8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a b c d e f g h

The Giuoco Piano is a chess opening characterized by the moves This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... This image is originally from xboard. ... The first moves of a chess game are the opening moves, collectively referred to as the opening. ... Algebraic chess notation is the method used today by all competition chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers to record and describe the play of chess games. ...

1. e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Bc5

The Giuoco Piano (Italian: "quiet game"), is the oldest recorded opening. The Portuguese Damiano played it at the beginning of the 15th century and the Italian Greco played it at the beginning of the 16th century. Because of Greco's work on the opening, it is sometimes called the Italian Game, although that term is also used more generally to describe the position after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4. The Giuoco Piano was popular through the 19th century, but modern refinements in defensive play have led most chess masters towards openings like the Ruy Lopez that offer White greater chances for long term initiative. Pedro Damiano was a Portugese chess player who lived from 1480-1544. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... Gioacchino Greco recorded some of the first chess games on record, 77 in total. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The Italian Game is a chess opening, or more accurately a family of chess openings, characterized by the moves 1. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Ruy Lopez, sometimes known as the Spanish Game, is a chess opening characterised by the moves 1. ... This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...

White's "Italian bishop" at c4 prevents Black from advancing in the center with ...d5 and attacks the vulnerable f7 square. White plans to dominate the center with d2-d4 and to attack the Black king. Black aims to free his game by exchanging pieces and playing the pawn break ...d5, or to hold his center pawn at e5. This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ... This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...

With the Evans Gambit, 4.b4, White offers a pawn to speed his development. See Evans Gambit for more detail. The Evans Gambit is a chess opening with the moves (in algebraic notation) 1. ... The Evans Gambit is a chess opening with the moves (in algebraic notation) 1. ...

With 4.d3, White plays the Giuoco Pianissimo (Italian: "quietest game"). White aims for a slow buildup deferring d4 until it can be prepared. By avoiding an immediate confrontation in the center White prevents the early release of tension through exchanges and enters a positional maneuvering game. If White plays c2-c3, the position can take some characteristics of the Ruy Lopez if his bishop retreats to c2 via Bc4-b3-c2. Despite its drawish reputation, this variation became more popular after being taken up by John Nunn in the 1980s. The Ruy Lopez, sometimes known as the Spanish Game, is a chess opening characterised by the moves 1. ... In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game (the others being a win for white and a win for black). ... John Denis Martin Nunn (born April 25, 1955) is an English chess player and mathematician. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 60s and 70s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...

In the most popular continuation White prepares d2-d4 by playing 4.c3. Black can try to hold a strong point in the center at e5 with 4...Qe7 or he can counterattack with 4...Nf6. The center holding variation can continue 4...Qe7 5.d4 Bb6 6.0-0 d6 7.a4 a6 8. h3 Nf6 9.Re1 0-0. The variations following from 4...Nf6 have been very extensively analyzed for over 300 years. Danish player Jørgen Møller published analysis of the line that would later be called the Møller Attack in Tidsskrift for Skak (1898). In the Møller Attack White sacrifices a pawn for development and the initiative: 5.d4 exd4 6.cxd4 Bb4+ 7.Nc3 Nxe4 8.0-0 Bxc3 9.d5. Black's best line is considered 9...Bf6 10.Re1 Ne7 11.Rxe4 d6 12.Bg5 (12.Qe2! hxg5 13.Re1 Be6! 14.dxe6 f6 15.Re3 seems to be the new line currently played) Bxg5 13.Nxg5 h6! (13...0-0?! 14.Nxh7! is considered to lead to a draw with best play, although Black has many opportunities to go wrong) 14.Bb5+ Bd7 15.Qe2 Bxb5 16.Qxb5+ Qd7 and Black is at least equal. Another line that Greco discovered varies starting on Black's 8th move with 8...Nxc3 9.bxc3 Bxc3 10.Qb3 (10.Ba3! is nowadays considered very strong). Now if Black takes the White queen rook with 10...Bxa1, White wins the black queen with 11.Bxf7+, Kf8 12. Bg5 Ne7 13. Re1. If White does not want to gambit material, instead of 7.Nc3 he can play 7.Bd2 which can continue 7...Bxd2+ 8.Nbxd2 d5 9.exd5 Nxd5 10.Qb3 Nce7 (10...Na5 is also possible, inviting a repetition of moves after 11.Qa4+ Nc6 (threatening 12...Nb6) 12.Qb3 Na5) 11.0-0 0-0 12.Rfe1 c6. In this position White has more freedom but his isolated queen pawn can be a weakness. 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A gambit is a chess opening, where something is sacrificed in order to achieve a better position. ... This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...

Wikibooks has more about this subject:

Chess/Opening_Theory

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

References

Hooper, David and Kenneth Whyld (1996). The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University. ISBN 0-19-280049-3. Kenneth Whyld (March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British chess author and researcher, best known as the co-author (with David Hooper) of the Oxford Companion to Chess, the standard single-volume chess reference work in English. ...