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Glen Canyon

Hite Crossing Bridge of Utah Highway 95 at Glen Canyon

Glen Canyon, in southeastern and south central Utah and northwestern Arizona within the Vermilion Cliffs area, was carved by two rivers, the Colorado River and the San Juan River. Image File history File links Emblem-important. ... Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Colorado River from the bottom of Marble Canyon, in the Upper Grand Canyon Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River from Laughlin Horseshoe Bend is a horseshoe-shaped meander of the Colorado River located near the town of Page, Arizona The Colorado River is... Categories: Stub | Colorado rivers | Utah rivers ...

A reservoir, Lake Powell was created by the Glen Canyon Dam. Lake Powell emerged from a struggle over damming Dinosaur National Monument. The Sierra Club and its leader, David Brower, were instrumental in blocking the dam in Dinosaur. In exchange, they accepted a dam in Glen Canyon. Before the canyon was flooded, but after the struggle in Congress, Brower floated the canyon and realized what a tremendous resource it was. This experience transformed Brower's attitude towards environmental preservation, making him more radical and less likely to compromise. It was very similar to the experience of John Muir with Hetch Hetchy. For Brower, it steeled him for the battle over a dam in the Grand Canyon. Beginning in the late 1990's, the Sierra Club and other organizations renewed the call to drain Lake Powell in Lower Glen Canyon. The Ashokan Reservoir, located in Ulster County, New York, USA. It is one of 19 that supplies New York City with drinking water. ... Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. ... Glen Canyon Dam on 19 June 2005. ... Dinosaur National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between the American states of Colorado and Utah at the confluence of the Green and Yampa Rivers. ... The Sierra Club is an American environmental organization founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. ... David Ross Brower (July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was the founder of many environmentalist organizations including the Sierra Club Foundation, the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, Friends of the Earth (1969), the League of Conservation Voters, Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the... For other persons named John Muir, see John Muir (disambiguation). ... Hetch Hetchy Valley is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in California. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ...

Pre-dam history and rescue archaeology

Around 1956, archaeologists and biologists from the University of Utah and the Museum of Northern Arizona, using National Park research grants, planned an emergency excavation of Lower Glen Canyon, which was soon to be flooded by the new Glen Canyon Dam. Between 1958 and 1960, four investigative phases, combined with other surveys prior to 1957, discovered 250 sites. Beginning in 1958, the Lower Glen Canyon survey was finished. Excavations began during the summer on 16 sites. The University of Utah (also The U or the U of U or the UU), located in Salt Lake City, is the flagship public research university in the state of Utah, and one of 10 institutions that make up the Utah System of Higher Education. ... The Museum of Northern Arizona is a museum in Flagstaff, Arizona that was established as a repository for Native American artifacts and natural history specimens from the Colorado Plateau. ...

A thesis emerged that the prehistoric people living permanently on the highlands south of Glen Canyon, and on the Cummings Mesa, farmed the Lower Glen Canyon on a seasonal basis, and gathered raw materials. To prove this thesis of seasonal habitation, criteria such as architectural units, locations of trail systems, occurrence of ceremonial structures, prevalence of burials, and position of natural and cultural strata. Four types of sites are described in the survey classified as either open sites situated on rock terraces; talus sites on broken material below cliffs; shelter sites in protected areas under overhanging cliffs; and cliff sites beneath ledges or in caves and canyon walls. Open sites are the majority on both sides of the river. The majority of sites, mostly Navajo camps, feature lithic garbage or ceramics, or both. Talus sites are rarely recorded. Introduction The Navajo (also Navaho) people of the southwestern United States call themselves the Diné (pronounced DEE-Nay), which etymologically roughly means People of the earth (which may also roughly be a term for all of humanity). ... Scree or detritic cone is a term given to broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. ...

Most of the cultural remains found are chipped stone tools (lithic materials), including projectile points, scrapers, drills, knives, choppers, and ground stone tools and manos (grinders). The collection of sherds are mostly Tusayan Gray Ware and Tusayan White Ware. Petroglyph panels are found throughout Glen Canyon. “Pecked and incised figures depict mountain sheep, human figures, birds, human handprints and animal tracks. Geometric figures range from circles and spirals to highly complex rectilinear patterns. The human figures have triangular bodies. Painted figures have been reported for both sides of the river.... Petroglyph panels of such quality are lacking from the highland regions adjacent to Glen Canyon” (Long 61). For other uses, see Petroglyph (disambiguation). ...

