Giuseppe Di Vittorio, also known under the pseudonym Nicoletti (August 12, 1892, Cerignola—November 3, 1957, Lecco), was an Italian syndicalist trade unionist and communist politician, one of the most influential leaders of the labor movement after World War I. A pseudonym (Greek: false name) is a fictitious name used by an individual as an alternative to his or her legal name. ... August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Cerignola is a town of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Foggia, 26 mi. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lecco is an Italian city set in Lombardy 50 kilometres north of Milan; it borders a branch of the Lake of Como (named Lake of Lecco) on the west and the Lombard Alps on the east. ... Syndicalism refers to a set of ideas, movements and tendencies which share the avowed aim of transforming capitalist society through action by the working class on the industrial front. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... The labor movement (or labour movement) is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First...

Early activities

He differed from most fellow activists through his peasant origins. An autodidact, Di Vittorio became active in the socialist movement from adolescence: at fifteen, he was a member of the Socialist Youth Circle in Cerignola, and, in 1911, moved one to lead the Camera del Lavoro in Minervino Murge, and then the one in Bari. Autodidacticism (also autodidactism) is self-education or self-directed learning. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines, and may also refer to political movements that aspire to put these doctrines into practice. ... Minervino Murge is a town and comune of Italy, in the province of Bari in western Puglia, , at 429 meters (1407 ft) above sea-level on the western flank of the Murgia Barese mountain chain, commanding a wide view to which it owes the occasional moniker in tourist literature of... Location within Italy Bari is the capital of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or Puglia) region, on the Adriatic sea, in Italy. ...

As a native of the Mezzogiorno, Di Vittorio became involved in the syndicalist plans for solving the region's acute problems (in the manner illustrated by the Fasci Siciliani in final decade of the 19th century). A partisan of insurgence, Di Vittorio became a leader of the anarcho-syndicalist trade union Unione Sindacale Italiana after its formation in 1912. Unlike the majority of the group (which opposed militarism and Italy's entry into World War I), Di Vittorio, Alceste De Ambris, and Filippo Corridoni advocated irredentism. He subsequently fought in the conflict, and was discharged after being gravely wounded. The Mezzogiorno or Southern Italy is the area of Italy south of Rome. ... The Fasci Siciliani (1891-1894) was a popular movement, of democratic and socialist inspiration, which arose in Sicily between the years 1891 and 1893 and whose aim was the collective organization of farmers, workers and miners, especially in the areas rich with sulphur. ... An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the labor movement, Syndicalisme is a French word meaning trade unionism hence the syndicalism qualification. ... Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI; Italian Syndicalist Union or Italian Workers Union) is an Italian trade union. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Militarism or militarist ideology is the doctrinal view of a society as being best served (or more efficient) when it is governed or guided by concepts embodied in the culture, doctrine, system, or people of the military. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... Alceste de Ambris (1874-1934) was an Italian anarcho_syndicalist. ... Irredentism is an international relations term that involves advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity and/or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. ...

Opposition to Fascism

In 1921, after the Italian Socialist Party's split at its Congress in Livorno, he joined the Italian Communist Party (PCI). Di Vittorio was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies on the PCI list in 1924. The new situation after the rise of Fascism and the March on Rome made him an enemy of Benito Mussolini's regime. Sentenced to twelve years in prison by a fascist special tribunal in 1925, he managed to flee to France, where he refounded the dissolved Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL) and led it into the Soviet-managed Profintern. Di Vittorio lived in the Soviet state from 1928 to 1930, representing Italy to the Red Peasant International. He then returned to Paris, where he entered the Politburo of the PCI. 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Livorno, sometimes in English Leghorn, (population 170,000) is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) or Italian Communist Party emerged as Partito Comunista dItalia or Communist Party of Italy from a secession by the Leninist comunisti puri tendency from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) during that bodys congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno. ... The Italian Chamber of Deputies (Italian: Camera dei Deputati) is the lower house of the Parliament of Italy. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For the movie by Dino Risi, see March on Rome (film) The March on Rome was the name given to the coup détat by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922. ... Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) led Italy from 1922 to 1943. ... The Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) is a national trade union centre in Italy. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... The trade union international of early Soviet Russia. ... Red Peasant International, generally called by its Russian abbreviation Krestintern, was an international peasants organization formed by the Communist International in October 1923. ... The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city For other uses, see Paris (disambiguation). ... Politburo is short for Political Bureau. ...

He joined the Republican side fighting Francisco Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War in 1936, and then headed the board of a Paris-based newspaper with an anti-fascist message. After the World War II Fall of France to Nazi Germany, Di Vittorio was taken in custody by the Italian police, and detained on Ventotene. In 1943, as the Fascist regime fell in most of Italy, he was set free by partisans, and subsequently joined the Resistance in fighting against Mussolini's Italian Social Republic in Northern Italy. History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain -Visigoths -Al-Andalus -Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History Flag of the... Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (pron. ... Combatants Second Spanish Republic Foreign volunteers Nationalist Spain Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 18, 1936 to April 1, 1939, was a conflict in which the incumbent Second Spanish Republic and political... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideology, organization, or government, on all levels. ... Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... In World War II, Battle of France or Case Yellow (Fall Gelb in German) was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, executed 10 May 1940 which ended the Phony War. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Ventotene and the Pontine Islands The village, seen from the harbour Piazza Castello Ventotene is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Campania, Italy. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Look up partisan on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Partisans parading in Milan The Italian resistance movement was a partisan force during World War II. It became massive after the capitulation of the Italian Royal Army on September 8, 1943. ... War flag of the Italian Social Republic. ...

Later years

When war ended in 1945, he was elected secretary of the CGIL - which he had helped bring back into politics through a pact he had signed the previous year with Dino Grandi and Oreste Lizzardi in Rome. The pact recreated CGIL as a representative of all forms of trade unionism - communist, socialist, Roman Catholic, and anarcho-syndicalist. In 1948, the group split after the communists organized a general strike to protest an assassination attempt on PCI-leader Palmiro Togliatti: catholics left to form Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori. On March 5, 1950, the social-democrats (who would become supporters of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party) took a similar attitude, and founded Unione Italiana del Lavoro. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Count Dino Grandi (1895-1988), born in Mordano (BO), Emilia. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC (mythical), early 1st millennium BC (archaeological) Region Latium Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,553,873 almost 4,300,000 1. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Catholicism. ... A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Palmiro Togliatti (March 26, 1893 - August 21, 1964) was an Italian communist leader. ... The Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL or Cisl; Italian Confederation of Workers’ Trade Unions) is an Italian trade union association representing various Roman Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani), or SDI, is a small social democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party and led by Enrico Boselli. ...

Giuseppe Di Vittorio led the CGIL, as a group favored by the PCI and the Italian Socialist Party, until his death. He was also a long-time leader of the World Federation of Trade Unions. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ...

He was followed in his position at the CGIL by Agostino Novella.