Glagolitic
Type	Alphabet
Languages	Old Church Slavonic
Created by	Saints Cyril and Methodius
Time period	862/863 to the Middle Ages
Parent systems	artificial script Glagolitic
ISO 15924	Glag
A page from the Zograf Kodex with text of the Gospel of Luke
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It was created by brothers St Cyril (827-869 AD) and St Methodius (826-885 AD) in 855 or around 862–863 in order to translate the Bible and other texts into the Slavic languages. For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation). ... Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian or Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki (Solun) by the 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius. ... Monument to Sts. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Events Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... An artificial or constructed script (also conscript or neography) is a new writing system specifically created by an individual or group, rather than having evolved as part of a language or culture like a natural script. ... ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of writing systems (scripts). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 227 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) A page from the Zograf Kodex with text of the Gospel according to St Luke XIV, 19-24. ... The Gospel of Luke is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels of the New Testament, which tell the story of Jesus life, death, and resurrection. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Europe, where they constitute roughly a third of the population. ... For other uses, see Alphabet (disambiguation). ... See Saint Cyril (disambiguation) for other persons with this name. ... Saint Methodius (Greek: Μεθόδιος; Church Slavonic Мефодии) (b. ... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Events Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup...

The name of the alphabet comes from the Old Slavonic glagolŭ, which means sound (and is also the origin of the name for the letter "G"). Since glagolati also means to speak, the Glagolitsa is poetically referred to as "the marks that speak". Old Slavonic may refer to: Old Church Slavonic language Common Slavonic language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

There are multiple popular versions concerning the authorship of Glagolitsa and the etymology of its name. There are alternative names as well. See later sections for more details.

The name "Glagolitic" is in Czech hlaholice, in Slovak hlaholika, in Polish głagolica, in Russian, Macedonian and Bulgarian глаго́лица (transliterated glagolitsa), in Croatian glagoljica, in Ukrainian глаголиця (transliterated hlaholytsia), in Belarusian глаголіца (transliterated hlaholitsa), in Slovenian glagolica, in Serbian глагољица/glagoljica etc. Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ...

Origins of the Glagolitic characters

The number of letters in the original Glagolitic alphabet is not known. The 41 letters we know today contain ligatures which were probably added later. In later versions, the number of letters drops dramatically, to less than 30 in modern Croatian and Czech recensions of Church Slavonic language. Twenty-four of the 41 original Glagolitic letters (see Great Moravian below) are probably derived from graphemes of the medieval cursive Greek small alphabet, but have been given an ornamental design. It is presumed that the letters sha, shta and tsi were derived from the Hebrew alphabet (the letters ש Shin and צ Tsadi). Another opinion is that sha is derived from two Greek Sigmas placed side by side.¹ The phonemes that these letters represent did not exist in Greek but do exist in Hebrew and are quite common in all Slavic languages. The remaining original characters are of unknown origin. Some of them are presumed to stem from the Hebrew and Samaritan scripts, which Cyril got to know during his journey to the Khazars in Cherson. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... The Greek alphabet is an alphabet that has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century BCE. It was the first alphabet in the narrow sense, that is, a writing system using a separate symbol for each vowel and consonant alike. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... Shin (also spelled Sin or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic (in abjadi order, 12th in modern order). ... Tsade or Tsadi is the 18th letter in the Phoenician and Hebrew alphabets. ... Look up Σ, σ, Ï‚ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ... For other senses of this word, see Samaritan (disambiguation). ... The Khazars (Hebrew Kuzari כוזרי Kuzarim כוזרים; Turkish Hazar Hazarlar; Russian Хазарин Хазары; Tatar sing Xäzär Xäzärlär; Crimean Tatar: ; Greek Χαζάροι/Χάζαροι; Persianخزر khazar; Latin Gazari or Cosri) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia, many of whom converted to Judaism. ... Tauric Chersonesos, Greek Χερσονασος (Chersones, Khersones, Korsun, Russian: Херсонес) was the Greek settlement founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimean (Taurian) Peninsula. ...

The Croatian Glagolitic alphabet has a long and interesting history of more than a thousand years. The Croats using the Glagolitic alphabet were the only nation in Europe who was given a special permission by Pope Innocent IV (in 1248) to use their own language and this script in liturgy.^{[citation needed]} More precisely, this permission was formally given to the bishop Philip of Senj. Bunjevac language or Bunjevac dialect (Bunjevački jezik or Bunjevački dijalekat) is a language/dialect spoken by Bunjevac ethnic group in Vojvodina province of Serbia and Montenegro. ... Burgenland Croatian language or dialect (gradišćanskohrvatski jezik) belongs to the South Slavic branch of the Slavic languages. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... NaÅ¡inski is the Torlakian dialect used by the Gorani in southern Kosovo. ... Serbian (српски језик; srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Å okac language (Å okački jezik) was a language listed in Austro-Hungarian censuses. ... The Romano-Serbian language is a language in the Western group of South Slavic languages. ... The Slavoserbian language (славяносербскій [slavjanoserbskij], словенскій [slovenskij]; in Serbian славеносрпски/slavenosrpski) is a form of the Serbian language which was predominantly used at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century by educated Serbian citizens in Vojvodina, and the Serbian diaspora in other parts of the Habsburg Monarchy. ... The standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian languages differ in various aspects as outlined below. ... Chakavian (Čakavian, čakavski) dialect is one of the three dialects of Croatian language. ... Location map of Kajkavian Kajkavian (kajkavski) dialect is one of the three dialects of the Croatian language. ... Molise Croatian dialect (also: Molise Slavic, Slavisano, na-naÅ¡o) is spoken in the Campobasso Province in the Molise Region of Italy, in three villages — Montemitro (Mundimitar), Aquaviva Collercroce (Živavoda Kruč) and San Felice del Molise (Å tifilić). These have approximately 3,000 speakers. ... Shtokavian (Å tokavian, Å¡tokavski/штокавски) is the primary dialect of the Central South Slavic languages system, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian language. ... Torlak[1] (Торлачки говор or Torlački govor) is the name used for the Slavic dialects spoken in southern and eastern Serbia, northeast Republic of Macedonia (Kratovo-Kumanovo), northwest Bulgaria (Vidin-Bregovo), and further afield in the CaraÅŸ-Severin County in Romania. ... Užican speech (Serbian: ужички говор or užički govor), also known as Zlatiborian speech (златиборски говор or zlatiborski govor) is a dialect of the Serbian language. ... The variant of the Latin alphabet devised by Ljudevit Gaj, in his book 1830 Kratka osnova horvatsko-slavenskog pravopisanja (A short primer of Croatian-Slavic orthography), is currently used as the only script of the Bosnian and Croatian standard languages, and as one of the two scripts of the Serbian... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Bosancica is a script, that was used in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia (Dalmatia and Dubrovnik). ...

