Giuseppe Siri (20 May 1906 - 2 May 1989) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the College of Cardinals, ranking below the Pope and appointed by him during a consistory of the College. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus of Nazareth, with its traditions first established by the Twelve Apostles and...

Cardinal Siri

Image File history File links official portrait of Cardinal Siri This work is copyrighted. ...

Biography

Born in the parish of S. Maria Immacolata in Genoa, Italy, his parents were Nicolò Siri and Giulia Bellavista. Alternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ...

Siri entered the Minor Seminary of Genoa on 16 October 1917, Genoa's Major Seminary in 1917, and the Pontifical Gregorian University (Rome) in 1926. He was ordained into the priesthood by Carlo Cardinal Minoretti on 22 September 1928. Siri furthered his studies and pastoral work at Rome from 1928 to Autumn 1929. October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... The Pontifical Gregorian University The Pontifical Gregorian University is a Roman Catholic university in Rome. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1,500 km²  (580 sq mi... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (266th in leap years). ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Elected titular bishop of Liviade and appointed auxiliary of Genoa on 14 March 1944, he was consecrated in May of the same year by Pietro Cardinal Boetto, S.J. at the cathedral of S. Lorenzo; in 1946, he was promoted to the metropolitan see of Genoa. He was raised, in 1953, to the cardinalate by Pope Pius XII and thereby became the youngest Cardinal of the Roman Church. As Archbishop of Genoa, he was one of the more conservative Catholic prelates of the Second Vatican Council and, alongside Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, was part of the conservative association of Council fathers named Coetus Internationalis Patrum. March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1944 calendar). ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genova is a metropolitan see of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was an Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church opened under Pope John XXIII in 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI in 1965. ... Archbishop LefebvreFounder of the Society of St. ... His Eminence Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani (29 October 1890 - 3 August 1979) was Secretary of the Holy Office of the Roman Curia from 1959 to 1966 when that dicastery was reorganized as the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, in which he served as Pro-Prefect, until 1968. ... The Coetus Internationalis Patrum was a study group of more conservative minded participants of the Second Vatican Council. ...

It has been claimed^{[citation needed]} that Siri received the majority vote in the Papal Conclave twice; in 1958 and 1963 (even announcing in the Papal Conclave that he wished to be known as Pope Gregory XVII) but that on both occasions, when faced with threats that Catholics in the Eastern Bloc would face persecution on account of his fiercely anti-Soviet Union opinions in the event of his assuming the papacy, he declined the Papal Tiara. Given that the conduct of papal conclaves is strictly confidential and that any cardinal revealing the details would face instant excommunication, no documentary evidence has ever substantiated or disproved the widely claimed rumour. Cardinal Siri himself denied these rumours repeatedly. However irregularities^{[citation needed]} probably did happen at the 1958 Conclave, as Cardinal Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant, secretary of the Conclave, later admitted.^{[citation needed]} Other rumours had it, that Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian, a Cardinal and Patriarch of the Armenian rite Church in communion with Rome, was elected to the Papacy at the 1958 Conclave. The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... The Sistine Chapel is the location of the conclave. ... A map of the Eastern Bloc. ... The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the Triregnum, and in Italian as the Triregno, is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown, supposedly of Byzantine and Persian origin, that is a symbol of the Roman Catholic papacy. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant (March 24, 1884 - February 21, 1972) was an French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a long-time member of the Roman Curia in Vatican City. ... Krikor Bedros Aghajanian (Armenian: , in Eastern Armenian pronounced as Grigor Petros – Gregory Peter also known under the name French: ) (September 18, 1895 – May 16, 1971) was a leading clergyman of the Armenian Catholic Church. ... For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ... After the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with the rest of Oriental Orthodoxy, formally broke off communion from the Chalcedonian churches, numerous Armenian bishops made attempts to restore communion with the Catholic Church (Rome). ...

Siri was a leading candidate for the papacy (Papabile) in both the August and October 1978 conclaves that followed the deaths of Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul I respectively. Media reports^{[citation needed]} suggested that Siri in fact topped the first count of votes in the August conclave but ultimately was beaten by Albino Luciani, who became Pope John Paul I. Following John Paul I's death, Siri was the leading conservative candidate in opposition to Giovanni Benelli, the leading liberal candidate. Vaticanologists suggested that the eventual winner, Karol Wojtyła, who became Pope John Paul II, was chosen as a compromise candidate between the two. Papabile (plural: Papabili) is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe cardinals of whom it is thought likely or possible that they will be elected pope. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), (Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... Pope John Paul I (in Latin ), born Albino Luciani (October 17, 1912 – September 28, 1978), reigned as pope and as sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 to September 28, 1978. ... John Paul I, seen here on the papal throne, is wearing an inexpensive silver pectoral cross, not the standard golden cross worn by Popes and his uncut hair, simply brushed back, was considered unusual but more genuine and modest than the dandy coifs of the other Cardinals. ... Giovanni Cardinal Benelli (Poggiole di Vernio, diocese of Pistoia, May 12, 1921-October 26, 1982) was one of many Italian cardinals believed to be among the papabili, those considered especially electable to the Pontificate, at the two Papal conclaves of 1978. ... Vaticanologist is a term coined in the mid-to-late twentieth century to describe journalists, academics and commentators whose area of expertise is in studying and understanding the manner by which the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church operates. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni Paolo II), born   (May 18, 1920 – April 2, 2005) reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from October...

