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Main article: Global spread of H5N1

The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... Generally, regression is a move backwards; It is the opposite of progression. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ...

While prior H5N1 strains have been known, they were significantly different from the current H5N1 strain on a genetic level, making the global spread of this new strain unprecedented. The current H5N1 strain is a fast-mutating, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) found in multiple bird species. It is both epizootic (an epidemic in non-humans) and panzootic (a disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area). Unless otherwise indicated, "H5N1" in this article refers to the recent highly pathogenic strain of H5N1. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... In biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material (either DNA or RNA). ... A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. ... Avian influenza (also known as bird flu, avian flu, influenzavirus A flu, type A flu, or genus A flu) is a flu (influenza) due to a type of influenza virus that is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. ...

In the first two months of 2006 H5N1 spread to Africa and Europe in wild bird populations possibly signaling the beginning of H5N1 being endemic in wild migratory bird populations on multiple continents for decades, permanently changing the way poultry are farmed. In addition, the spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 to wild birds, birds in zoos and even sometimes to mammals (example: pet cats) raises many unanswered questions concerning best practices for threat mitigation, trying to balance reducing risks of human and nonhuman deaths from the current nonpandemic strain with reducing possible pandemic deaths by limiting its chances of mutating into a pandemic strain. Not using vaccines can result in the need to kill significant numbers of farm and zoo birds, while using vaccines can increase the chance of a pandemic. 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Ducks amongst other poultry The Poultry-dealer, after Cesare Vecellio. ... Bales of hay on a farm near Ames, Iowa A farm is the basic unit in agriculture. ...

By April 2006 scientists had concluded that containment had failed due to the role of wild birds in transmitting the virus and were now emphasizing far more comprehensive risk mitigation and management measures. ^[1]

In June 2006 WHO predicted an upsurge in human deaths due to H5N1 during late 2006 or early 2007. In July and August 2006 significantly increased numbers of bird deaths due to H5N1 were recorded in Cambodia, China, Laos, Nigeria, and Thailand while continuing unabated a rate unparalleled in Indonesia. In September, Egypt and Sudan joined the list of nations seeing a resurgence of bird deaths due to H5N1; followed by Vietnam and South Korea in December.

H5N1

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Genetic structure Infection Global spread in 2006 Social impact Pandemic

WHO pandemic phases Low risk New virus Self limiting Person to person Epidemic exists Pandemic exists

Image File history File links Colorized_transmission_electron_micrograph_of_Avian_influenza_A_H5N1_viruses. ... Influenzavirus A is a genus of a family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... The H5N1 genetic structure is the structure of the H5N1 virus. ... See Epidemiology of WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) infection. ... The global spread of H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. ... See Influenza pandemic for government preparation for an H5N1 pandemic H5N1 impact is the effect or influence of H5N1 in human society; especially the financial, political, social and personal responses to both actual and predicted deaths in birds, humans, and other animals. ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ...

January

January 5, 2006 January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A second Turkish child from the same family died from bird flu on Thursday at a hospital in eastern Turkey where she was being treated, a regional governor said. Her brother, 14-year-old Mehmet Ali Kocyigit, had already died of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, officials said on Wednesday, confirming the first human death from the disease outside China and southeast Asia. "We lost Fatma Kocyigit this morning," Niyazi Tanilir, governor in the eastern province of Van, said on the CNN Turk news channel. Newspapers said Fatma was 15-years-old. She died around 6:30 a.m. (0430 GMT). ^[2]

January 7, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Two more children in Turkey are hospitalized after contracting bird flu like symptoms then later test positive for H5N1. They are both from the same area as the prior three children that died from H5N1 bringing the total number of cases in Turkey to 5, with 2 of them fatal. 76 people have died since the outbreak began in 2003.

January 8, 2006 January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Three people are hospitalized after developing suspected H5N1 in the Turkish capital.

January 10, 2006 January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A woman is diagnosed with bird flu, as Turkey struggles to contain the outbreak.
• China announces that two more people had died of bird flu before 2006 began.
• Indonesia confirms that a 29 year old woman has died from suspected bird flu.
• Birds begin dying in Nigeria. It is not known until February that it is an H5N1 outbreak.

January 16, 2006 January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A 15-year-old Indonesian girl from Indramayu, Java, dies of bird flu. ^[3]

January 18, 2006 Indramayu is the capital of the Indramayu Regency of West Java, Indonesia. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia, and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• China and Turkey each confirm another human death from H5N1. ^[4]
• A 13-year-old boy dies in Indonesia, he is the brother of the girl who died on January 16.
• Donor nations pledge 1850 million US dollars to combat bird flu at the two day International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Influenza held in China. ^[5]

January 21, 2006 January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The WHO confirms that the two Indonesian children died of H5N1. ^[6]

January 29, 2006 January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• H5N1 is found in dead birds in northern Cyprus. The European Commission freezes transfers of animals and animal products from the north of the island through the green line to the areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus and to the rest of the European Union. ^[7]

January 30, 2006 The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive body of the European Union. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• According to WHO:

The Ministry of Health in Iraq has confirmed the country's first case of human infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus. The case occurred in a 15-year-old girl who died on 17 January following a severe respiratory illness. Her symptoms were compatible with a diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza. Preliminary laboratory confirmation was provided by a US Naval Medical Research Unit located in Cairo, Egypt. The girl's 39-year-old uncle, who cared for her during her illness, developed symptoms on 24 January and died of a severe respiratory disease on 27 January. Both patients resided in the town of Raniya near Sulaimaniyah in the northern part of the country, close to the border with Turkey. Poultry deaths were recently reported in their neighbourhood, but H5N1 avian influenza has not yet been confirmed in birds in any part of the country. Poultry samples have been sent for testing at an external laboratory. A history of exposure to diseased birds has been found for the girl. The uncle's source of infection is under investigation. The Ministry of Health has further informed WHO of a third human case of respiratory illness that is under investigation for possible H5N1 infection. The patient is a 54-year-old woman, from the same area, who was hospitalized on 18 January. Specimens are on their way to a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom for diagnostic confirmation and further analysis. An international team, including representatives of other UN agencies, is being assembled to assist the Ministry of Health in its investigation of the situation and its planning of an appropriate public health response. WHO staff within Iraq have been directly supporting the government's operational response, which was launched shortly after the girl's death. Iraq is the seventh country to report human H5N1 infection in the current outbreak. The first human case occurred in Viet Nam in December 2003. ^[8]

Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

February

February 4, 2006 February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Indonesia confirms three new cases, two of which were fatal.
• A dead swan near the city of Vidin, Bulgaria is found to contain the H5 strain. Further testing begins to determine if the bird died from the H5N1 type of the disease. Over 20 dead birds are found along the Danube and in lakes near the Black Sea.

