

Customs

The Girl Scouts of the USA have customs and traditions and perhaps the best known is selling Girl Scout Cookies as a money earning opportunity for the local council and troop. Other customs are the Girl Scout Handshake and the Girl Scout signal for silence, two of the signs shared by WAGGGS member organizations. A Girl Scout cookie is one of several varieties of cookie sold on neighborhood tours by Girl Scouts as a fundraiser for their organization. ...

Bridging, is the process of going from one level to another. Bridging is usually done at the troop level, although area bridgings are also done. Most notable is the Bridging ceremony held in San Francisco as Juniors bridge to Cadettes over the Golden Gate Bridge. The girls bridging walk across a bridge (sometimes literaly or symbolically) to their new level and are greeted by the Girl Scout Handshake.

Thinking Day and Scouts Own are traditions throughout the world of Scouting. Thinking Day has occurred annually on February 22, the birthday of both Robert Baden-Powell and Olave Baden-Powell, since 1926. On Thinking Day, Girl Scouts and Guides around the world think about their sisters in other lands. Many Girl Scouts in America also celebrate Juliette Gordon Low's birthday, which coincides with Halloween. Such parties will have the girls come in halloween costume, and serve a birthday cake at the same time.^[25] February 22 is World Thinking Day or just Thinking Day for Girl Scouts or Girl Guides around the world. ... Scouts Own is a Scouting inspirational ceremony built around a central theme such as friendship, using resources wisely, or fairness. ... Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB (February 22, 1857 - January 8, 1941) was a soldier, writer and founder of the world scouting movement. ... Olave Baden-Powell as Chief Guide for Britain in 1919 Olave St Clair Baden-Powell, Baroness Baden-Powell, GBE (February 22, 1889 – 19 June 1977) was born Olave St Clair Soames in Chesterfield, England. ...

A Scouts Own is an inspirational ceremony built around a central theme such as friendship, using resources wisely, or fairness that is planned and carried out by the girls.

Awards and badges

A Girl Scout working on her Gold Award project.

Members can earn awards appropriate for their age level. Originally called badges, the terminology has changed to Learning Petals for Daisies, Try-Its for Brownies, badges for Juniors, and Charms and Interest Project awards for older girls. Image File history File links Gsusa2. ... Image File history File links Gsusa2. ...

The highest achievement in Girl Scouting is the Gold Award, which can only be earned by Senior Scouts. Cadettes and Juniors can earn the Silver Award and Bronze Award respectively. These awards require large-scale service projects showing leadership along with service hours.^[26] The service projects must improve a current situation, such as restoring the eroded banks of a stream. The Bronze Award is the third highest award in Girl Scouts of the USA. It was introduced by GSUSA in 2001, and can only be earned by Junior Girl Scouts. ...

Girls can also earn and wear on their uniform awards from outside organizations, such as the religious emblems that religious organizations offer, or the President's Volunteer Service Award. Scouts can also receive awards for lifesaving and leadership. The Honor Pin recognizes an adult member who has delivered exceptional service beyond position expectations to two or more geographic areas, service units or program delivery audiences in a way that furthers the council's goals.^[27] Religious Emblems Programs are set up by some religious organizations for members of various youth organizations in the United States such as the Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts of the USA, and Camp Fire USA. There are more than thirty different religious emblems, each representing a different faith. ... The Presidents Volunteer Service Award program was established to honor volunteers that given hundreds of thousands of hours per year helping others. ...

Impact on American life

Among the many famous American Girl Scouts are Lucille Ball, Katie Couric, and Elizabeth Dole.^[28] Many Girl Scouts have become successful leaders in numerous professional fields such as law, medicine, politics, journalism, and science.^[28] Beginning with Lou Henry Hoover, the incumbent First Lady has served as the Honorary President of GSUSA. Lou Henry Hoover was also the actual President of the Girl Scouts from 1922–1925 and Chairman of the National Board of Directors from 1925–1928.^[29] Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an iconic American actor, comedian and star of the landmark sitcom I Love Lucy, a four time Emmy Award winner (awarded 1953, 1956, 1967, 1968) and charter member of the Television Hall of Fame. ... Katherine Lib Couric (born January 7, 1957) is an American media personality who became well-known as co-host of NBCs Today, and now serves as the anchor and managing editor of the CBS Evening News. ... Elizabeth Hanford Liddy Dole, (born July 29, 1936) was elected to the United States Senate in 2002 to represent North Carolina for a term ending in 2009. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... Journalism is a discipline of writing. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Lou Henry Hoover (1874-1944) Lou Henry Hoover (March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944) was the wife of President Herbert Hoover and First Lady of the United States. ... This article is about the use of the term first lady internationally. ...