Glagolitic letters were also used as numbers, similarly to Cyrillic numerals. Unlike Cyrillic numerals, which inherited their numeric value from the corresponding Greek letter (see Greek numerals), Glagolitic letters were assigned values based on their native alphabetic order. Cyrillic numerals was a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic alphabet, used by South and East Slavic peoples. ... Greek numerals are a system of representing numbers using letters of the Greek alphabet. ...

History

The Bašćanska ploča

A page from the 10th-11th century Codex Zographensis found in the Zograf Monastery in 1843

Rastislav, the Knyaz (Prince) of Great Moravia, wanted to weaken the dependence of his Slavic empire on East Frankish priests, so in 862 he had the Byzantine emperor send two missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius, to Great Moravia. Cyril created a new alphabet for that purpose: the Glagolitic. The alphabet was then used in Great Moravia between 863 (when Cyril and Methodius arrived there) and 885 for government and religious documents and books, and at the Great Moravian Academy (Veľkomoravské učilište) founded by Cyril, where followers of Cyril and Methodius were educated (also by Methodius himself). The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is an abjad of twenty-plus acrophonic glyphs, which is found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca. ... It became one of the most widely used writing systems, and was spread by traders of Phoenicia across Europe and the Middle East, where it became used for a variety of languages and spawned many subsequent scripts. ... The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet is an offshoot of the Phoenician alphabet used to write the Hebrew language from about the 10th century BCE until it began to fall out of use in the 5th century BCE with the adoption of the Aramaic alphabet as a writing system for Hebrew and... Bilingual inscription (Greek and Aramaic) by the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great, 3rd century BC. The Aramaic alphabet is an abjad alphabet designed for writing the Aramaic language. ... Variation of BrāhmÄ« with dates. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section uses Khmer characters which may be rendered as boxes or other nonsensical symbols. ... Javanese script is the script that Javanese is originally written in (not to be confused with Javascript, which is a programming language). ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... 11th century book in Syriac Serto. ... The Nabatean alphabet is a consonantal alphabet (abjad) that was used by the Nabateans in the 2nd century BC. Important inscriptions are found in Petra. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing languages such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and others. ... The Pahlavi script was used broadly in the Sasanid Persian Empire to write down Middle Persian for secular, as well as religious purposes. ... The Avestan alphabet was created in the 3rd century AD for writing the hymns of Zarathustra (a. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... For other uses, see Rune (disambiguation). ... Note: This article contains special characters. ...   The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed by Philostorgius to Wulfila, used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Samaritan alphabet is a direct descendant of the paleo-Hebrew variety of the Phoenician alphabet, the more commonly known Hebrew alphabet having been adapted from the Aramaic alphabet under the Persian Empire. ... Photograph of Botorrita 1 (both sides), 1st century BC. The Iberian scripts (or Iberian alphabet) are two scripts (or two styles of the same script) found on the Iberian peninsula, the Northeast and South Iberian script. ... The ancient South Arabian alphabet (also known as musnad) branched from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet in ca. ... Note: This article contains special characters. ... The Meroitic script is an alphabet of Egyptian (Hieroglyphic) origin used in Kingdom of Meroë. Some scholars, e. ... Jamo redirects here. ... Zhuyin fuhao (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chu-yin fu-hao), or Symbols for Annotating Sounds, often abbreviated as Zhuyin, or known as Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) after the first four letters of this Chinese phonemic alphabet (bo po mo fo), is the national phonetic system of the... Nearly all the segmental scripts (alphabets, but see below for more precise terminology) used around the globe were apparently derived from the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 377 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (555 × 883 pixel, file size: 430 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Codex Zographensis, 10th-11th century, Zograf Monastery. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 377 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (555 × 883 pixel, file size: 430 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Codex Zographensis, 10th-11th century, Zograf Monastery. ... Codex Zographensis Codex Zographensis The Codex Zographensis (Bulgarian: , Zografsko chetveroevangelie, Four Gospels of Zograf) is an illuminated manuscript that was found in the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos in 1843 by A. Mihanović, and which dates from the late 10th or early 11th century. ... The St George the Zograf or Zograf Monastery (Bulgarian: Зографски манастир, Zografski manastir; Greek: Μονή Ζωγράφου) is a Bulgarian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Rastislav (?-870) was the second prince of Great Moravia. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Distribution of Slavic people by language The Slavic peoples are a linguistic and ethnic branch of Indo-European peoples, living mainly in Europe, where they constitute roughly a third of the population. ... Statue of Charlemagne (also called Karl der Große, Charles the Great) in Frankfurt, Germany. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Monument to Sts. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Events Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland. ... Events Vikings besiege Paris Stephen VI elected pope Oldest known mentioning of Baky Births Emperor Daigo of Japan Deaths Pope Adrian III April 6: Saint Methodius, bishop and Bible translator Categories: 885 ...