February 6, 2006 Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин; Romanian: Vidin, Diiu) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river of the European Union and Europes second-longest[3] (after the Volga). ... Map of the Black Sea. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Preliminary report is sent from Nigeria to OIE on a massive bird die off that began January 10. Report was sent by Dr. Junaidu A. Maina, Acting Director, Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria. ^[9]

February 7, 2006 The Office International de Epizooties (OIE, World Organisation for Animal Health) is an international intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• OIE/FAO Reference Laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease in Padova, Italy, confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in Nigerian isolates from samples taken January 16.

February 8, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The Nigeria situation is announced to the world. Nigeria is the first African country to have an H5N1 outbreak confirmed. It affected a commercial chicken farm (owned by Nigeria's sports minister, Saidu Samaila Sambawa) in which ostriches and geese were also kept, in Jaji village in Igabi administrative division (local government area or LGA) in Kaduna State in Nigeria. The control measures said to be used include killing poultry, quarantining poultry, poultry movement control, and disinfection; however there are complaints that these measures are in fact not being carried out. 40,000 out of 46,000 caged chickens died of H5N1 despite being treated by their owner with broadspectrum antibiotics. The remaining 6,000 have been killed to try to control spread of the disease. ^[10][9][11]

February 9, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Saidu Samaila Sambawa headed the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Sports and Social Development until the June 2006 cabinet reshuffle, when he was replaced by Bala Bawa Kaoje. ... Binomial name Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 The present-day distribution of ostriches. ... Other uses: Goose (disambiguation) Genera Anser Branta Chen Cereopsis † see also: Swan, Duck Anatidae Goose (plural geese) is the general English name for a considerable number of birds, belonging to the family Anatidae. ... Igabi is an administrative district in Kaduna State in Nigeria. ... Kaduna State is a state in central northern Nigeria. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Four new farms in Nigeria are confirmed to have H5N1 outbreaks: two in Kano State, one in Plateau State and a second farm in Kaduna State.
• Veterinarians from Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute [1], Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria in South Africa offer their expertise to assist in tracking occurrence of the virus in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa.
• The United States, OIE and WHO are sending experts, supplies and money to Nigeria to help with this H5N1 crisis.
• H5N1 flu in Africa is expected to spread and create a very severe situation. ^[12]
• Farmers in northern Nigeria are rushing to sell dead chickens at cut-price rates before government bans are put into place. Promised measures to contain the disease are still not in place.
• European countries are facing an increased probability that spring bird migrations from Africa will bring H5N1.
• Countries in Africa near to Nigeria are responding with "dread" and import restrictions.

February 10, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Kano State is a state located in north-central Nigeria. ... Plateau State is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. ... Kaduna State is a state in central northern Nigeria. ... Look up veterinarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The University of Pretoria is a university in South Africa, with a total of about 38 499 students being enrolled in 2005. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... The Office International de Epizooties (OIE, World Organisation for Animal Health) is an international intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924. ... Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... The transmission and infection of H5N1 is a concern due to the global spread of H5N1 that constitutes a pandemic threat. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Officials in Azerbaijan say H5N1 virus has been identified in wild birds floating dead in the Caspian Sea near Baku^[13]

February 11, 2006 The Caspian Sea is the largest lake on Earth by both area and volume,[1] with a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,244 mi²) and a volume of 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,761 mi³).[2] It is a landlocked endorheic body of water and lies between... Municipality: Baku Area: 1000 km² Altitude: -28 m Population: 2,074,300 census 2003 Population density: 1280 persons/km² Postal Code: +99450 Area code: 012 Municipality code: BA Latitude: 41° 01 52 N Longitude: 21° 20 25 E Weather types: 9 of 11 Mayor: Hajibala Abutalybov The Baku region. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The government of Italy confirms that H5N1 has been found in wild swans in Sicily and elsewhere in the country. It is also found in wild birds in Greece and Bulgaria. ^[14]

February 12, 2006 Swans can refer to: Swan, the bird. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian, Sicilian and Spanish, Σικελία in Greek) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km² and 5 million inhabitants. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The government of Slovenia confirms that the virus subtype H5 has been found in a wild swan by the Drava river near Maribor. The samples have been sent to the United Kingdom to determine if it is the deadly H5N1 strain. ^[14]

February 13, 2006 The Drave at Drávaszabolcs, Hungary The Drave at Vízvár, Hungary The Drave at Maribor, Slovenia The Drava or Drave (German: Drau, Slovenian, Croatian and Italian: Drava, Hungarian: Dráva) is a river in southern Central Europe. ... Area: 147. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Nihat Kabil, Bulgaria's Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, confirms a second case of a swan with the H5 virus. While the first case was in Vidin (in the country's northwest), the second one was near Krajmorie, a Black Sea port in the Burgas region (in the country's southeast), about 3.5 km (2 mi) from an egg farm. Several other cases have been reported in other parts of the country, and Mr. Kabil has said that there is a high probability that Bulgaria will have its first mass case within days.

February 14, 2006 Genera Cygnus Bechstein 1803 Coscoroba Reichenbach 1853 Swans are large water birds of the family Anatidae, which also includes geese and ducks. ... Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин; Romanian: Vidin, Diiu) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. ... Burgas (also transliterated as Bourgas; Bulgarian: Бургас) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Health authorities report the first case of the H5N1 virus in Austria. 2 dead Swans at Mellach near Graz were found to be carrying the virus.
• Following the discovery of four dead swans suspected of carrying the H5N1 virus on the island of Rügen in North-east Germany, authorities in Germany and several other EU countries make it compulsory for all poultry to be kept inside enclosures effective as of February 20.