Studies indicate a chronology for the Lower Glen Canyon prehistory, “from pre-A.D. 1 to the 15th century and recorded history from 1776 to the present” (Long 61). The best documented period of the canyon is between A.D. 1050 and 1225. A separate Basketmaker II culture is represented by several sites. Radiocarbon dates from charcoal material are from A.D. 250 to 440 (plus or minus 80 years). Basketmaker III is not found in the Lower Glen Canyon, but is documented in Navajo Canyon, a large left bank tributary of the Colorado River, within the geographical area of the Lower Glen Canyon (Long 62). Basketmaker III introduces fired pottery, mostly Lino Black-on-gray and Lino Gray, and some small amounts of Lino Fugitive Red and Obelisk Gray. Carbon-14 is the radioactive isotope of carbon discovered February 27, 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. ...

Pueblo I remains are found at Rock Creek in Lower Glen Canyon, and in Navajo Canyon. The pottery types are Kana-a Black-on-white, Deadmans Black-on-red, and Kana-a Gray, made from deposits found in Lizard Alcove. Pueblo I is the best documented period of Navajo Canyon, beginning in 800 A.D, lasting 200 years. Basketmaker is believed to have lasted later than Pueblo I. “Pueblo II in Navajo Canyon is represented by the absence of Kana-a Black-on-white and the dominance of Black Mesa Black-on-white” (Long 62). Pueblo II and early Pueblo III is the best documented cultural area in Lower Glen Canyon corresponding with habitation on Cummings Mesa. Pottery includes mostly Tusayan varieties, Black-on-white, Black-on-red, and Red Wear Polychromes.

In the 14th century, Hopi people from the Jeddito area came into the canyons, represented by Yellow Wares, mostly Jeddito Black-on-yellow, and Jeddito plain. This represents the entire prehistoric record for Lower Glen Canyon. Recorded history begins with the Dominguez-Escalante expedition in 1776. Cultural similarities are based on the presence, or absence, of certain types of ceramic wares. (Long 63). Group types of pottery include Kayenta (Tusayan and Tsegi Orange Ware), Virgin (San Juan Red and White Wares), with Fremont, and Mesa Verde or Anasazi types of White and Desert Gray Ware found mostly on the right bank of Colorado. Basketmaker II is characterized by a lack of pottery, and above ground and underground cists lined with slabs. Moki redirects here. ... Francisco Atanasio Domínguez was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of the Southwest United States in 1776. ... The route of the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition of 1776 Painting of Dominguez-Escalante Expedition found in the Utah State Capitol building Silvestre Vélez de Escalante was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of the Southwest United States during the late 18th century. ... Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ... Mesa Verde National Park is a United States National Park, located in southwest Colorado. ... Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is the preferred term for the group of peoples often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ...

There is very little evidence of permanent occupation except at Talus Ruin, a small pueblo with a kiva, a ceremonial structure, made mostly of masonry, featuring jacal walls of sticks and reeds set in mortar in a single row of masonry. The presence of metates are evidence that campsites with slab-lined hearths being inhabited for longer periods. Agricultural structures are not found in the main lower canyon, and no formalized fields are found in the main canyon because of alleviation and slope wash burying (Long, 66). Houses, when found, were mostly sandstone slab with mortar, having one to seven rooms. “Well constructed mealing bins which usually denote permanency were lacking in the Lower Glen Canyon. In contrast, on Cummings Mesa at Surprise Pueblo, there was one entire room devoted to mealing bins…” (Long 65). In the highlands, granaries were near or incorporated into permanent Pueblos, compared with smaller ones near temporary sites in the Canyon (Long 66). “Home Base” pueblos in the nearby highlands on Cummings Mesa and Paiute Mesa are believed to support the temporary farming and the hunting parties who used an extensive trail system in the main canyon, still in use today. Reconstructed kiva at Bandelier National Monument. ...

“Stone tool manufacturing appears to have been an important industry for the entire Glen Canyon region, perhaps one of the major reasons for occupation” (Long 66). Cryptocrystalline rocks fill the Pleistocene gravel beds on the Carmel platforms. Scattered lithic tools and materials indicate workshops of various sizes. There is a lack of siliceous material in the highlands, but tools are found there made from the gravel beds in the river. A cryptocrystal is a rock whose texture is so finely crystalline—that is, made up of such minute crystals—that its crystalline nature is only vaguely revealed even in a thin section by transmitted polarized light. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) on the geologic timescale is the period from 1,808,000 to 11,550 years BP. The Pleistocene epoch had been intended to cover the worlds recent period of repeated glaciations. ...