Durring World War I and World War II, Scouts helped out on the Allied front by selling defense bonds, growing victory gardens, and collecting waste fat and scrap iron.^[30] Girl Scouts are famous for selling their Girl Scout Cookies as their annual fundraiser, which they began in 1917. Many Americans have bought the cookies from Girl Scouts selling them from door to door. Girl Scouts also spread their values into their communities through community service projects such as soup kitchens and food drives. Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nikolay II Aleksey Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Robert Nivelle Herbert H. Asquith D. Lloyd George Sir Douglas Haig Sir John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A Girl Scout cookie is one of several varieties of cookie sold on neighborhood tours by Girl Scouts as a fundraiser for their organization. ... Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. ... A soup kitchen is a place where food is offered to the poor for free or at a reasonably low price. ...

Controversies

No official stand on sexuality issues

Girl Scouts of the USA stated in an October 1991 letter:^[31]

As a private organization, Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. respects the values and beliefs of each of its members and does not intrude into personal matters. Therefore, there are no membership policies on sexual preference. However, Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. has firm standards relating to the appropriate conduct of adult volunteers and staff. The Girl Scout organization does not condone or permit sexual displays of any sort by its members during Girl Scout activities, nor does it permit the advocacy or promotion of a personal lifestyle or sexual preference. These are private matters for girls and their families to address.

GSUSA upholds a "don't ask, don't tell" policy on sexuality.^[32] The debate over this issue is split between those who feel that the policy is insufficient in preventing discrimination of sexual orientation, and those who question the inclusion of homosexuals.^[33][34] Sexual orientation describes the direction of an individuals sexuality, often in relation to their own sex or gender. ... Homosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love, or sexual desire exclusively for another of the same sex. ...

To Serve God in the Promise

In early 1992, the Totem Girl Scout Council suggested changing the promise to make it possible for girls who did not believe in a monotheistic god to join. In November 1992, the parents of Nitzya Cuevas-Macias sued for their daughter to be permitted to participate even though she refused to promise to serve God.^[35][36] Monotheism (in Greek monon = single and Theos = God) is the belief in a single, universal, all-encompassing deity. ...

On October 23, 1993, the Girl Scouts of the USA voted to permit individuals to substitute another word or phrase for 'God' in their promise.^[37] October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

"THAT, since the Girl Scout organization makes no attempt to interpret or define the word 'God' but encourages members to establish for themselves the nature of their spiritual beliefs, it is the policy of the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. that individuals when making the Girl Scout Promise may substitute wording appropriate to their own spiritual beliefs for the word 'God'."

with the explanation that

"For some individuals, the word 'God', no matter how broadly interpreted, does not appropriately reflect their spiritual beliefs. Since the belief in a spiritual principle is fundamental to Girl Scouting, not the word used to define that belief, it is important that individuals have the opportunity to express that belief in wording meaningful to them. It is essential to maintain the spiritual foundation of Girl Scouting, yet be inclusive of the full range of spiritual beliefs. This [policy change] does not take the word 'God' out of the Girl Scout Promise. It gives those individuals who wish to do so the option to state their commitment to the spiritual concepts fundamental to the Movement with a word or words more appropriate to their own beliefs. For instance, an individual may say 'my faith' or 'Allah' or 'the Creator'."

Some groups consider that the Girl Scouts of the USA have not gone far enough in making Scouting open to non-theists; others that they have gone too far in removing God or that they are violating the constitution of the WAGGGS. The WAGGGS constitution requires member societies to maintain membership standards to include a promise similar to the one established by Baden-Powell, which includes the concept of duty to God.^[38][39][40] Because of the GSUSA policy adopted in 1993, some, in 1995, formed an alternative organization, the American Heritage Girls (AHG) that accepts only leaders and chartering organizations that agree with a specific Christian statement of faith.^[41][42] As of 2006, it had about 5,000 members. Nontheism (or non-theism), broadly conceived, according to Caporale & Grumelli (1971) , is the absence of belief in both the existence and non-existence of a deity (or deities, or other numinous phenomena). ... The American Heritage Girls is a scouting group modeled after young womens organizations such as the Girl Scouts of the USA and the Campfire Girls, but with a Judeo-Christian focus to its philosophy and activities. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ...

Banning prayer at meetings

Some have stated that the Girl Scouts ban prayer at meetings.^[43] However, the official Girl Scout policy does not ban nor require prayer.^[44]

The Girl Scout organization does not endorse or promote any particular philosophy or religious belief. Our movement is secular and is founded on American democratic principles, one of which is freedom of religion.