February 15, 2006 Swans can refer to: Swan, the bird. ... The Grazer Schloßberg Clock Tower Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec IPA: /gra. ... Map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania highlighting the district Rügen Rügen (Polish: Rugia) is an island located off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Baltic Sea. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Slovenian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food declares entire Slovenia a bird-flu high risk zone after tests confirmed the dead swan (found on 9 February) was carrying H5. It is sent to Great Britain for further subtype determination. ^[15]
• Avian influenza H5N1 is identified in some dead swans in Hungary. Not known until the end of February whether they carried the human-infecting strain (genotype Z) of H5N1.
• Iran reports cases in wild birds. ^[16]

February 17, 2006 February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The presence of H5N1 in Slovenia is confirmed.
• Egypt has detected its first cases in several parts of the country, the government detailed three separate sites where birds where found carrying the virus. ^[17]
• France has recorded a case of a duck infected with the H5 virus in Ain, near Lyon. It was later confirmed that the duck was infected with the H5N1 strain of the virus. A swan earlier tested negative for the disease.
• Iraq confirms a second person has died of H5N1 - he was the uncle of the country's initial death.

February 18, 2006 February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Officials in India's western Maharashtra state are planning a poultry cull after the country reported its first cases of the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu. ^[18]

February 19, 2006 February 19 is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• First suspected bird flu human death reported from Surat, Gujarat, India. ^[19]

February 20, 2006 Surat   (Gujarati: સુરત) is a port city in the Indian state of Gujarat and administrative headquarters of the Surat District. ... Gujarāt (GujarātÄ«: , IPA: ,  ) is the most industrialized state in the Republic of India with 19. ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Croatia has recorded a new case of a swan infected with the H5 virus in C(iovu, near Trogir. In the same time, H5 is confirmed in dead swan found in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ^[20]
• A United Kingdom laboratory confirms the three cases of H5N1 in dead swans found near the cities of Dobrich, Varna and Burgas, in Bulgaria's northeastern and southeastern regions.^[21] The previous H5N1 case was recorded near Vidin in the northwest.

February 21, 2006 Coat of arms Trogir (Italian Traù, Latin Tragurium, Greek Tragurion, Hungarian Tengerfehérvár) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia county, Croatia, with a population of 10,907 (2001) and a total municipality population of 13,322 (2001). ... Jajce (Cyrillic: Јајце) is a town in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation. ... Dobrich (Bulgarian: Добрич) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Dobrich Province. ... Varna (Bulgarian: ) is the third largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, with a population of 345,371. ... Burgas (also transliterated as Bourgas; Bulgarian: Бургас) is the second-largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. ... Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин; Romanian: Vidin, Diiu) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The Malaysian government confirms 40 chickens died of H5N1 in Selangor. ^[22]
• Croatia confirmed the previous day's case to be H5N1. ^[20]
• Professor Neil Ferguson, Imperial College London biologist, says:

"This is a disease which doesn't go away so we are going to be living with H5N1 in Western Europe, I believe, in wild bird populations - even endemic in wild bird populations - for decades perhaps, or even sporadically in those populations every year." ^[23]

• The respected science journal Nature says:

"The virus is highly likely to become endemic, says Peter Openshaw, head of the respiratory viral infections section at the National Heart and Lung Institute in London, UK. We have to change the way poultry are farmed. [...] Jan Slingenbergh, an animal health expert at the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome, Italy, points out that H5N1 may survive in icy lake waters over European winters, potentially infecting any migratory birds that subsequently arrive. The virus could also become established in permanently resident European birds; Openshaw notes that H5N1 has so far been able to infect a wide range of species. If this happens, farming practices will have to be changed, says Neil Ferguson, an epidemiologist at Imperial College London, UK, who is advising the British government on how to deal with possible future outbreaks." ^[24]

February 23, 2006 State motto: Dipelihara Allah (English: Under Gods (Allah) Protection) Capital Shah Alam Royal Capital Klang Sultan Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Chief Minister Dato Seri Dr Mohd Khir bin Toyo Area 7,956 km2 Population  - Estimated 4,100,000 State anthem Duli Yang Maha Mulia Selangor (Jawi: سلاڠور, population 4. ... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Slovakia has become the latest EU nation to confirm cases of the virulent H5N1 bird flu strain. One of the dead birds was found in the capital, Bratislava, the other in Gabcikovo, southwestern Slovakia ^[20]

February 25, 2006 Bratislava (see below for name alternatives), is the capital of Slovakia and the countrys largest city, with a population of some 450,000. ... February 25 is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• France For the first time a EU farm becomes infected and 80% of the more than 11 thousand birds die for the H5N1 flu in the previous week ^[25]

February 27, 2006 February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Niger confirms a case of H5N1 bird flu in a flock of ducks near the border with Nigeria ^[26]
• Switzerland says a dead swan has been found on Lake Geneva which the H5 virus. ^[27]
• Bosnia's veterinary office said that tests at the European Union reference laboratory confirmed its first case of the deadly H5N1 bird flu virus in two wild swans near Jajce. Thousands of birds were culled. ^[28]

February 28, 2006 Lake Geneva or Lake Léman (French Lac Léman, le Léman, or Lac de Genève) is the second largest freshwater lake in Central Europe (after Lake Balaton). ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Confirmed case of highly pathogenic H5 in Sweden ^[29]
• Finland: The 20 dead ducks and 1 crow at Kotka, Sapokka park, were confirmed not to be carriers of H5N1. The reason for the deaths remains to be solved. On March 13 an insecticide, parathion was confirmed to be the reason for deaths. The toxin is life-threatening to humans. The use of parathion has been banned in Finland since 1992.

Kotka (finnish Eagle) is a town and municipality of Finland. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms. ... // Properties and uses Parathion, or diethyl parathion, is a very potent insecticide and acaricide. ...