In 886, an East Frankish bishop of Nitra named Wiching banned the script and jailed 200 followers of Methodius (mostly students of the original academy). They were then dispersed or, according to some sources, sold as slaves by Franks. Three of them however reached Bulgaria and were commissioned by Boris I of Bulgaria to teach and instruct the future clergy of the state into the Slavic languages. After the adoption of Christianity in Bulgaria in 865, religious ceremonies and Divine Liturgy were conducted in Greek by clergy sent from the Byzantine Empire, using the Byzantine rite. Fearing growing Byzantine influence and weakening of the state, Boris viewed the introduction of the Slavic alphabet and language in church use as a way to preserve the independence of Slavic Bulgaria from Greek Constantinople. As a result of Boris's measures, two academies in Ohrid and Preslav were founded. Events The Glagolitic alphabet, devised by Cyril and Methodius, missionairies from Constantinople, is adopted in the Bulgarian Empire. ... Nitra - City Center Nitra (German: ( ); Hungarian: / Nyitria [archaic]) is a city in western Slovakia (and the fourth largest urban settlement in Slovakia) situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the Nitra River valley. ... Boris I Michail or Boris I Michael (Bulgarian Борис I Михаил, known also as Bogoris)(died May 2, 907) was the khan from 852 to 889 and first Christian ruler of Bulgaria. ... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ... Events Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866). ... The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. ... Byzantine Empire at its greatest extent c. ... The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called Constantinopolitan, is the liturgical rite used (in various languages) by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches and by several Eastern Rite particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ... Map of Constantinople. ... The Ohrid Literary School was one of the two major medieval Bulgarian cultural centres, along with the Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School). ... Ceramic icon of St. ...

From there, the students traveled to various other places and spread the use of their alphabet. Some went to Croatia and Dalmatia, where the squared variant arose and where the Glagolitic remained in use for a long time. In 1248, Pope Innocent IV gave the Croats of southern Dalmatia the unique privilege of using their own language and this script in the Roman Rite liturgy. Formally given to bishop Philip of Senj, the permission actually extended to all Croatian lands using the Glagolitic liturgy (a ritually Latin, liturgical rite conducted in Slavonic language), mostly along the Adriatic coast. The Vatican had several Glagolitic missals published in Rome. It was eventually replaced with the Latin alphabet, but the use of the Slavonic language in the Masses of many parishes in Dalmatia continued, although the Roman Rite rituals were followed, not the Byzantine rite. Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... For broader historical context, see 1240s and 13th century. ... Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 – Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ... Croatian is: Croatian language adjective for that which belongs to Croatia ethnic Croat (deprecated) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Latin Rite, in the singular and accompanied, in English, by the definite article, refers to the sui juris particular Church of the Roman Catholic Church that developed in the area of western Europe and northern Africa where Latin was for many centuries the language of education and culture. ... Senj (Latin Senia,Hungarian Zengg, Italian Segna, Serbian: Сењ ) is a city in the Lika-Senj county of Croatia, population 8,132 (2001), geographically located at 44°57′N 14°54′E. Senj is located on the Adriatic coast below the Vratnik mountain pass which separates the Velebit mountain from the... Latin liturgical rites used within that area of the Roman Catholic Church where the Latin language once dominated (the Latin Rite or Western Catholic Church) were for many centuries no less numerous than the liturgical rites of the Eastern autonomous particular Churches. ... Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic or Old Bulgarian, incorrectly Old Slavic ) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Solun (Thessaloniki) by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. ... The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ... Missal, in the Roman Catholic Church, is a liturgical book containing all instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Masses throughout the year. ... Old Church Slavonic (also called Old Church Slavic or Old Bulgarian, incorrectly Old Slavic ) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Solun (Thessaloniki) by 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. ... A Medieval Low Mass by a bishop. ... Dalmatia, highlighted, on a map of Croatia. ... Latin Rite, in the singular and accompanied, in English, by the definite article, refers to the sui juris particular Church of the Roman Catholic Church that developed in the area of western Europe and northern Africa where Latin was for many centuries the language of education and culture. ... The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called Constantinopolitan, is the liturgical rite used (in various languages) by all the Eastern Orthodox Churches and by several Eastern Rite particular Churches within the Catholic Church. ...

Some of the students of the Ohrid academy went to Bohemia where the alphabet was used in the 10th and 11th century, along with other scripts. Glagolitic was also used in Russia, although rarely. Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ...

At the end of the 9th century, one of these students of Methodius who was settled in Preslav (Bulgaria) created the Cyrillic alphabet, which almost entirely replaced the Glagolitic during the Middle Ages. The Cyrillic alphabet is derived from the Greek alphabet, with (at least 10) letters peculiar to Slavic languages being derived from the Glagolitic. As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Preslav (Bulgarian: Преслав) was capital of the First Bulgarian Empire from 893 to 972. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Nowadays, Glagolitic is only used for Church Slavonic (Croatian and Czech recensions) and, sometimes, vernacular in the service-books of the Catholic Eparchy of Križevci in Croatia. Page from the Spiridon Psalter in Church Slavonic. ... Recension is the name given to the critical revision of the text of an author, or the revised text itself. ... The Eparchy of Križevci is the eparchy comprising the Croatian Byzantine Catholic Church, a Catholic Church sui iuris [1] of the Byzantine Eastern Rite. ...