There are very few ground stone artifacts, such as manos, metates, and scrapers, found in the main canyon, since these tools are mainly found in the highlands. In the main canyon, a large number of chipped implements, ranging from small arrowheads to large knives, are found. Finished tools, and possibly blanks taken to the mesa, were probably used for trade. Most of the ceramic material found in the main canyon was probably made in the highlands, although it is possible some pottery was manufactured in Lower Glen Canyon. Clay deposits are found along the river, and some crude pottery specimens, that may have been made there. Only four burials were found in Lower Glen Canyon at three sites. Trash dumps are not very common at most sites. This is more evidence to suggest the seasonal occupation of hunters and farmers.

References

• Jennings, Jesse D. Glen Canyon: An Archaeological Summary. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1966, republished 1998. ISBN 0-87480-584-8.
• Long, Paul V. Jr. Archaeological Excavations in Lower Glen Canyon, Utah, 1959-1960. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin No. 42 – Glen Canyon Series No. 7. The Northern Arizona Society of Science and Art (Flagstaff, 1966)

External links

• glencanyon.org information from the Glen Canyon Institute
• [1] Glen Canyon Natural History Association
• Photo of pre-dam Anasazi ruins and Colorado river
• Online scans of the visitor's register of the Music Temple grotto in Glen Canyon - 1938-1961