March

March 1, 2006 March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Scientists confirm the dead swan found on Lake Geneva on February 27 had H5N1. It is the first confirmed case of H5N1 in Switzerland.^[30]
• A second case of H5 bird flu has been found in Switzerland, this time on Lake Constance, near the town of Egnach, Thurgau. ^[31]
• Greece confirms three new cases of H5N1 in swans found the northern part of the country, bringing the total number of cases in the country to 19. ^[32]
• 8 Quebec farms are quarantined after receiving live poultry from France. The province braces itself for its first H5N1 cases.^[33]

March 2, 2006 Lake Geneva or Lake Léman (French Lac Léman, le Léman, or Lac de Genève) is the second largest freshwater lake in Central Europe (after Lake Balaton). ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Map of the Bodensee; Schweiz is Switzerland, Deutschland is Germany, and Osterreich is Austria. ... Egnach is a municipality in the district of Arbon, in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland. ... Thurgau (Thurgovia) is a canton of Switzerland. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... March 2 is the 61st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (62nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A chicken from a farm, 175 km south from Addis Ababa, is being tested for the possibility of having H5N1 in Ethiopia, the first possible case in East Africa. ^[34]
• Serbia detected the bird flu in a dead swan that was found in northwest Serbia (near Croatia) ^[35]
• Tests on live ducks imported France to Quebec have come back negative for H5N1. ^[36]

March 3, 2006 Map of Ethiopia highlighting Addis Ababa (in red). ...  Eastern Africa (UN subregion)  East African Community  Central African Federation (defunct)  geographic, including above East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easternmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. ... Anthem: Bože pravde (English: God of Justice) Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Republic  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica  - President Boris Tadić Establishment    - Formation 814   - First Serbian Uprising 1804   - Internationally recognized July 13, 1878   - Kingdom of SCS created December 1, 1918   - SCG dissolved... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Sweden confirms eight new cases of H5 bird flu virus ^[37]
• Azerbaijan confirms first case of H5N1 bird flu in poultry ^[38]

March 4, 2006 March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• H5N1 was found in a wild goose near Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, making it the sixth federal state in the country to report a case of the disease. ^[39]
• Austria's cases of H5N1 rise to 29 with three ducks, a seagull, and a grebe found with the disease in Vorarlberg. ^[40]

March 5, 2006 Lüneburg (English: Lunenburg) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, about 50km southeast of Hamburg. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Genera Podiceps Tachybaptus Podilymbus Aechmophorus Poliocephalus Rollandia Grebes are members of the Podicipediformes order, a widely distributed order of freshwater diving birds, some of which visit the sea when migrating and in winter. ... Vorarlberg is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria. ... March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Poland has reported its first case of H5N1 in a wild swan found dead two days ago in Torun', a city in northern Poland. ^[41]
• A man in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong has died of H5N1. This is the eighth death in the country caused by avian flu. ^[42]
• A new case of H5N1 was reported in Buzău, Romania in a wild goose found dead a week ago. ^[43]

March 6, 2006 China, and should not be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ... Buzău () is a city in the Buzău County, Wallachia, Romania, situated near the right bank of the Buzău river, between the Carpathian Mountains and the fertile lowlands of south Moldavia and east Wallachia. ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Poland confirms H5N1 in two swans. ^[44]

March 8, 2006 March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Albania has reported its first case of H5N1, found in a domestic chicken in the village of Cukes, near Sarandë, in the south of the country. ^[45]
• Myanmar found H5N1 in chickens after an HPAI outbreak on March 8. ^[46]

March 9, 2006 Photo of Sarandë (By Marc Morell) Syri i Kaltër, or the Azure Eye, is a well known natural cold water spring in Sarandë. (By Marc Morell) Sarandë (Albanian: Saranda or Sarandë, IPA or ; Italian: Santa Quaranta, Forty Saints); Greek: Άγιοι Σαράντα or Ágii Saránda ), is the capital of the District... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ... March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (69th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Serbia (and by extension, Serbia and Montenegro) has confirmed that a wild swan found dead near Sombor carried the deadly H5N1 bird flu, the first confirmed case in the country. ^[47]

March 10, 2006 Anthem: Bože pravde (English: God of Justice) Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Serbian written with the Cyrillic alphabet1 Government Republic  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica  - President Boris Tadić Establishment    - Formation 814   - First Serbian Uprising 1804   - Internationally recognized July 13, 1878   - Kingdom of SCS created December 1, 1918   - SCG dissolved... Location in Serbia-Montenegro [[Image:|150px|center|Map of Serbia-Montenegro highlighting the City of {{{common_name}}}]] General Information Mayor Dr. Jovan Slavković Land area  ? Population (2002 census) 50,950 (96,669 municipality) Population density (2002)  ? Coordinates [1] Area code +381 25 Subdivisions 16 settlements in the municipality License plate code... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Poland has confirmed that a wild swan found dead near Lublin carried the H5 bird flu, it was the second confirmed case in the country.

March 12, 2006 For other uses, see Lublin (disambiguation). ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (72nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Cameroon reports its first outbreak of the H5N1 in a duck farm in Maroua, in the Far North Province. ^[48]

March 14, 2006 Maroua is the capital of the Far North Province of Cameroon, on the Ferngo and Kaliao Rivers. ... The Far North Province, also known as the Extreme North Province (from French Province de lExtrême-Nord), is the northernmost constituent province of The Republic of Cameroon. ... March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Azerbaijan reports three deaths from the H5N1 virus.

March 15, 2006 March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Sweden has confirmed its first case of H5N1 in two wild ducks found near the Baltic Sea port city of Oskarshamn. ^[49]

• Culling begins in Jalgaon, Maharastra, India. ^[50]

• Denmark has confirmed its first case of H5N1 in one Common Buzzard found dead at a beach near the city of Næstved. ^[51]

March 16, 2006 The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... Jalgaon is a city in western India, in northern Maharashtra state, on the northern Deccan Plateau. ... Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is a state in west-central India. ... Binomial name Buteo buteo (Linnaeus, 1758) The Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) is a bird of prey from the Old World. ... Gavnø Castle on Gavnø island, Denmark. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Afghanistan finds deadly H5N1 virus. ^[52]

March 17, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• H5N1 bird-flu strain had been found in tens of thousands of poultry in Israel. ^[53]

March 18, 2006 March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Egypt has confirmed the first human death caused by H5N1 virus. ^[54]