Versions of authorship and name

The tradition that the alphabet was designed by Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius has not been universally accepted. A less common belief, contradicting allochtonic Slovene origin, was that the Glagolitic was created or used by 4th century St. Jerome, hence the alphabet is sometimes named Hieronymian. Saint Cyril (Greek: Κύριλλος , Church Slavonic: Кирилъ) (827 - February 14, 869) was a Byzantine Greek monk, scholar, theologian, and linguist. ... Saint Methodius (Greek: Μεθόδιος; Church Slavonic Мефодии) (b. ... “Saint Jerome” redirects here. ...

In a book printed in 1591, Angelo Rocca attributed the Glagolitic letters to Saint Jerome (Sanctus Hieronymus).

It is also acrophonically called azbuki from the names of its first two letters, on the same model as 'alpha' + 'beta'. (Actually, the word means simply "alphabet", see its a bit later form azbuka for the Cyrillic alphabet). The Slavs of Great Moravia (present-day Slovakia and Moravia), Hungary, Slovenia and Slavonia were called Slověne at that time, which gives rise to the name Slovenish for the alphabet. Some other, more rare, names for this alphabet are Bukvitsa (from common Slavonic word 'bukva' meaning 'letter', and a suffix '-itsa') and Illyrian. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Angelo Rocca b. ... In an acrophonic alphabet the initial (Greek: acro) sound (phonos) of a word gives the name to the whole. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Macedonian, Russian, Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Great Moravia was an empire existing in Central Europe between 833 and the early 10th century. ... Flag of Moravia Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava; German: ; Hungarian: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in the east of the Czech RepublicCzechia. ... Coat of arms Slavonia (Croatian: Slavonija) is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia. ...

Hieronymian version

In the Middle Ages, Glagolitsa was also known as "St. Jerome's script" due to popular mediaeval legend (created by Croatian scribes in 13th century) ascribing its invention to St Jerome (342-429). Saint-Jérôme, Quebec is a town in Quebec, near Mirabel, about 40 kilometers (25 miles) northwest of Montreal along Autoroute des Laurentides. ...

Till end of the 18th century, a strange but widespread opinion dominated, that the glagolitic writing system which was in use in Dalmatia and Istria with neighbor islands, as well as the translation of the Holy Scripture, owe their existing to the famous church's father St. Jerome. Knowing him as author of Latin "Vulgata", considering him - as a Dalmatia-born - a Slav, and especially a Croatian, the home-bred slavonic intellectuals in Dalmatia very early began to ascribe him the invention of glagolitsa: possibly on purpose, with the intention to more successfully defend both Slavonic writing and Slavonic holy service against prosecutions and prohibitions from the Rome hierarchy's side, thus using the honourable opinion of the famous Latin holy father to protect their church rituals which were inherited from the Greeks Cyril and Methody. We don't know who was the first to put in motion this based on nothing scientific tradition about St. Jerome's authorship of glagolitic script and translation of the Holy Scripture, but in 1248 this version has come to the knowledge of Pope Innocent IV. <…> The belief in St. Jerome as an inventor of glagolitic script lasted many centuries, not only at his homeland, i.e. in Dalmatia and Croatia, not only in Rome, due to Slavs living there… but also in the West. To the Czechia, the legend was brought in the 14th century by Croatian monks-glagolitas, and even the Emperor Charles IV got believed them^[1]

The epoque of traditional attribution of the script to Jerome ended probably in 1812. ^[2] In modern times, only certain marginal authors share this point of view, usually "re-discovering" one of already known mediaeval sources. ^[3]

Naïve etymology versions of the word "glagolitsa"

• glago+litsa: "glago" is (an impossible) shortcut from "glagolŭ", "litsa" means "faces" (plural from Old Slavonic "лице" (litse, face), Russian "лицо" (litso, face) etc.); thus glagolitsa = talking faces
• glago+li+tsa, where particle 'li' means 'if' or '?', and 'co' (pronounced "tso") - 'what' in Polish; result has to mean 'what if' or 'what about' (those faces) talking?

A question mark is a punctuation mark. ...

Pre-Glagolic Slavonic writing systems

A hypothetical pre-Glagolic writing system is typically referenced as cherty i rezy (strokes and incisions) ^[4] - but no material evidence of the existing of any pre-Glagolitic Slavonic writing system was found, only a few short and foggy references in old chronicles and lives of the saints. All artefacts presented as witnesses of pre-glagolitic Slavonic inscriptions were later attributed as texts in known scripts and in known non-Slavonic languages, or just as falsifications. ^[5] The well-known Chernorizets Hrabar's strokes and incisions are usually considered as reference to a kind of property mark or some fortune-telling signs. The 'Russian letters' from one version of St. Cyril's life are explainable as misspelled 'Syrian letters' (in Slavonic, the roots are very similar: 'рус-' (rus-) vs. 'сур-' (sur-, syr-)) etc. No extant evidence of pre-Christian (i. ...

Characteristics

The alphabet has two variants: round and square. The round variant is dominated by circles and smooth curves, and the square variant features a lot of right angles, and sometimes trapezoids. See an image of both variants (incomplete). Or for more details The square variant lends itself to a more abundant use of ligatures than in the Latin or the Cyrillic script. In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more letterforms are written or printed as a unit. ...

The following table lists each letter in order, giving a picture (round variant), its name, its approximate sound in IPA, the presumed origin (if applicable), and the corresponding modern Cyrillic letter. The names Yer to Yus are sometimes written Jer to Jus. There are several letters that have no modern counterpart, such as the nasal vowels Yus. Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through nose as well as the mouth. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ...

