Giuseppe Biancani (in Latin, Josephus Blancanus) (1566-1624) was an Italian Jesuit astronomer, mathematician, and selenographer, after whom the Blancanus crater, on the Moon, is named. He was a native of Bologna. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Events January 7 - Pius V becomes Pope Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands. ... Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Selenography is the study of the surface and physical features of the Moon, especially the mapping of the features according to the Moons latitude and longitude. ... Blancanus is a lunar impact crater located in the rugged southern region of the Moon, to the southwest of the Clavius walled-plain. ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ... Bologna (from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, between the Po River and the Apennines. ...

His Aristotelis loca mathematica ex universes ipsius operibus collecta et explicata, published in Bologna, appeared in 1615, in which Biancani discussed Aristotelian thought on floating bodies. The work suffered censorship whilst undergoing peer review, a common Jesuit practice. The reviewer, Giovanni Camerota, wrote: "It does not seem to be either proper or useful for the books of our members to contain the ideas of Galileo, especially when they are contrary to Aristotle."[1] Bologna (from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, between the Po River and the Apennines. ... Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... Aristotle, marble copy of bronze by Lysippos. ... The examples and perspective in this article do not represent a worldwide view. ... Galileo can refer to: Galileo Galilei, astronomer, philosopher, and physicist (1564 - 1642) the Galileo spacecraft, a NASA space probe that visited Jupiter and its moons the Galileo positioning system Life of Galileo, a play by Bertolt Brecht Galileo (1975) - screen adaptation of the play Life of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht...

Biancani wrote his Sphaera mundi, seu cosmographia demonstrativa, ac facili methodo tradita in 1615. However, it was not published until 1619 in Bologna, after the Decree of the Congregation of the Index in 1616. Events June 2 - First Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France. ... Events May 13 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason. ... Events October 25 — Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at an island off the Western Australian coast Pocahontas arrives in England War between Venice and Austria Collegium Musicum founded in Prague Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books...

In his Sphaera mundi, Biancani expounded on his belief that God had made the earth a perfect symmetrical world: the highest mountain on land had its proportional equivalent in the lowest depth of the ocean. This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and derived henotheistic forms. ... Earth, also known as Terra, and Tellus mostly in the 19th century, is the third-closest planet to the Sun. ...

The original earth emerged on the third day of Creation as a perfectly smooth sphere, Biancani reasoned. If not for the hand of God, "natural law" would have allowed the earth to remain in that form. Biancani believed, however, that God had created the depths of the sea and formed the mountains of the earth. Creation is a doctrinal position in many religions which maintains that one or a group of gods or deities is responsible for creating the universe. ... A sphere is a perfectly symmetrical geometrical object. ...

Moreover, if left to "natural law," the earth would be consumed in water, in imitation of how it was created. However, the hand of God would intervene in order to cause the earth to be destroyed entirely by fire. It has been suggested that flame be merged into this article or section. ...

The contents of the book are described in Latin as: Sphaera Mundi seu Cosmographia. Demonstrativa, ac facili Methodo tradita: In qua totius Mundi fabrica, una cum novis, Tychonis, Kepleri, Galilaei, aliorumque; Astronomorum adinventis continetur. Accessere I. Brevis introductio ad Geographiam. II. Apparatus ad Mathematicarum studium. III. Echometria, idest Geometrica tractatio de Echo. IV. Novum. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

As evidenced in the table of contents, this work also presented a summary of the discoveries made with the telescope by Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo, Copernicus, and others. The censorship of Biancani's previous work affected the manner in which he wrote Sphaera mundi. "But that this opinion [heliocentrism] is false," Biancani wrote, during his discussion on Copernican and Keplerian theories, "and should be rejected (even though it is established by better proofs and arguments) has nevertheless become much more certain in our day when it has been condemned by the authority of the Church as contrary to Sacred Scripture" (Sphaera, IV, 37).[2] 50 cm refracting telescope at Nice Observatory. ... Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe) (December 14, 1546 – October 24, 1601) was a Danish nobleman astrologer and astronomer as well as an alchemist. ... Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630), a key figure in the scientific revolution, was a Lutheran mathematician, astrologer, and astronomer. ... Galileo can refer to: Galileo Galilei, astronomer, philosopher, and physicist (1564 - 1642) the Galileo spacecraft, a NASA space probe that visited Jupiter and its moons the Galileo positioning system Life of Galileo, a play by Bertolt Brecht Galileo (1975) - screen adaptation of the play Life of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht... Nicolaus Copernicus (in Latin; Polish Mikołaj Kopernik, German Nikolaus Kopernikus - February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician and economist who developed a heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the solar system in a form detailed enough to make it scientifically useful. ...

The work not only included studies on the natural phenomenon of the echo and on sundials, but also included a diagram of the moon. Giuseppe Biancani's map was not drawn up in support of new Copernican ideas but those berthed in traditional geocentric cosmology and in support of Aristotelian thought. Biancani disagreed with Galileo, who believed in the existence of lunar mountains. In a 1611 letter to Christoph Grienberger (after whom the Gruemberger crater is named), Biancani wrote of his certainty that there could not be any mountains on the moon.[3] In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo (plural echoes) is a reflection of sound, arriving at the listener some time after the direct sound. ... Wall sundial Wall sundial in Warsaws Old Town A sundial measures time by the position of the sun. ... This drawing from an Icelandic manuscript dated around 1750 illustrates the geocentric model. ... This is a list of mountains on the Moon: // Mountains These are isolated mountains or massifs. ... Events June 23 - Henry Hudsons crew maroons him, his son and 7 others in a boat November 1 - At Whitehall Palace in London, William Shakespeares romantic comedy The Tempest is presented for the first time. ... Gruemberger is an old lunar impact crater in the southern part of the Moon. ...

Biancani's map of the moon shows only stylized 15 craters, none of which are clearly recognizable or identifiable as actual craters.

Biancani opined that the Copernican system was of opinionem falsam... ac rejeciendam. Nevertheless, Biancani remained ambivalent in the midst of the Scientific Revolution, as he cited Galileo's opinions on the surface of the moon while also discussing those of the ancients, such as Posidonius and Cleomedes. In the history of science, the scientific revolution was the period that roughly began with the discoveries of Kepler, Galileo, and others at the dawn of the 17th century, and ended with the publication of the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Isaac Newton. ... The bust of Posidonius as an older man depects his character as a Stoic philosopher. ... Cleomedes was a Greek astronomer who is known chiefly for his book On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies. ...

Biancani's Constructio instrumenti ad horologia solaria discusses how to make a perfect sundial, with accompanying illustrations. Wall sundial Wall sundial in Warsaws Old Town A sundial measures time by the position of the sun. ...

Bernhardus Varenius based much of his geographical work on Biancani's ideas. Bernhardus Ernhard Varen Varenius (born 1622 in Hitzacker (near Lüneburg), Germany; died 1650) was a German geographer. ...

Sources

• Dictionary of the History of Ideas
• Antiquarian Books: Biancani’s works
• Galileo and the Bible
• Rodolfo Calanca, La Luna nell’Immaginario Secentesco