March 19, 2006 March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Egypt has reported its second human case of bird flu, a 30-year-old man who worked on a chicken farm in the province of Qalyoubiya. ^[55]

March 20, 2006 March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Kazakhstan has reported another outbreak of H5N1 in the western part of the country, found in a wild swan. ^[56][57]
• Another outbreak of H5N1 in Malaysia resulted in the death of six chickens in the province of Seberang Perai, in the state of Penang. ^[58]

March 21, 2006 Seberang Perai (also known in English as Province Wellesley) is a narrow hinterland opposite Penang island on the Malay Peninsula, which together with the island forms the Malaysian state of Penang. ... State motto: Bersatu dan Setia (United and Loyal), formerly Let Penang Lead Location in Malaysia Government Capital George Town (5. ... March 21 is the 80th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Pakistan confirms its first cases of H5N1 at chickens in two farms in the North-West Frontier Province. ^[59]

March 24, 2006 The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: شمال مغربی سرحدی صوبہ) (commonly known as Sarhad; سرحد) is the smallest in size of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home to the Pashtuns and various other groups. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A dead wild buzzard is found to be the first case of H5N1 in Berlin, Germany^[60].
• H5N1 confirmed in the Gaza Strip^[61], the West Bank^[62] and Jordan^[63].

March 26, 2006 Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (86th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A peregrine falcon in the Tin Shui Wai area of Hong Kong has been confirmed to have died as a result of H5N1 infection^[64].

March 29, 2006 Binomial name Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), sometimes formerly known in North America as Duck Hawk, is a medium-sized falcon about the size of a large crow: 38-53 cm (15 to 21 inches) long. ... Tin Shui Wai (Traditional Chinese: 天水圍; Simplified Chinese: 天水围; pinyin: Tiānshuǐwéi; Jyutping: tin1 seoi2 wai4) is a new town located in the northwest of Yuen Long New Town, in the northwestern New Territories, Hong Kong. ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The Czech Republic confirms its first case of H5N1 in a swan on the Vltava River, near Hluboká nad Vltavou.^[65]
• The EU reference laboratory in Weybridge, Great Britain confirms the first case of H5N1 found in Denmark a few weeks before.^[66]

March 30, 2006 The Vltava   (Moldau in German and many other Germanic languages, Moldva in Hungarian, unrelated to the Moldova river of Romania) is the longest river in the Czech Republic, draining into the north from its source in Å umava through ÄŒeský Krumlov, ÄŒeské BudÄ›jovice, and Prague (Praha), merging with the Elbe... Hluboká nad Vltavou is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, near ÄŒeské BudÄ›jovice. ... Map of Weybridge (from OpenStreetMap) Weybridge is a town in the Elmbridge district of Surrey in South East England. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A dead swan confirmed to have H5N1 is found in the city of Grudziadz in northern Poland.^[67]

March 31, 2006 Motto: Grudziądz- miasto na szczęście Voivodship Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship Municipal government Rada Miasta Grudziądz Mayor Andrzej Wiśniewski Area 58,7 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 102 800 none 1751/km² Founded City rights - - Latitude Longitude 53° 29 N 18° 46 E... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• First human case of the bird flu was announced in Jordan.^[68]

April

April 3, 2006 April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The World Health Organization confirmed four cases of bird flu in Egypt over the past month, including two fatalities, the first reports of human deaths due to H5N1 in Africa.^[69]

April 4, 2006 The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Burkina Faso has detected H5N1 in poultry on the outskirts of the capital, Ouagadougou, making the West African country the fifth nation on the continent to report the disease. Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Egypt have already confirmed the virus in Africa.^[70]

April 5, 2006 To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• H5N1 is detected in domestic poultry near Leipzig, Germany.^[71]

April 6, 2006 [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the Federal State (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• H5N1 is detected^[72] in a wild migratory^[73] swan (Whooper Swan Cygnus) in Cellardyke in Fife, Scotland.^[74]
• British authorities declare a 1,000 mile (1600 km) wild bird risk area around Cellardyke.^[75]

April 10, 2006 Binomial name Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) is a large Northern Hemisphere swan. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Fife (Fìobh in Gaelic) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Over one hundred outbreaks have been reported in Myanmar since March 13, the first time since 2004 that H5N1 has been detected in the country.^[76]
• A wild swan found in the Sava River, near the Croatian capital of Zagreb, is confirmed to have H5N1.^[77]

April 11, 2006 March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... Sava also Save (in Serbian: Сава; German: Save; Hungarian: Száva) is a river in Europe, a right side tributary of Danube at Belgrade. ... Zagreb (pronounced: ) is the largest and capital city of Croatia. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "The Scientific Seminar on Avian Influenza, the Environment and Migratory Birds met from 10-11 April 2006 at UN Office in Nairobi, Kenya. The Seminar was organized by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) in cooperation with the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and its Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA). [...] Hepworth identified the Seminar's objectives to: stimulate debate on the role of wild birds in transmitting the virus; provide up-to-date status reports and advice for decision-makers; increase awareness of the recent multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) resolutions among all governments; promote further research on virus behavior and transmission; and encourage international technical cooperation and risk mitigation." The seminar concluded with reaffirmations to disseminate the Seminar's findings and to manage the risks associated with HPAI. ^[1]

April 12, 2006 April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... April 12 is the 102nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (103rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) publishes a scientific statement on the role of migratory birds in the spread of the H5N1 form of avian influenza (AI) amongst domestic and wild bird populations in the European Union (EU).^[78][79] The statement was supplemented by a formal opinion released on May 12, 2006.^[80]

April 18, 2006 May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Sudan reports its first case of H5N1 at a poultry farm in Khartoum, as well as the state of Al Jazirah.^[81]

Map of Sudan with Khartoum Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Ḫarṭūm Elephant Trunk) is the capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. ... Al Jazirah Al Jazirah ولاية الجزيرة (also Gezira) is one of the 26 states of Sudan. ...