Although Girl Scouts has policies supporting religious diversity, there is no policy by Girl Scouts of the USA that prohibits or requires the saying or singing of a grace, blessing, or invocation before meals by Girl Scout members in a troop/group setting, in a resident or day camp, or at meetings, conferences, and other large events. The decision to say a grace, blessing, or invocation is made locally at the troop or group level, and should be sensitive to the spiritual beliefs of all participants.

Association with Planned Parenthood

Although GSUSA is not nationally aligned with the reproductive health organization Planned Parenthood, Girl Scout councils may choose to have connections to the organization.^[45] In 2004 in Waco, Texas, the Bluebonnet Council had endorsed a Planned Parenthood education event (which did not mention abortion) but did not provide money nor send Scouts to it. This was criticized by some pro-life movement supporters and social conservatives, resulting in a boycott of Girl Scout cookies sold by the Bluebonnet Council. Although Waco residents responded to the announced boycott by purchasing a record amount of cookies, the Bluebonnet Council removed their endorsement.^[46] The pro-life group states that twenty percent of the investigated councils have some connection to Planned Parenthood though that includes councils that have endorsed events that Planned Parenthood also endorsed.^[47] Planned Parenthoods Logo Planned Parenthood is the collective name of organizations worldwide who are members of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). ... Waco is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. ... Pro-life is a term representing a variety of perspectives and activist movements in bioethics. ... Social conservatism is a belief in traditional morality and social mores and the desire to preserve these in present day society, often through civil law or regulation. ...

Oldest living GSUSA Girl Scout

The 100 year old oldest living Girl Scout is Marianne Elser Crowder, born in Colorado Springs in April 1906. She joined the Wagon Wheel Council Troop 4 in 1918 and got her Golden Eaglet, which was then the GSUSA highest award. She later operated her own dance studio in Colorado Springs and headed the dance department at Colorado College before moving to Menlo Park, California in 1939 where she taught dance in the community recreation program from 1949 until her retirement at the age of 97. The Wagon Wheel Council named Crowder the nation's oldest Girl Scout after it conducted a nationwide search and sifted through council archives. ^{[48] [49] [50]} Colorado Springs is a middle-sized city, located just east of the geographic center of the state of Colorado in the United States. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Elkhorn High Adventure Base Scouting in Colorado has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the rugged, mountainous environment in which they live. ... The Colorado College is a private four-year, co-educational liberal arts college located in Colorado Springs, Colorado. ... Menlo Park is a city in San Mateo County, California in the United States of America. ...

Similar organizations

Campfire Girls was founded around the same time as the Girl Scouts by some of the creators of the Boy Scouts of America. In 1975, the group became co-ed and soon changed its name to "Camp Fire Boys and Girls" and more recently to Camp Fire USA in 2001. Another parallel group is the American Heritage Girls (AHG), started in 1995 in Westchester, Ohio by a group of parents upset with available female Scouting organizations.^[51] AHG is a Christian organization that claims it is "a Scouting program for girls that supports the traditional values of God, Family and Country."^[41] For the Boy Scout program within the BSA, see Boy Scouts (Boy Scouts of America). ... Now known as Camp Fire USA, the nationwide youth organization began on March 17, 1910 as Camp Fire Girls. ... The American Heritage Girls is a scouting group modeled after young womens organizations such as the Girl Scouts of the USA and the Campfire Girls, but with a Judeo-Christian focus to its philosophy and activities. ... Christians believe that Jesus is the mediator of the New Covenant (see Hebrews 8:6). ...

See also

Scouting Portal

• List of notable Scouts
• Religious emblems programs
• Religion in Scouting
• Scouting in popular culture

Image File history File links Scout_logo2. ... List of famous Scouts and Scouters // Ryutaro Hashimoto, the 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan Yukio Hattori, the fifth president of the Hattori Nutrition College. ... Religious Emblems Programs are set up by some religious organizations for members of various youth organizations in the United States such as the Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts of the USA, and Camp Fire USA. There are more than thirty different religious emblems, each representing a different faith. ... Religion in Scouting and Guiding is an aspect of the Scout method which has been given to misunderstandings and controversies over the years. ... Smokey Bear with members of the Boy Scouts of America and the Camp Fire Girls celebrating the 50th anniversary of their founding in 1910. ...

References

November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (81st in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... A news release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (82nd in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (90th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

External links

• Girl Scouts of the USA web site
• M.S.S. Tradewind - Mariner Scout ship in Redwood City, California
• M.S.S. 1548 - Mariner Scout ship in Maryland

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