Clement VII

guilio de medici, pope clement vii This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Name Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici Papacy began November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...November 26, Events April _ Battle of Villalors _ Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ...1523 Papacy ended September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ...September 25, Events May 10 _ Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ...1534 Predecessor The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 _ September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle...Adrian VI Successor Pope Paul III, (1543) portrait by Titian (Tiziano Vecelli), Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples Paul III, né Alessandro Farnese (February 29, 1468 _ November 10, 1549) was pope from 1534 to 1549. ...Paul III Born  ???, Events February 18 _ George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ...1478 Place of birth  ??? Died September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ...September 25, Events May 10 _ Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ...1534 Place of death The Roman Colosseum Rome (Italian and Latin Roma) is the capital city of Italy, and of its Lazio region. ...Rome, The Italian Republic or Italy ( Italian: Repubblica Italiana or Italia) is a country in southern Europe. ...Italy

For the An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election. ...antipope (1378_1394) see For the other Clement VII who was Pope from 1523 to 1534, see Pope Clement VII. Robert of Geneva (1342_16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, thereby becoming the first antipope of the Western Schism, as Pope Clement VII. He...Antipope Clement VII.

Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici ( Events February 18 _ George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is privately executed in the Tower of London. ...1478 – September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years). ...September 25, Events May 10 _ Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ...1534) was Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. ...pope from Events April _ Battle of Villalors _ Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ...1523 to Events May 10 _ Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ...1534. This pope was an illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici, who was assassinated in the The Pazzi family were old Tuscan nobles who had become Florentine bankers in the 14th century. ...Pazzi Conspiracy against the The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family during the Renaissance, whose wealth and influence initially derived from the textile trade guided by the guild of the Becoming first bankers, and later politicians, clergy and nobles, the Medici attained their greatest prominence during the 15th through 17th centuries...Medici; he was thus the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and cousin of Pope Leo X Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521), was the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity. ...Pope Leo X. Upon the latter's accession to the Pope John Paul II has reigned since 22 Oct 1978. ...Papacy, Giulio became his principal minister and confidant, especially in the maintenance of the Medici interest at Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy, on the Arno River, with a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess of 200,000. ...Florence. At Leo's death, Cardinal Medici, though unable to gain the Papacy for himself or his ally Pope Paul III, (1543) portrait by Titian (Tiziano Vecelli), Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples Paul III, né Alessandro Farnese (February 29, 1468 _ November 10, 1549) was pope from 1534 to 1549. ...Alessandro Farnese, took a leading part in determining the unexpected election of The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 _ September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle...Pope Adrian VI, to whom he succeeded in the next conclave (November Events April _ Battle of Villalors _ Forces loyal to Emperor Charles V defeat the Comuneros, a league of urban bourgeois rebelling against Charles in Spain. ...1523). He brought to the Papal throne a high reputation for political ability, and possessed in fact all the accomplishments of a wily diplomatist, but the circumstances of the times required a man of a far different mold.

His worldliness and lack of insight into the tendencies of his age disqualified him from comprehending the great religious movement which then convulsed the church; while his timidity and indecision no less disabled him from following a consistent policy in secular affairs.

At first attached to the interests of the The Holy Roman Empire ( German: Heiliges Römisches Reich) ( Italian: Sacro Romano Impero) ( Latin: Sacrum Romanum Imperium) ( Czech: Svatá říše římská) ( French: Saint Empire Romain Germanique) ( Polish: Święte Cesarstwo Rzymskie Narodu Niemieckiego) ( Dutch: Heilige Roomse Rijk) was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the...Holy Roman Empire, he was terrified by the overwhelming success of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V ( 24 February 1500– 21 September 1558) was effectively (the first) King of Spain from 1516 to 1556 (in principle, he was from 1516 king of Aragon and from 1516 guardian of his insane mother, queen of Castile who died...Emperor Charles V in the This article is about the battle in 1525. ...battle of Pavia into joining the other Italian princes in a league with France. This policy in itself was sound and patriotic, but Clement's zeal soon cooled; by his want of foresight and unseasonable economy he laid himself open to an attack from the turbulent Roman barons, which obliged him to invoke the mediation of the Emperor. When this danger seemed over he veered back to his former engagements, and ended by drawing down upon himself the imperialist host, eventually uncertainly led by Charles, Duke of Bourbon, who, compelled to satisfy his clamorous mercenaries by pillage, embraced the opportunity of leading them against Rome.