Picture	Unicode character	Old Church Slavonic name	Church Slavonic name	Sound	Presumed origin	Modern slavic Cyrillic equivalent
	Ⰰ	Az'	Az	/ɑ/	The sign of the cross, or Hebrew Alef א	(А а) A
	Ⰱ	Buky	Buky	/b/	Unknown; Samaritan /m/ is the same letter mirrored	(Б б) Be
	Ⰲ	Vede	Vedi	/ʋ/	Probably from Latin V	(В в) Ve
	Ⰳ	Glagolji	Glagoli	/ɡ/	(Γ γ) Greek Gamma	(Г г) Ghe; see also (Ґ ґ) Ukrainian Ghe
	Ⰴ	Dobro	Dobro	/d/	(Δ δ) Greek Delta (compare /v/ as /d/ turned upside down)	(Д д) De
	Ⰵ	Jest'	Jest	/ɛ/	Probably Samaritan /he/ or Greek number sampi (900)	(Е е) Ye; see also (Э э) E and (Є є) Ukrainian Ye
	Ⰶ	Zhivete	Zhivete	/ʒ/	Probably Coptic janja (Ϫϫ)	(Ж ж) Zhe
	Ⰷ	Dzelo	Dzelo	/ʣ/	Probably Greek stigma (Ϛϛ)	(Ѕ ѕ) Macedonian Dze
	Ⰸ	Zemlja	Zemlja	/z/	(Θ θ) Variant of Greek Theta	(З з) Ze
,	Ⰺ, Ⰹ	Izhe	Izhe (Octal I)	/i/, /j/	(Ι ι) Greek Iota with dieresis	(И и) I; also (Й й) Short I
	Ⰻ	[I]	I (Decimal I)	/i/, /j/	Source unknown, probably combination of Christian symbols circle and triangle	(І і) Belarusian/Ukrainian I; also (Ї, ї) Ukrainian Yi
	Ⰼ	[Djerv']		/ʥ/	Source unknown	(Ћ ћ) Serbian Tshe and later (Ђ ђ) Serbian Dje
	Ⰽ	Kako	Kako	/k/	From Hebrew Qof ק	(К к) Ka
	Ⰾ	Ljudije	Ljudi	/l/, /ʎ/	(Λ λ) Greek Lambda	(Л л) El
	Ⰿ	Mislete	Mislete	/m/	(Μ μ) Greek Mu	(М м) Em
	Ⱀ	Nash'	Nash	/n/, /ɲ/	Source unknown	(Н н) En
	Ⱁ	On'	On	/ɔ/	Source unknown	(О о) O
	Ⱂ	Pokoji	Pokoj	/p/	(Π π) Greek Pi	(П п) Pe
	Ⱃ	Rtsi	Rtsi	/r/	(Ρ ρ) Greek Rho	(Р р) Er
	Ⱄ	Slovo	Slovo	/s/	Source unknown, probably combination of Christian symbols circle and triangle	(С с) Es
	Ⱅ	Tvrdo	Tverdo	/t/	(Τ τ) Greek Tau	(Т т) Te
	Ⱆ	Uk'	Uk	/u/	Ligature of on and izhitsa	(У у) U
	Ⱇ	Frt'	Fert	/f/	(Φ φ) Greek Phi	(Ф ф) Ef
	Ⱈ	Kher'	Kher	/x/	Unknown, compare /g/ and Latin h	(Х х) Ha
	Ⱉ	Oht'	Oht, Omega	/ɔ/	Ligature of on and its mirrored image	(Ѿ ѿ) Ot (obsolete)
	Ⱋ	Shta	Shta	/ʃt/	Ligature of Sha on top of Cherv (or of Tverdo, less probably)	(Щ щ) Shcha
	Ⱌ	Tsi	Tsi	/ʦ/	(ץ) Hebrew Tsade, final form	(Ц ц) Tse
	Ⱍ	Chrv'	Cherv	/ʧ/	(צ) Hebrew Tsade, non-final form	(Ч ч) Che
	Ⱎ	Sha	Sha	/ʃ/	(ש) Hebrew Shin ש	(Ш ш) Sha
	Ⱏ	Yer'	Yer	/ɯ/	Probably modification of On	(Ъ ъ) hard sign
	ⰟⰊ	Yery	Yery	/ɨ/	Ligature, see the note under the table	(Ы ы) Yery
	Ⱐ	Yerj'	Yerj	/ɘ/	Probably modification of On	(Ь ь) soft sign
	Ⱑ	Yat'	Yat	/æ/, /jɑ/	Maybe from epigraphic Greek Alpha Α, or ligature of Greek E+I	(Ѣ ѣ) Yat (removed from Russian in 1917–1918, from Bulgarian in 1945)
	Ⱖ			/jɛ/		(Ѥ ѥ) E iotified (a hypothetical form)
	Ⱓ	Yu	Yu	/ju/	Simplified ligature IOV	(Ю ю) Yu
	Ⱔ	[Ens']	Ya, Small Yus	/ɛ̃/		(Ѧ ѧ) Yus Small, later (Я я) Ya
	Ⱗ	[Yens']	[Small Iotified Yus]	/jɛ̃/	Ligature of Jest and nasality	(Ѩ ѩ) Yus Small Iotified (obsolete)
	Ⱘ	[Ons']	[Big Yus]	/ɔ̃/	Ligature of On and nasality	(Ѫ ѫ) Yus Big (removed from Bulgarian in 1945)
	Ⱙ	[Yons']	[Big Iotified Yus]	/jɔ̃/		(Ѭ ѭ) Yus Big Iotified (removed from Bulgarian in 1910s)
	Ⱚ	[Thita]	Fita	/θ/	(Θ θ) Greek Theta	(Ѳ ѳ) Fita (removed from Russian in 1917–1918)
	Ⱛ	Izhitsa	Izhitsa	/ʏ/, /i/	Ligature of Izhe and Yer	(Ѵ ѵ) Izhitsa (officially obsolete in Russian since 1870s, but used till 1917–1918)