Though claimed as Pope by one sedevacantist group that believes the widespread rumours that he had actually been elected to the papacy in 1958 and 1963, only to be displaced by Angelo Roncalli (Blessed Pope John XXIII) and Giovanni Battista Montini (Pope Paul VI) respectively[1], Siri remained in full communion with the official Popes elected and proclaimed, also with Roman Catholic Church and refused to support any sedevacantist Catholic organization.^{[citation needed]} One small sedevacantist group, centered in Houston, Texas still claims him to have been the actual pope, despite Cardinal Siri's own silence as to this claim. This small group, supporters of "The Siri Thesis" [2] [3] have yet to offer any reasonable explanation for the fact that Siri failed to support the "Traditional Roman Catholic movement", the fact that, until his death, Cardinal Siri recognized John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul I and John Paul II as legitimate popes and made public acts of obedience to all of them at the Vatican,^{[citation needed]} the fact that Cardinal Siri, even though conservative and faithful to traditional forms, said the Mass according to the reformed 1970 Roman Missal, ordained in the new rite, consecrated in the new rite (both in Latin),^{[citation needed]} signed all of the documents of Vatican II, held high official positions in the Church and even somewhat defended Vatican II, as long as this Council was seen in the light of Tradition, though he did admit, that "if the Church were not divine, this Council would have buried Her."^{[citation needed]} To explain Siri's silence as to what happened in the Conclaves, supporters of the Siri Theory have suggested that Siri was silenced by the conspirators' use of the Seal of the Confessional. [4] This method of silencing prelates has been suggested by other literature. [5] Sede vacante coat of arms, used when there is no reigning pope. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), (Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... Full communion is completeness of that relationship between Christian individuals and groups which is known as communion. ... Sede vacante coat of arms, used when there is no reigning pope. ... Sirianism is the belief that Cardinal Joseph Siri was the true and rightful Pope elected in 1958 reigning until his eventual death on May 2, 1989. ... This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass; for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass, see Mass (Catholic Church). ... The word tradition, comes from the Latin word traditio which means to hand down or to hand over. ... The Seal of the Confession(al) is the absolute confidentiality for Roman Catholic priests, of anything that they learn from penitents during the course of confession. ...

The biography of Cardinal Siri by Nicla Buonasorte, "Siri. Tradizione e Novecento" (Il Mulino 2006), reports that, while Siri was a friend of Marcel Lefebvre, he disapproved of the latter's "schism from Rome", appealing to him ("on his knees", the Cardinal wrote) not to take that step. In the end, Siri admitted that there was no alternative to excommunicating the dissident bishop. The biographer comments: "In all probability, it is due to Siri that Lefebvre had no significant following in Italy" (Siri, il cardinale dell'Ostpolitik segreta in Corriere della Sera, 13 December 2006). Archbishop LefebvreFounder of the Society of St. ... Corriere della Sera (Evening Mail) is the most important Italian daily newspapers (first in sales [1]), printed in Milan. ... December 13 is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI), a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The same book reports how Siri seems to have turned a blind eye to the assistance given by one or two of his clergy to members of the German National Socialist Party, including Adolf Eichmann, fleeing to South America after the Second World War. It stresses, however, that this was out of compassion for people in difficulties, and quite unconnected with his well-known conservative views, in spite of which he conducted a personal "Ostpolitik" of contacts with the Soviet embassy in favour of the Church in Eastern Europe, without informing Pope Pius XII of these contacts. National Socialism redirects here. ... Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State from March 2, 1939 until his death. ...

Cardinal Siri died on 2 May 1989 in the Villa Campostano, Albaro, and is buried at San Lorenzo metropolitan cathedral in Genoa. May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ...

Bibliography

• Getsemani: Riflessioni sul movimento teologico contemporaneo, by Giuseppe Cardinal Siri, 1980.
• Il Papa non eletto: Giuseppe Siri, cardinale di Santa Romana Chiesa, by Benny Lai, i Robinson, 1993.

Trivia

• In the movie Godfather III, during the election of the Pope John Paul I, 11 votes are cast for a "Siri".
• Before he turned 80 on May 20, 1986, Siri was the last cardinal created by Pius XII who remained eligible to vote in a papal conclave.

The Godfather Part III (1990) is the third film in the Godfather trilogy written by Mario Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola, and directed by Coppola. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy. ... Smoddy | ειπετε 20:22, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

See also

Sirianism Sirianism is the belief that Cardinal Joseph Siri was the true and rightful Pope elected in 1958 reigning until his eventual death on May 2, 1989. ...

External links

• Eclipse of the Church
• Siri, il cardinale dell'Ostpolitik segreta