Rome was assaulted and sacked on May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ...May 6, Events January 5 _ Felix Manz, co_founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zurich by the Zurich Reformed state church. ...1527, and Clement, who had displayed no more resolution in his military than in his political conduct, was shortly afterwards obliged to surrender himself together with the castle of Castel SantAngelo The Castel SantAngelo is a building in Rome, one with a long and chequered past. ...Sant' Angelo, where he had taken refuge. After six months captivity he was released upon very onerous conditions, and for some years subsequently followed a policy of subserviency to the Emperor, endeavouring on the one hand to induce him to act with severity against the Lutherans in Germany, and on the other to elude his demands for a general council. Meanwhile, in Florence, Republican enemies of the Medici took advantage of the chaos to once again expel the family from the city.

Two years later, peace was made between the Papal and Imperial factions, and as part of the deal Charles V agreed to restore the Medici to power in Florence. In 1530, after an 11_month A siege is a prolonged military blockade and assault of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition. ...siege the city capitulated, and Clement VII installed his illegitimate son Alessandro as Duke.

One momentous consequence of this dependence on Charles was the breach with England occasioned by Clement's refusal in Events January 25 - King Henry VIII of England marries Anne Boleyn, his second Queen consort. ...1533, justifiable in point of principle, but dictated by no higher motive than his fear of offending the emperor, to sanction Henry VIII King of England and Ireland by Hans Holbein the Younger His Grace King Henry VIII (28 June 1491–28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...Henry VIII's divorce from The recently_widowed young Catherine of Aragon, by Henry VIIs court painter, Michael Sittow, c. ...Catherine of Aragon. Clement used many stalling tactics to try and delay things. He even paid spies to steal Henry VIII's love letters to his fiancée, Anne Boleyn, a 19th_century painting based on a disputed sketch by Hans Holbein the Younger. ...Anne Boleyn, in the hope of proving that they were lovers. However, no evidence could be uncovered and even Clement had to grudgingly admit that all impartial evidence from England suggested that Anne Boleyn, a 19th_century painting based on a disputed sketch by Hans Holbein the Younger. ...Anne Boleyn was strong_willed but morally upright. It was only whenever rumours began to suggest that Anne had secret The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ...Lutheran sympathies that the Pope turned totally against her. Clement's procrastination on the issue ultimately resulted in the establishment of the independent The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...Church of England.

Towards the end of his reign Clement once more gave indications of a leaning towards a French alliance, which was prevented by his death in September Events May 10 _ Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. ...1534. His death was caused by eating the Binomial name Amanita phalloides The Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) is one of numerous poisonous species of mushrooms in the genus Amanita. ...death cap Basidiocarps (mushrooms) of the fungus Leucocoprinus sp. ...mushroom, the most poisonous mushroom known. As a man he possessed few virtues and few vices; as a pontiff he did nothing to disgrace the church and nothing to restore its lustre; his adroitness and dexterity as a statesman were counteracted by his suspicion and irresolution; his administration affords a proof that at eventful crises of the world's history mediocrity of character is more disastrous than mediocrity of talent.

See also: other popes named Clement.

References

• Most of this article was originally taken from the 9th edition (1876) of the 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt _ look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelt with æ, the ae_ ligature) is the oldest English_language general encyclopedia. ...Encyclopædia Britannica.

See also

• Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...Italian Wars
• The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family during the Renaissance, whose wealth and influence initially derived from the textile trade guided by the guild of the Becoming first bankers, and later politicians, clergy and nobles, the Medici attained their greatest prominence during the 15th through 17th centuries...Medici family