Note that Yery is simply a digraph of Yer and I. In older texts, Uk and three out of four Yuses also can be written as digraphs, in two separate parts. The order of Izhe and I varies from source to source, as does the order of the various forms of Yus. Correspondence between Glagolitic Izhe and I - and Cyrillic И and I - is not known; textbooks and dictionaries often mention one of two possible versions and keep silence about the existence of the opposite one. Old Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian or Old Slavic) is the first literary Slavic language, developed from the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki (Solun) by the 9th century Byzantine missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius. ... Page from the Spiridon Psalter in Church Slavonic. ... The letter Az from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... A (А, а) is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Buki from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Б, б in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter Vedi from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Ve (Ð’, в) is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound . ... Image:GlagolitsaGlagol. ... Gamma (uppercase Γ, lowercase γ) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. ... Look up Г, г in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ghe (Ґ, Ò‘, also called ge with upturn) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet pronounced like the G in go. Originally part of the Ukrainian and Belarusian alphabets, its function was replaced by the letter Ge (Г) in the Soviet Union after 1933. ... Image:GlagolitsaDobro. ... Look up Δ, δ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... De (Д, д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Jest from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Ye, or E (&#1045;, &#1077;), is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... E or E Oborotnoye (Э, э) is a letter of the Russian alphabet, representing the non-iotated vowel, IPA: or ). Code positions See also Glagolitic alphabet Categories: | ... Ye (Є, Ñ”) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian language to represent the iotated vowel sound /je/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Writing system stubs ... The letter Zhivete from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... The Coptic alphabet is an alphabet used for writing the Coptic language. ... Zhe (Ж, ж) is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the voiced postalveolar fricative (listen), similar to the s in the English word treasure. Zhe is the 7th letter of the Bulgarian and Belarusian alphabets, the 8th letter in the Macedonian, Russian and Serbian alphabets, and the 9th in the Ukrainian... The letter Dzelo from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Stigma is a ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, sometimes used nowadays to represent the Greek numeral 6. ... Dze (Ð…, Ñ•) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language; it is, however, much older and is found in the original Slavonic alphabet. ... The letter Zemlja from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Theta (upper case &#920;, lower case &#952;) is the 8th letter of the Greek alphabet. ... Ze (&#1047;, &#1079;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/. Its easily confusable with the number 3, for example the stages of the N1 rocket. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The letter Izhe from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Iota (upper case &#921;, lower case &#953;) is the 9th letter of the Greek alphabet. ... I or Y (И, и) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, pronounced in Russian, or in Ukrainian. ... &#1049;, &#1081; (Short I) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter I from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... I (І, Ñ–) (also called decimal I, or dotted I) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. ... Yi (&#1031;, &#1111;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian language. ... The letter Dzherv from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Tshe (Ћ, Ñ›) is 23rd letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. ... Dje, or Djerv (Ђ, Ñ’) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound , a voiced alveolo-palatal affricate. ... The letter Kako from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Ka (К, к) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Ljudi from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Λ, λ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... El (&#1051;, &#1083;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Mislete from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Îœ, μ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Em (&#1052;, &#1084;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /m/. Code positions This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ... The letter Nash from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Н, н in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The letter On from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... O (&#1054;, &#1086;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... Image:GlagolitsaPokoj. ... For other uses, see Pi (disambiguation) Pi (upper case Π, lower case Ï€ or Ï–) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. ... Pe (П, п) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/. It arose directly from the Greek letter Pi (Π, Ï€). The shape of capital printed Pe can be described as a square with the bottom line missing, not to be confused with El (Cyrillic), which has a curved left. ... Image:GlagolitsaRtsi. ... Rho (upper case Ρ, lower case ρ) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. ... Er (&#1056;, &#1088;) is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Slovo from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The letter Tverdo from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Τ, Ï„ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Te (&#1058;, &#1090;) is the letter representing the consonant /t/ in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Uk from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... U (&#1059;, &#1091;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/. Categories: Cyrillic letters | Substubs ... The letter Fert from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Φ, φ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ef (&#1060;, &#1092;) is the twenty-first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Kher from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... ... The letter Oht from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Ot (Ѿ, Ñ¿) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, a ligature of the letters Omega and Te. ... The letter Shta from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Shcha or Shta (Щ, щ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant // or // in Russian, // or // in Ukrainian, and the consonant // in Bulgarian. ... The letter Tsi from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Tsade (also spelled or Tzadi or Sadhe) is the eighteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew ‎ and Arabic alphabet ‎. Its oldest sound value is probably IPA: , although there is a variety of pronunciation in different modern Semitic languages and their dialects. ... Tse (Ц, ц) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... Image:GlagolitsaCherv. ... Tsade (also spelled or Tzadi or Sadhe) is the eighteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew ‎ and Arabic alphabet ‎. Its oldest sound value is probably IPA: , although there is a variety of pronunciation in different modern Semitic languages and their dialects. ... Che (&#1063;, &#1095;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant cluster /tS/ or /tS/ (like the ch in change). Categories: Cyrillic letters | Stub ... The letter Sha from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Shin (also spelled Sin or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew and Arabic (in abjadi order, 12th in modern order). ... Sha (&#1064;, &#1096;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound /&#643;/ or /&#643;&#690;/. This is equivalent to sh in English, ch in French, sch in German, &#351; in Turkish, or sz in Polish. ... The letter Jer from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... The letter (&#1066;, &#1098;) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (&#1090;&#1074;&#1105;&#1088;&#1076;&#1099;&#1081; &#1079;&#1085;&#1072;&#1082; ) in the modern Russian alphabet and as er golyam (&#1077;&#1088; &#1075;&#1086;&#1083;&#1103;&#1084;, big yer) in the Bulgarian alphabet. ... The letter Jery from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Yery (Ы, Ñ‹) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Jerj from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Soft Sign (Ь, ÑŒ) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet (Russian: мягкий знак (mÄ­ahkiy znak) [], Ukrainian: м’який знак (miakyy znak) [], Belarusian: мяккі знак (miakki znak) []). It is named so because it usually indicates softening, or palatalization, of the preceding consonant or of the group of them. ... The letter Jat from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Yat or Jat (, ) is the name of the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet, or of the sound it represents. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The letter Jo from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... E iotified (&#1124;, &#1125;) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... The letter Ju from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Yu (&#1070;, &#1102;) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the iotated vowel /ju/. In common with many Cyrillic letters, it was derived from a digraph, being a ligature of Izhe (then &#1030;) or Izhei (then &#1053;, both now &#1048;) and Uk (&#1144;, no longer in the alphabet). ... The unpalatalised front form of the letter Jus from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The palatalised front form of the letter Jus from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... The unpalatalised back form of the letter Jus from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The palatalised back form of the letter Jus from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels, in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. ... // The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... The letter Thita from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Look up Θ, θ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Fita (&#1138;, &#1139;) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Theta. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The letter Izhitsa from the Glagolitic alphabet. ... Izhitsa (Ñ´, ѵ) is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