May

May 5, 2006 May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "Ivory Coast prepared to slaughter chickens and tightened restrictions on movements of poultry on Thursday after reporting outbreaks of bird flu in two heavily populated neighbourhoods of its main city Abidjan. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) said late on Wednesday a total of 17 birds infected with the deadly H5N1 strain of avian flu had been found in separate outbreaks in the Marcory Anoumabo and Treichville suburbs of Abidjan."^[82]

May 11, 2006 Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. ... Région Lagunes District Governor Pierre Djédji Amondji (FPI) (since 2002) Area 2,119 km² Subdivisions 10 communes of Abidjan Ville 3 subprefectures outside of Abidjan Ville Population unofficial estimate 2003 official estimate 1998 census between 4 and 5 million 3,660,682 3,125,890 Density 1,728... The Office International des Épizooties (OIE, World Organisation for Animal Health) is an international intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... For the current concern about the transmission of an avian flu to humans see Transmission and infection of H5N1. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "Djibouti said on Thursday that one person had tested positive for the deadly H5N1 avian influenza virus in the first confirmed human case in the Horn of Africa."^[83]

May 13, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Nations of the Horn of Africa. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• WHO investigated possible H5N1 human cluster in North Sumatra.^[84] According to local tests, five members of an extended family have died of bird flu in the past few days.^[85]

May 15, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Map of North Sumatra province within Indonesia North Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Utara) is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... May 15 is the 135th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (136th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• According to local tests, a sixth member of an extended family have died of bird flu in the past few days in North Sumatra.^[86]

May 16, 2006 May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• According to UN officials, bird flu was found on the western half of the island of New Guinea.^[87]

May 21, 2006 May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The H5 strain of Bird flu is confirmed in the Romanian capital Bucharest. ^[88]
• An eighteen year old shuttlecock maker from East Java has died of bird flu. It appears that he was not in direct contact with live birds. ^[89]

May 24, 2006 Status Capital of Romania Mayor Adriean Videanu, since 2005 Area 228 km² Population (2003) 1,929,615[1] Density 9131. ... A shuttlecock with a plastic skirt Shuttlecocks with feather skirts A shuttlecock is a high-drag projectile used in the sport of badminton. ... Map showing East Java within Indonesia East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is one of Indonesias 32 provinces. ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• WHO reports cluster of seven victims connected only by each other indicating possible human to human spreading of H5N1 ^[90]

May 25, 2006 May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• 56 outbreaks of H5N1 have been found in Romania since the virus reemerged there 12 days ago. "The recent outbreaks have involved some large commercial farms and some poultry in Bucharest, the capital, triggering quarantine orders for some neighborhoods this week."^[91]

May 30, 2006 May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The WHO publishes the WHO pandemic influenza draft protocol for rapid response and containment, detailing a proposed method for stopping the spread of a pandemic strain of H5N1 at the source.^[92]

Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ...

June

June 2, 2006 June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Indonesian tests say that a girl on the outskirts of Jakarta died of bird flu. Her brother died on May 30 with similar symptoms, but died before he could receive medical treatment, and was buried before testing could be performed. ^[93]

June 17, 2006 Jakarta (also Djakarta or DKI Jakarta), formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The EU reference laboratory confirm the presence of the H5N1 viral strain in birds sent from the Kiskunmajsa region of Hungary for analysis.

June 23, 2006 Kiskunmajsa is a town in Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary. ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A family in Indonesia were confirmed to have had human-to-human spread of H5N1. A mutated strain was found, but it had not mutated into an easily-transmisable strain. ^[94]

June 30, 2006 June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "This week's issue of the Weekly Epidemiological Record, published online by WHO, sets out results from the first analysis of epidemiological data on all 205 laboratory-confirmed H5N1 cases officially reported to WHO by onset date from December 2003 to 30 April 2006. Data used in the analysis were collected for surveillance purposes. Quality, reliability and format were not consistent across data from different countries. Despite this limitation, several conclusions could be reached.

1. The number of new countries reporting human cases increased from 4 to 9 after October 2005, following the geographical extension of outbreaks among avian populations.
2. Half of the cases occurred in people under the age of 20 years; 90% of cases occurred in people under the age of 40 years.
3. The overall case-fatality rate was 56%. Case fatality was high in all age groups but was highest in persons aged 10 to 39 years.
4. The case-fatality profile by age group differs from that seen in seasonal influenza, where mortality is highest in the elderly.
5. The overall case-fatality rate was highest in 2004 (73%), followed by 63% to date in 2006, and 43% in 2005.
6. Assessment of mortality rates and the time intervals between symptom onset and hospitalization and between symptom onset and death suggests that the illness pattern has not changed substantially during the three years.
7. Cases have occurred all year round. However, the incidence of human cases peaked, in each of the three years in which cases have occurred, during the period roughly corresponding to winter and spring in the northern hemisphere. If this pattern continues, an upsurge in cases could be anticipated starting in late 2006 or early 2007." ^[95]

Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

July

July 5, 2006 July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "Nigeria has been infected multiple times with H5N1 bird flu probably carried by migratory birds from southern Russia and northern Europe or introduced by imported chickens, scientists said on Wednesday. After analysing samples from infected birds on two farms in south-western Nigeria they found the viruses were genetically distinct from each other and from H5N1 found in the north of the country. So rather than one strain spreading through the country, different strains had been introduced on separate occasions, which could make controlling the spread of the virus more difficult. [...] The analysed samples were similar to strains found in southern Russia and northern Europe but not from southeast Asia"^[96]

July 7, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "A Spanish laboratory has confirmed the country's first case of H5N1 bird flu after analyzing a sample taken from a wild migratory water bird" (the Great Crested Grebe).^[97] Analysis shows that the bird is unlikely to be from Africa.^[98]

July 22, 2006 Binomial name Podiceps cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Great Crested Grebe, Podiceps cristatus, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "China's official Xinhua news agency says a new bird flu outbreak has killed more than 3,000 chickens in the northwest. The Ministry of Agriculture told Xinhua that the July 14 outbreak in Xinjiang region's Aksu city is under control. No human infections have been reported. Saturday's report says the deadly H5N1 virus killed 3,045 chickens, and nearly 357,000 more were destroyed in an emergency response. Xinhua says the local agriculture department has quarantined the infected area. The government's last reported outbreak was in the northwestern region of Ningxia earlier this month."^[99]

