In most countries it is required to obtain a glider pilot license before acting as pilot of a glider. The requirements vary from country to country.

In many countries the licensing takes the same form as licensing for power planes. Training must be undertaken from a certified instructor and a license is then issued by the government, specifying that it is for gliders only. The requirements for a glider license are usually similar to those for a power plane license, taking into account the different requirements of the aircraft.

Most countries also require medical certificates, although in some countries 'self-certification' is allowed (i.e. a legal statement that you are fit to fly). Switzerland and the United States do not require a medical certificate for its national GPL. Canada also permits glider pilot license holders to self-certify, but requires regular medical examinations for gliding instructors.

In some countries glider instruction and licensing is regulated by a national non-governmental organisation representing the gliding community. This is true in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

Countries vary in their acceptance of pilot licenses from other countries. Many permit pilots to fly on their home licenses for short periods. Others insist on conversion to their license.