Unicode

The Glagolitic alphabet was added to Unicode in version 4.1. The codepoint range is U+2C00 – U+2C5E. See Mapping of Unicode Characters for context. Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ... Unicode’s Universal Character Set potentially supports over 1 million code points (1,114,112 = 220 + 216 or 17 × 216, hexadecimal 110000) code points. ...

In popular culture

In Western Europe, Glagolitic is one of the least known Eastern European alphabets. It also has a particularly exotic appearance to Western eyes, as (unlike Cyrillic or Greek) few of the letters bear any resemblance to Roman letters. It may be for this reason that Glagolitic was selected as the script used by an extraterrestrial species in the 3-D IMAX movie, Alien Adventure. Not only did the aliens write in Glagolitic, but their leader was called "Cyrillus" (However, the alien language was unrelated to Slavonic, as in fact they spoke the Walloon language, a dialect from the production company's homeland, Belgium). “Green people” redirects here. ... In film, the term 3-D (or 3D) is used to describe any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images of the third dimension, the illusion of depth as seen by the viewer. ... IMAX theatre at the Melbourne Museum complex, Australia BFI London IMAX by night IMAX dome in Guayaquil, Ecuador IMAX (short for Image Maximum) is a film format created by Canadas IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film display... Alien Adventure is a science fiction/slapstick comedy 3-D film in IMAX format released in 1999 by nWave Pictures, written and directed by Ben Stassen. ... Walloon (Walon) is a regional Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Wallonia (Belgium). ...

Miscellanea

Glagolitsa in Zagreb cathedral

• In Istria, a road connecting the hill towns of Roč and Hum is known as the "Glagolitic Avenue." Along this road is a series of 1970's-era monuments to the Glagolitic alphabet. The town of Hum also contains many examples of Glagolitic script on various monuments in its walls.
• Perhaps the most well-known public display of Glagolitic script is found in the cathedral at Zagreb.
• Slovak passports issued prior to the EU accession had their pages watermarked by Glagolitic letters.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 474 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 758 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image taken by Yrjö Kari-Koskinen. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 474 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (600 × 758 pixel, file size: 154 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Image taken by Yrjö Kari-Koskinen. ... Istria (Croatian and Slovenian: Istra, Venetian and Italian: Istria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. ... Roč is a tiny town in Istria, north-west Croatia, with a population of only 180 people. ... Hums bell-tower Hum on the map of Croatia Hum (Italian: Colmo) is a tiny town in the central part of Istria, north-west Croatia, seven kilometers from Roč, 14 km southeast of Buzet on a hill above the Mirna valley. ... Zagreb cathedral Zagreb cathedral on Kaptol is probably the most famous building in Zagreb, as its spires can be seen from many locations in the city. ...

References

1. ^ До конца XVIII века господствовало странное, но широко распространенное мнение, что глаголическое письмо, бывшее в употреблении в Далмации и Истрии с прилегающими островами и в приморской Хорватии, вместе с переводом священного писания, обязано своим существованием знаменитому отцу церкви св. Иерониму. Зная о нем как авторе латинской «Вульгаты», считая его же как уроженца Далмации славянином, в частности хорватом, домашняя славянская интеллигенция Далмации стала очень рано присваивать ему изобретение глаголицы, быть может, нарочно, с тем умыслом, чтобы успешнее отстаивать и письмо, и богослужение славянское от преследований и запретов со стороны римской иерархии, прикрывая авторитетным именем знаменитого латинского отца церкви свой от греков Кирилла и Мефодия унаследованный обряд. Кем впервые пущено в ход это ни на чем не основанное ученое предание об авторстве св. Иеронима по части глаголического письма и перевода св. писания, мы не знаем, но в 1248 году оно дошло уже до сведения папы Иннокентия IV. <…> Много столетий продолжалась эта вера в Иеронима как изобретателя глаголического письма, не только дома, т. е. в Далмации и Хорватии, не только в Риме, через проживавших там славян… но также и на западе. В Чехию предание занесено в XIV столетии хорватскими монахами-глаголитами, которым поверил даже император Карл IV. (Jagić 1911, pp. 51-52)
2. ^ P. Solarić's "Букварь славенскiй трiазбучный" (Three-alphabet Slavonic Primer), Venice, 1812 mentions the version as a fact of scinnce (see Jagić 1911, p. 52; Vajs 1932, p. 23).
3. ^ For example, K. Šegvić in Nastavni vjesnik, XXXIX, sv. 9-10, 1931, refers to a work of Rabanus Maurus. (see Vajs 1932, p. 23).
4. ^ Chernorizets Hrabar An Account of Letters; Preslav 895; Oldest manuscript 1348
5. ^ L. Niederle, "Slovanské starožitnosti" (Slavonic antiquities), III 2, 735; citation can be found in Vajs 1932, p. 4.