July 26, 2006 July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed on July 26, 2006 that a 17-year-old boy who died on July 24, 2006 in the Phichit province of northern Thailand had H5N1 avian influenza, marking the country's first case this year. H5N1 was recently detected in 31 dead chickens in Phichit province. Thai health officials have placed several other people from Phichit province under quarantine. "The country's agriculture minister recently announced bans on poultry imports and the transport of birds [and] the Phichit Provincial Livestock Office declared the Bang Mulnarg district an avian flu-infected area, which allows officials to conduct full-scale disease control efforts, including culling, quarantine, screening, and disinfection of affected sites."^[100]

July 28, 2006 July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 24 is the 205th day (206th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 160 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Due to H5N1, about 2,500 chickens died on the Dongbang poultry farm in Xaythany district, Laos beginning July 18, 2006. This is the country's first major outbreak since 2004. "The government of Laos has taken immediate action to control the spread of the virus by culling all chickens in the farm, disinfecting the farm and imposed movement restrictions within the five kilometre surveillance zone," said Wantanee Kalpravidh, FAO regional coordinator for Avian Influenza Projects.^[101]

July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

August

August 5, 2006 August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A German zoo and a Vietnam theme park both report highly pathogenic H5N1 in their birds. ^[102][103]

August 10, 2006 August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "Experts tracking the dangerous and economically devastating H5N1 virus have been concerned about Indonesia, where inadequate control methods have led to widespread outbreaks across the vast and densely populated archipelago. Indonesia trailed other affected Asian countries in developing human cases, marking its first in July 2005. But since then cases in Indonesia have cropped up at a rate unparalleled elsewhere. And the country's H5N1 death toll recently surpassed that of Vietnam to make Indonesia the country that has lost the most lives to the virus. Indonesia has logged 56 confirmed human cases, 44 of which have been fatal. Globally 236 cases of H5N1 infection have been confirmed in 10 countries since late 2003 and 138 of those people have died."^[104]

August 12, 2006 August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• "Cambodia has suffered its second outbreak of bird flu this year in the same province where the H5N1 virus killed a boy in April, officials said on Saturday. The virus was confirmed in more than 1,300 ducks that died in Prey Veng province, 70 km (45 miles) southeast of Phnom Penh, but there were no immediate reports of human infections, they said. Yes, bird flu is back, senior Agriculture Ministry official Nou Muth said."^[105]

August 18, 2006 August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• On August 18, 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) changed the H5N1 avian influenza strains recommended for candidate vaccines for the first time since 2004. "Many experts who follow the ongoing analysis of the H5N1 virus sequences are alarmed at how fast the virus is evolving into an increasingly more complex network of clades and subclades, Osterholm said. The evolving nature of the virus complicates vaccine planning. He said if an avian influenza pandemic emerges, a strain-specific vaccine will need to be developed to treat the disease. Recognition of the three new subclades means researchers face increasingly complex options about which path to take to stay ahead of the virus."^[106][107]

August 25, 2006 August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• CIDRAP reported on August 25, 2006 on a new US government Web site that allows the public to view current information about testing of wild birds for H5N1 avian influenza which is part of a national wild-bird surveillance plan that "includes five strategies for early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Sample numbers from three of these will be available on HEDDS: live wild birds, subsistence hunter-killed birds, and investigations of sick and dead wild birds. The other two strategies involve domestic bird testing and environmental sampling of water and wild-bird droppings. [...] A map on the new USGS site shows that 9,327 birds from Alaska have been tested so far this year, with only a few from most other states. Last year officials tested just 721 birds from Alaska and none from most other states, another map shows. The goal of the surveillance program for 2006 is to collect 75,000 to 100,000 samples from wild birds and 50,000 environmental samples, officials have said."^[108]

August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Reporting disease cases refers to modern international human infectious disease surveillance. ...

September

September 7, 2006 September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Indonesian officials reported on September 7, 2006 that a 14-year-old Indonesian girl who died in June was infected with bird flu. The case was discovered during routine surveillance of blood samples from people who had exhibited flu symptoms.^[109] In a change of policy, Health Minister Siti Fadillah Supari reported that "we did not send (the samples) to the WHO (World Health Organisation) because our positive results are usually positive results at the WHO." IOL reports that "until now, Indonesia has always sent blood and tissue samples from suspected human bird flu cases to a WHO laboratory in Hong Kong for confirmation," but that "under a new arrangement Jakarta could confirm infections after two local tests showed the person to have contracted H5N1."^[110]

September 13, 2006 September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Avian influenza (also known as bird flu) is a type of influenza virulent in birds. ... Respiratory disease properly named influenza(say: in-floo-en-zah ). Some specific varities of influenza with a vaccination available are: A-New Caledonia, A-California, B-Shanghai. ... For other meanings of the acronym WHO, see WHO (disambiguation) WHO flag Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... Jakarta (also Djakarta or DKI Jakarta), formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Sudan authorities announced that all the samples taken from chickens in southern Sudan in August and sent to the United Kingdom for further tests had proven positive for the deadly H5N1 bird flu virus.^[111]

September 25, 2006 Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... September 25 is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A 21 year old female from East Java Province in Indonesia was hospitalized for symptoms of H5N1 bird flu. She is the sister of a 11 year old male H5N1 victim who died on September 18. The source of her infection is under investigation. It is believed that she and her brother were both exposed to dead poultry in the household. ^[112]

September 27, 2006 Map showing East Java within Indonesia East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur) is one of Indonesias 32 provinces. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... September 18 is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years). ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• WHO confirmed a resurgence of highly pathogenic H5N1 killing domestic chickens near Aswan, in Upper Egypt. "Animals within a one-kilometre radius of the site of infection have been culled and removed for sterile burial."^[113]

Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ...

