The Giudicati of Sardinia.

The giudicati (singular giudicato) were the indigenous kingdoms of Sardinia from about 900 until 1410, when the last fell to the Aragonese. The rulers of the giudicati were giudici (singular giudice), from the Latin iudice (pl. iudices), often translates as "judge". The Latin for giudicato (judgeship) was iudicatus (pl. iudicati), sometimes spelled with a "j", as in judicatus. The Latin terms were corrupted over time into judike/judikes (iudike/iudikes). Sardinia (pronounced ; Italian: ; Sardinian: or Sardinnya) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily). ... King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

The title of iudex was that of a Byzantine governor (prases or judex provinciae) dating from the creation of the Exarchate of Africa in 582. The Byzantines were totally cut off from the Tyrrhenian Sea by the Muslim conquest of Sicily in 827. A letter of Pope Nicholas I in 864 mentions for the first time the "Sardinian judges," and their autonomy was clear in a later letter of Pope John VIII in which he referred to them as principes ("princes"). The local authority was exercised initially by curatores — who each ruled over a curatoria — who were subject to the judges, whose responsibilities included the administration of justice and command of the army. // Introduction Exarch is from the Latin; Exarchus, Greek; Exarchon; Meaning Leader, from the word exarchein to lead, to begin, to rule. ... Events Maurice I succeeds Tiberius II Constantine as Byzantine Emperor. ... Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Events Succession of Pope Valentine, then Pope Gregory IV. Arabs invade Sicily. ... Nicholas I,(Rome c. ... Events Khan Boris I of Bulgaria is baptized an Orthodox Christian. ... John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ...

Originally the giudicati were Byzantine districts that became independent during the period the Arab expansion in the Mediterranean. The governors were originally elected by the Corona de Logu (parliament), but the establishment of dynasties there was, as elsewhere in Dark Age Europe, inevitable. The known medieval giudicati were: It has been suggested that Eastern Roman Empire be merged into this article or section. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predomiantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Maronite, Alawite Islam, Druze, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Dark Ages (or Dark Age) is a metaphor with multiple meanings and connotations. ...

• Giudicato of Agugliastra (also known as Ogliastra)
• Giudicato of Arborea (with capital in Oristano), 13 or 14 curatoriae
• Giudicato of Cagliari (also known as Cagliaritano or Pluminos), 14 curatoriae
• Giudicato of Gallura, 10 curatoriae
• Giudicato of Logudoro (also known as Torres), 20 curatoriae

In the early thirteenth century, three of the giudicati successively passed to women by inheritance: Gallura to Elena in 1203, Cagliari to Benedetta in 1214, and Logudoro to Adelasia in 1232. By the end of the century, all three giudicati had fallen to either the Republic of Pisa or Genoa: Cagliari in 1258 to Pisa, Logudoro in 1259 to Genoa, and Gallura in 1288 to Pisa, though this last was disputed until the early fourteenth century. Arborea survived much longer and greatly expanded its territory in the fourteenth century. It reached its peak under Marianus IV the Great and Eleanor, its heroine. It was purchased by the Crown of Aragon in 1410. Ogliastra is a geographical and cultural region in eastern Sardinia, Italy. ... The Giudicati of Sardinia. ... Oristano is a city and a province in Sardinia, Italy. ... The giudicati of Sardinia. ... The giudicati of Sardinia. ... The giudicati of Sardinia. ... Porto Porres (locally Poltu Torra in Sassarese), is a town in northern Sardinia (province of Sassari), of about 20,000 inhabitants. ... Elena (died 1218) was the daughter and successor of Barisone II of Gallura and was named after her mother of the Lacon family. ... Events April 16 - Philip II of France enters Rouen, leading to the eventual unification of Normandy and France. ... Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... // Canonization of Saint Anthony of Padua, patron of lost items Pope Gregory IX driven from Rome by a revolt, taking refuge at Anagni First edition of Tripitaka Koreana destroyed by Mongol invaders Battle of Agridi 15 June 1232 Arnolfo di Cambio, Florentine architect (died 1310) Manfred of Sicily (approximate date... Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Events February 22 - Nicholas IV becomes Pope. ... Marianus IV (1329[1] – 1376), called the Great, was the Judge of Arborea from 1347 to his death. ... Eleanor of Arborea Eleanor (Italian: Eleonora; 1347 Molins de Rei, Catalonia, – 1404) was the giudicessa (judge) of Arborea from 1383 to her death. ... King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... March 29 - The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris). ...

See also

• History of Sardinia

The History of Sardinia covers several millennia of civilization of this Mediterranean isle. ...

Sources

• Moore, John C. "Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State." Speculum, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Jan., 1987), pp 81-101.
• Ghisalberti, Alberto M. (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: I Aaron – Albertucci. Rome, 1960.
• Ghisalberti, Alberto M. (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: VI Baratteri – Bartolozzi. Rome, 1964.
• Ghisalberti, Alberto M. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: VIII Bellucci – Beregan. Rome, 1966.
• Ghisalberti, Alberto M. (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: XXVII Collenuccio – Confortini. Rome, 1982.
• Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: Guglielmo Gonzaga – Jacobini. Rome, 2000.
• Solmi, A. Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel Medioevo. Cagliari, 1917.
• Solmi, A. "Un nuovo documento per la storia di Guglielmo di Cagliari e l'Arborea." Archivio storico sardi. VI. (1908), pp 193–212.
• Loddo Canepa, F. "Note sulle condizioni economiche e giuridiche degli abitanti di Cagliari dal secolo XI al XIX." Studi sardi. X–XI, 1952, pp 237ff.
• Nowé, Laura Sannia. Dai "lumi" dalla patria Italiana: Cultura letteraria sarda. Mucchi Editore: Modena, 1996.
• Oliva, A. M. "Guglielmo di Massa. «Al pro marques de Sardenha, qu'ab joi viu et ab sen renha»." Gli Obertenghi di Massa e della Lunigiana ed i Regno della Sardegna, secoli 12.–14. pp 85–108. M. G. Armanini et al: Pisa, 1999.
• Petrucci, S. Re in Sardegna, a Pisa cittadini. Bologna, 1988.
• Baudi di Vesme, Benedetto. "Guglielmo di Cagliari e l'Arborea." Archivio storico sardo. I. (1905), pp 12–51, 173–209.
• Scano, D. "Serie cronol. dei giudici sardi." Arch. stor. sardo. 1939.
• Besta, E. and Somi, A. I condaghi di San Nicolas di Trullas e di Santa Maria di Bonarcado. Milan, 1937.