Rabanus Maurus (left) presents his work to Otgar of Mainz Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c. ... Chernorizetz Hrabar (Chernorizetz the Brave) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar and writer working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. ... Events Bohemia breaks away from Great Moravia Arnulf of Carinthia undertakes his second Italian campaign Approximate date of composition of the Musica enchiriadis, the beginnings of western polyphonic music Births Athelstan of England Erik Bloodaxe, king of Norway 933-935 (+954) Deaths Categories: 895 ... April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ...

Literature

• Bauer, Antun: Armeno-kavkasko podrijetlo starohrvatske umjetnosti, glagoljice i glagoljaštva. Tko su i odakle Hrvati, p. 65-69, Znanstveno društvo za proučavanje etnogeneze, Zagreb 1992.
• ¹Diringer, David: The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind. London: Hutchinson, 1967.
• Franolić, Branko: Croatian Glagolitic Printed Texts Recorded in the British Library General Catalogue. Zagreb - London - New York, Croatian Information Center, 1994. 49 p.
• Fučić, Branko: Glagoljski natpisi. (In: Djela Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, knjiga 57.) Zagreb, 1982. 420 p.
• Fullerton, Sharon Golke: Paleographic Methods Used in Dating Cyrillic and Glagolitic Slavic Manuscripts. (In: Slavic Papers No. 1.) Ohio, 1975. 93 p.
• Гошев, Иван: Рилски глаголически листове. София, 1956. 130 p.
• Jachnow, Helmut: Eine neue Hypothese zur Provenienz der glagolitischen Schrift - Überlegungen zum 1100. Todesjahr des Methodios von Saloniki. In: R. Rathmayr (Hrsg.): Slavistische Linguistik 1985, München 1986, 69-93.
• Jagić, Vatroslav: Glagolitica. Würdigung neuentdeckter Fragmente, Wien, 1890.
• Ягичъ, И. В.: Глаголическое письмо. In: Энциклопедiя славянской филологiи, вып. 3, Спб., 1911.
• Japundžić, Marko: Postanak glagoljskog pisma. Tromjesečnik Hrvatska, srpanj 1994, p. 62-73.
• Japundžić, Marko: Tragom hrvatskog glagolizma. Zagreb 1995, 173 p.
• Japundžić, Marko: Hrvatska glagoljica. Hrvatska uzdanica, Zagreb 1998, 100 p.
• Japundžić, Marko: Gdje, kada i kako je nastala glagoljica i ćirilica. Staroiransko podrijetlo Hrvata p. 429-444, Naklada Z. Tomičić, Zagreb 1999.
• Kiparsky, Valentin: Tschernochvostoffs Theorie über den Ursprung des glagolitischen Alphabets In: M. Hellmann u.a. (Hrsg.): Cyrillo-Methodiana. Zur Frühgeschichte des Christentums bei den Slaven, Köln 1964, 393-400.
• Miklas, Heinz (Hrsg.): Glagolitica: zum Ursprung der slavischen Schriftkultur, Wien, 2000.
• Steller, Lea-Katharina: A glagolita írás In: B.Virághalmy, Lea: Paleográfiai kalandozások. Szentendre, 1995. ISBN 9634509223
• Vais, Joseph: Abecedarivm Palaeoslovenicvm in usum glagolitarum. Veglae [Krk], 1917. XXXVI, 74 p.
• Vajs, Josef: Rukovet hlaholske paleografie. Uvedení do knizního písma hlaholskeho. V Praze, 1932. 178 p, LIV. tab.
• Žubrinić, Darko: Biti pismen - biti svoj. Crtice iz povijesti glagoljice. Hrvatsko književno društvo Sv. Jeronima, Zagreb 1994, 297 p.

Photo of Szentendres Fő tér (Main Square) Szentendre (Medieval Latin: Sankt Andrae; Serbian: Сентандреја or Sentandreja; German: Sankt Andrä; Slovak: Senondrej; Croatian: Sentandrija) is a riverside town in Pest county, Hungary, near the capital city of Budapest. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Glagolitsa

• Glagolitic Mass
• Glagolitic Alphabet Day
• Codex Marianus
• Codex Zographensis

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... The Glagolitic Mass (also called Slavonic Mass; in Czech Glagolská mše and sometimes Mša glagolskaja) usually refers to a particular composition for soloists, chorus and orchestra by Leoš Janáček. ... Saints Cyril and Methodius, together with the Cyrillic alphabet. ... The Codex Marianus is a Gospel book that is (along with Codex Zographensis), one of the oldest manuscript witnesses to the Old Church Slavonic language. ... Codex Zographensis Codex Zographensis The Codex Zographensis (Bulgarian: , Zografsko chetveroevangelie, Four Gospels of Zograf) is an illuminated manuscript that was found in the Bulgarian Zograf Monastery on Mount Athos in 1843 by A. Mihanović, and which dates from the late 10th or early 11th century. ...

External links

• Croatian Glagolitic Script
• Croatian Glagolitic Script
• The Glagolitic alphabet at omniglot.com
• The Budapest Glagolitic Fragments - links to a Unicode Glagolitic font, Dilyana
• Glagolitic Fonts
• Usage of numbers