v • d • e Colorado River system
Dams and aqueducts (see US Bureau of Reclamation)	Shadow Mountain Dam • Granby Dam • Glen Canyon Dam • Hoover Dam • Davis Dam • Parker Dam • Palo Verde Diversion Dam • Imperial Dam • Laguna Dam • Morelos Dam • Colorado River Aqueduct • San Diego Aqueduct • Central Arizona Project • All-American Canal • Coachella Canal • Redwall Dam The Colorado River from the bottom of Marble Canyon, in the Upper Grand Canyon Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River from Laughlin Horseshoe Bend is a horseshoe-shaped meander of the Colorado River located near the town of Page, Arizona The Colorado River is... This article is about structures for water impoundment. ... For other uses, see Aqueduct (disambiguation). ... The United States Bureau of Reclamation (Formerly the United States Reclamation Service) is a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior which oversees water development projects in the western United States. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (768x1024, 146 KB) Summary My picture from the Hoover Dam down the Colorado River taken on August 31, 2001. ... The Shadow Mountain Dam is a Zoned Earthfill Dam on the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. ... The Granby Dam is an earthfill dam that dams the Colorado River 5. ... Glen Canyon Dam on 19 June 2005. ... For the dam near Westerville, Ohio, see Hoover Dam (Ohio). ... The Davis Dam is a dam on the Colorado River downstream from Hoover Dam (ca. ... Parker Dam is a concrete gravity-arch dam which spans the Colorado river, at a point 155 miles downstream of Hoover Dam. ... A picture of Imperial Dam The Imperial Dam is a dam near Yuma, Arizona (USA), built in the 1930s. ... The Laguna Diversion Dam is an earthfill dam 13 miles Northeast of Yuma, Arizona creating the Laguna Reservior along the Colorado River. ... The Morelos Dam is the final dam on the Colorado River. ... Colorado River Aqueduct The Colorado River Aqueduct is a 242-mi (392 km) water conveyance in southern California in the United States. ... The Central Arizona Project Aqueduct (CAP) is a 336 mi (541 km) diversion canal in Arizona in the United States. ... The All-American Canal brings Colorado River water to the Imperial Valley in California. ...
Natural features	Colorado River • Rocky Mountains • Colorado River Basin • Grand Lake • Sonoran Desert • Mojave Desert • Imperial Valley • Colorado Plateau • Black Canyon • Glen Canyon • Glenwood Canyon • Gore Canyon • Grand Canyon • Marble Canyon • New River • Paria Canyon • Ruby Canyon • Westwater Canyon • Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez • Salton Sea Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1,450 mi (2,333 km) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... Grand Lake is a natural lake, one of the headwaters of the Colorado River in Grand County, Colorado. ... Map of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. ... For the indigenous American tribe, see Mohave. ... The Imperial Valley and the Salton Sea, as seen from the Space shuttle. ... The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ... Black Canyon, photographed in 1871. ... View down Glenwood Canyon at Hanging Lake Rest Area. ... The Colorado River in Gore Canyon, showing the Denver and Rio Grande Western mainline Gore Canyon is a short isolated canyon on the upper Colorado River in southwestern Grand County, Colorado in the United States. ... This article is about the canyon in the southwestern United States. ... Marble Canyon is the section of the Colorado River canyon from Glen Canyon Dam to the confluence with the Little Colorado River, which marks the beginning of the Grand Canyon. ... The New River is a river that runs from Mexicali, Baja California, in Mexico into the United States through Calexico, California. ... A backpacker at the confluence of Buckskin Gulch and the Paria River. ... Ruby Canyon is a roughly 25 mile (40 km) canyon on the Colorado River located on the Colorado-Utah border in the western United States, and is a popular destination for rafting. ... Westwater Canyon. ... The Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortez or Sea of Cortés; locally known in the Spanish language as Mar de Cortés or, much less frequently, Golfo de California) is a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland. ... For the film, see The Salton Sea. ...
Tributaries	Blue River• Dirty Devil River • Dolores River • Escalante River • Eagle River • Fraser River • Gila River • Green River • Gunnison River • Kanab Creek • Little Colorado River • Paria River • Roaring Fork River • San Juan River • Virgin River• Williams Fork River Look up tributary in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Blue River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Blue River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 75 mi (121 km) long, in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The Dirty Devil River near Twin Corral Box Canyon The Dirty Devil River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 80 mi (129 km) long, in south central Utah in the United States. ... The Dolores River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Dolores River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 250 mi (402 km) long, in the U.S. states of Colorado and Utah. ... The Escalante River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 90 mi (145 km) long, in southern Utah. ... The Eagle River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Eagle River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 70 mi (113 km) long, in west central Colorado in the United States. ... The Fraser River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 40 mi (64 km) long, in north central Colorado in the United States. ... The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Gila River (Oodham [Pima]: Hila Akimel) is a tributary of the Colorado River, 630 mile (1,014 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ... The Green River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States. ... The Gunnison River, a tributary of the Colorado River, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Gunnison River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 180 mi (290 km) long, in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... The Kanab River is one of the many tributaries of the Grand Canyon. ... The Little Colorado River is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Little Colorado River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 315 mi (507 km) long, in the U.S. state of Arizona. ... A backpacker at the confluence of Buckskin Gulch and the Paria River. ... The Roaring Fork River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Roaring Fork River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 70 mi (113 km) long, in west central Colorado in the United States. ... Categories: Stub | Colorado rivers | Utah rivers ... The Virgin River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the southwestern United States The Virgin River is a tributary of the Colorado River, 200 mi (322 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ... The Williams Fork River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 30 mi (48 km) long, in north central Colorado in the United States. ...
Major reservoirs	Fontenelle Reservoir • Flaming Gorge Reservoir • Taylor Park Reservoir • Navajo Reservoir • Lake Powell • Lake Mead • Lake Mohave • Lake Havasu Fontenelle Reservoir is a reservoir located in southwest Wyoming. ... Flaming Gorge Reservoir lies 43 miles (69 km) East of Vernal, Utah on the Green River (Utah). ... The Taylor Park Reservoir is a body of water created by the Taylor Park Dam, which dams the Taylor River of Colorado. ... The Navajo Reservoir is a reservoir located in the northwest area of New Mexico and the southwest area of Colorado, in the United States. ... Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. ... Lake Mead is the largest man-made lake and reservoir in the United States. ... Lake Mohave Lake Mohave is a lake formed by Davis Dam on the Colorado River, which defines the border between Nevada and Arizona in the United States. ... Lake Havasu is a large reservoir behind Parker Dam on the Colorado River, on the border between California and Arizona. ...
Dependent states	Arizona • California • Colorado • Nevada • New Mexico • Utah • Wyoming (See: Colorado River Compact) Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  Ranked 10th  - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²)  - Width 280 miles (450 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 0. ... The Colorado River Compact is a 1922 agreement among seven U.S. states in the basin of the Colorado River in the American Southwest governing the allocation of the rivers water among the parties of the interstate compact. ...
Designated areas	Arches National Park • Canyonlands National Park • Colorado National Monument • Dead Horse Point State Park • Glen Canyon National Recreation Area • Grand Canyon National Park • Lake Mead National Recreation Area• Rocky Mountain National Park Arches National Park preserves over 2,000 natural sandstone arches, including the world-famous Delicate Arch, in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations. ... Canyonlands National Park, located near Moab, Utah and the Arches National Park, was designated as a National Park on September 12, 1964. ... Colorado National Monument is a part of the U.S. National Park Service near the city of Grand Junction, Colorado, in the western part of the state. ... View of the Colorado River with Dead Horse Point in the middle Dead Horse Point State Park is a Utah state park adjacent to Canyonlands National Park, featuring a dramatic overlook of the Colorado River. ... Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Glen Canyon NRA) is a recreation and conservation unit of the National Park Service that encompasses the area around Lake Powell in Utah and Arizona, covering 1,254,429 acres (5,076 km²) of mostly desert. ... Grand Canyon National Park is one of the United States oldest national parks and is located in Arizona. ... Lake Mead National Recreation Area is located in southern Nevada and northern Arizona. ... Rocky Mountain National Park is located in the north-central region of the U.S. state of Colorado. ...