October

October 4, 2006 October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Bird flu no threat so far US government inspectors have stepped up their vigilance against Avian flu after recent scares in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The United States Department of Agriculture and United States Department of the Interior confirmed the presence of H5N1 avian influenza subtypes in samples from wild mallard ducks in Pennsylvania, but say testing has ruled out the possibility of this being the highly pathogenic H5N1 strain that has spread through birds in Asia, Europe and Africa. Test results indicate this low pathogenic avian influenza poses no threat to humans. The agencies say the ducks were sampled in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, in August 2006.^[114]

October 11, 2006 Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 160 miles (255 km)  - Length 280 miles (455 km)  - % water 2. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The United States Department of Agriculture (also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA) is a United States Federal Executive Department (or Cabinet Department). ... The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally-owned land. ... Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... // Binomial name Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies (Mallard) (Mexican Duck) The Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos; Greek for flat-billed duck[2]), also known in North America as the Wild Duck, is a common and widespread dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and sub-tropical areas of North America, Europe and... World map showing the location of Asia. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Crawford County is a county located in the state of Pennsylvania. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• An Egyptian woman who was hospitalized on October 4 is confirmed by Egyptian authorities Egypt's first human case of highly pathogenic H5N1 bird flu virus since May, according to WHO advisor Hassan el-Bushra.^[115]

October 16, 2006 October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• 67-year-old Indonesian woman died of bird flu after being treated at a hospital for more than a week, marking the country's 54th death from the virus, an official at the health ministry said.^[116]

October 31, 2006 October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• A 39-year-old Egyptian woman died of bird flu a month after symptoms first appeared. This was the first case in Egypt since May, 2006.^[117]

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

November

November 2, 2006 November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• In Thailand, a dog succumbs to bird flu, raising the possibility that pets can contract the disease and potentially spread it to their human owners.^[118]

November 13, 2006 Pets and humans often contribute toward the happiness of the other in a pet relationship. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• In Indonesia two more cases of H5N1 have been confirmed by the Ministry of Health. One is a 35-year-old female, who developed syptoms on November 7. The second is a 30-month-old male, who developed symptoms on November 5. ^[119]

Many governments, both national and more local, have a Department of Health. This article is about the British one. ...

December

December 12, 2006 December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• South Korea announced its third major outbreak of deadly H5N1 in less than three weeks (all three in North Cholla province, 170 km (100 miles) south of Seoul). Over a million birds are being killed to try to contain it. In 2003 - 2004 the country destroyed 5.3 million birds to contain H5N1. ^[120]

December 18, 2006 In the Gregorian Calendar, December 18 is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years), at which point there will be 13 days remaining to the end of the year. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• The Unites States summarized progress the U.S. government has made preparing against an influenza pandemic:

• • Federal Pandemic Preparedness Plans: All Federal Departments and Agencies are developing their own pandemic preparedness plans to ensure that they are addressing all elements of a comprehensive checklist. The "meta-checklist" guiding their efforts is available for any institution to use, at www.pandemicflu.gov.

• • Statewide Pandemic Planning Summits: Secretary Leavitt and other senior officials from the Department of Health and Human Services have led Statewide pandemic planning summits in all States. We are investing $600 million in State and local preparedness efforts, including the exercising of pandemic plans across communities and at all levels of government.

• • Community-Wide Mitigation Strategies: We have focused unprecedented attention on the role of community-wide mitigation strategies, such as early school closure, cancellation of public gatherings, and other "social distancing" behaviors in reducing illness during a pandemic. Interim guidance on the ways communities can use these interventions most effectively will be released in January.

• • Vaccine Production: We have invested over $1 billion in the development of new cell-culture technologies for influenza vaccine production, and will soon announce contracts to adapt existing egg-based vaccine facilities for pandemic vaccine production.

• • Adjuvants: Very promising results on the testing of "dose-stretching" materials, also known as "adjuvants," have recently been announced by companies involved in this research. If proved to be safe and effective, adjuvants could allow a dramatic reduction in the amount of vaccine necessary to immunize a person against a pandemic virus, thereby allowing us to vaccinate many more people with our vaccine stockpile.

• • Rapid Diagnostic Tests: We have invested in the development of rapid diagnostic tests, to allow swift recognition of a pandemic virus in the human population, thereby allowing rapid isolation and treatment of infected individuals.

• • Bird Surveillance System: We have put a nationwide wild bird surveillance system in place to provide early warning of an outbreak of H5N1 in the bird population, and are reporting the results of these efforts to the public on an ongoing basis.

• • International Efforts: We have invested $434 million in international efforts, far more than any other nation, in an effort to build infrastructure in affected regions of the world to rapidly recognize and respond to an outbreak of a pandemic virus. In addition to improving these nations' ability to control outbreaks of H5N1 in their bird populations, these systems may make it possible to slow, stop, or limit the spread of a pandemic virus to the U.S. ^[121]

December 19, 2006 For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Vietnam had its first major outbreak of deadly H5N1 in thirteen months on December 6, 2006 due to chickens not being vaccinated because they had been hatched illegally. "There is a real threat now of the disease spreading to other places since the farmers threw away the birds’ carcasses before the outbreak came to light."^[122]

December 24, 2006 December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• In Egypt a woman died of H5N1, hours after tests confirmed she and two other members of her extended family had been suffering from the highly pathogenic virus. The 30-year-old woman had been in hospital since December 17, 2006, but doctors had not immediately suspected bird flu as she denied having had contact with poultry. The woman was part of an extended family of 33 living in a single house in a village near the town of Zifta in Gharbiya province, about 80 km north of Cairo, and was the third family member diagnosed with bird flu in 24 hours. Earlier, the World Health Organisation confirmed two siblings from the same house, a brother, 26, and sister, 15, had the virus. The family raised ducks in their home, and the brother and sister had slaughtered the flock after a number of ducks had become sick and died.^[123]

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, also known as A(H5N1) or H5N1, is a subtype of the Influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ducks amongst other poultry The Poultry-dealer, after Cesare Vecellio. ... Cairos location in Egypt Coordinates: Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area    - City 210 km²  - Metro 1,492 km² Population    - City (2005) 7,438,376  - Density 35,420/km²  - Urban 10,834,495  - Metro 15,200,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3) Cairo (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) comes from... For other meanings of the acronym WHO, see WHO (disambiguation) WHO flag Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health. ...

See also

• Global spread of H5N1 in 2004
• Global spread of H5N1 in 2005
• Fujian flu

Main article: Global spread of H5N1 The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. ... Main article: Global spread of H5N1 The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat. ... See H5N1 flu and Flu for details about the illnesses and H5N1 and H3N2 for details about the causitive agents. ...

Sources