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The Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) is a perennial, thistle-like plant, originating in southern Europe around the Mediterranean. It grows to 1.5-2 m tall, with arching, deeply lobed, silvery glaucous-green leaves 50-80 cm long. The flowers develop in a large head from an edible bud about 8-15 cm diameter with numerous triangular scales; the individual florets are purple. Globe Artichokes (Cynara scolymus) in a basket. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Divisions Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering plants Adiantum pedatum (a fern...
Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are a major group of land plants. ...
Orders see text Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. ...
Families See text The Asterales are an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers and daisies) and its related families. ...
Genera many, see list The aster or sunflower family (Family Asteraceae or, alternatively Family Compositae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ...
Species Cynara alba Cynara algarbiensis Cynara auranitica Cynara baetica Cynara cardunculus Cynara cornigera Cynara cyrenaica Cynara humilis Cynara hystrix Cynara scolymus Cynara syriaca Note that this list may include some synonyms Cynara is a genus of about 10 species of thistle-like perennials in the family Asteraceae, originally from the...
In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal method of naming species. ...
Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ▶(?), and in English usually under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ...
A Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ...
Species See text Thistles are perennial flowering plants of the genus Cirsium. ...
Southern Europe is a region of Europe. ...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. ...
California Poppies in flower Flower (Latin flos, floris; French fleur), a term popularly used for the bloom or blossom of a plant, is the reproductive structure of those plants classified as angiosperms (flowering plants; Division Magnoliophyta). ...
Cultivation
The Globe artichoke is very closely related to the Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), and possibly derived from it in cultivation; the controversy whether it occurs wild or is a cultivar of the Cardoon has not yet been resolved. It is likewise uncertain whether references to the Globe artichoke in classical Greek and Roman authors are really references to the Cardoon. It is, however, certain that the Globe artichoke as we know it today was cultivated in the eastern Mediterranean before the 12th century, and subsequently introduced to the rest of Europe. Binomial name Cynara cardunculus L. The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus), also called the artichoke thistle, is a member of the thistle family related to the Globe artichoke. ...
This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...
The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ...
The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...
(11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ...
Globe artichokes were first cultivated at Naples around the middle of the 15th century, and are said to have been introduced to France by Catherine de Medici, in the 16th century. The Dutch introduced artichokes to England, where they were growing in Henry VIII's garden at Newhall in 1530. They were introduced to the United States in the 19th century, to Louisiana by French immigrants and to California by Spanish immigrants. The name appears to have originated with the Arabic al-karsufa, through the Italian, articiocco. Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek ÎÎα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region and the Province of Naples. ...
(14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...
Catherine de Medici (April 13, 1519–January 5, 1589), born in Italy as Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de Medici, and later queen of France under the French name Catherine de M dicis, was the wife of King Henry II of France, of the Valois branch of the kings of...
(15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...
Newhall may refer to: A community in California, later incorporated into Santa Clarita Newhall, Iowa This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Events June 25 - Augsburg confession presented to Charles V of Holy Roman Empire. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
State nickname: Pelican State Official languages None; English and French de facto Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last official government census, but probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Governor Kathleen Blanco (D) Senators Mary Landrieu (D) David Vitter (R) Area - Total - % water Ranked 31st 134,382 km...
State nickname: The Golden State Official languages English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Senators Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) Area - Total - % water Ranked 3rd 410,000 km² 4. ...
Arabic (; , less formally, ) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...
Today, the Globe artichoke is cultivated mainly in France, Italy, and Spain. In the United States, California provides nearly 100 percent of the local crop, and approximately 80 percent of that is grown in Monterey County. Castroville in Monterey County proclaims itself to be "The Artichoke Center of the World" (a claim with no basis in international reality). The cultivar 'Green Globe' is virtually the only kind grown commercially in the U.S. Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of California, its northwestern section forming the southern half of Monterey Bay. ...
Castroville is a census-designated place located in Monterey County, California. ...
This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ...
Globe artichokes are perennials, and produce the edible flower only during the second and subsequent year. Commercial culture is limited to warm areas in USDA hardiness zone 7 and above. It requires good soil, regular watering and feeding plus frost protection in winter. Rooted suckers can be planted each year so that mature specimens can be disposed of after a few years, as each individual plant only lives a few years. The peak season for artichoke harvesting is the spring, but they continue to be harvested throughout the summer, with another peak period in mid autumn. A Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ...
When harvesting, if they are cut from the ground so as to leave an inch or two of stem, artichokes possess good keeping qualities, frequently remaining quite fresh for two weeks or longer under average retail conditions.
The recently introduced hybrid cultivar 'Imperial Star' has been bred to produce in the first year without such measures. An even newer cultivar, 'Northern Star', is said to be able to overwinter in more northerly climates, and readily survive sub-zero temperatures. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (3072x2304, 1460 KB) Summary Artichoke field in Bretagne, near Morlaix. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (3072x2304, 1460 KB) Summary Artichoke field in Bretagne, near Morlaix. ...
Apart from food use, the Globe artichoke is also an attractive plant for its bright floral display, sometimes grown in herbaceous borders for its bold foliage and large purple flowerheads.
Cooking and eating
Cooking Whole Globe artichokes are prepared for cooking by removing all but 5-10 mm or so of the stem, and cutting away about a quarter of each "leaf" with scissors. This removes the thorns that interfere with handling the leaves when eating. Then, the artichoke is boiled or steamed until tender, about 15-45 minutes. If boiling, salt can be added to the water, if desired.
Eating After cooking, the large leathery "leaves" forming a tight rosette are pulled off one by one, and their soft, inner basal part (usually) dipped in some kind of sauce, perhaps butter & lemon, mayonnaise or vinaigrette. The dipped soft part is then pulled off with the teeth and all the rest of the leaf discarded. The fleshy, edible part is found by many to be delicious, but quite sparse in proportion to that which is discarded. For the computer protocol, see SAUCE In cooking, a sauce is a liquid served on or used in the preparation of food. ...
In cooking, mayonnaise is a thick, creamy sauce, usually of a white or light yellow color, which is made and eaten cold. ...
The word vinaigrette (from the French language) can refer to: An emulsion of vinegar (or sometimes lemon juice) and vegetable oil, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. ...
This process continues until most of the leaves have been removed and the remaining ones are too small and delicate to bother with eating. This point is difficult to judge and the novice artichoke eater may wish to seek guidance by discreetly watching a companion. Finally, a knife is used to remove the thistle (the immature florets); the whole top layer of delicate feathery growth crowning the heart. It is this central top of the stem that supports the rosette that is sold cut up, pickled and bottled as "artichoke hearts".
The thistle part is fibrous and unpleasant to eat, and has a way of getting everywhere when it is cut away from the heart. Therefore, it is wise to cut some of the edible heart away and discard it along with the thistle to avoid making a mess.
Other methods Globe artichokes can be harvested while still small, cooked, and eaten whole. Boiled Globe artichokes can be deep fried in batter. Smaller artichokes can be quartered, tossed with oil, and roasted. Immature artichokes can also be pickled or canned. Globe artichokes may also be used to flavour liqueur. Globe artichokes for sale at Kroger. ...
Globe artichokes for sale at Kroger. ...
Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Deep frying Deep frying is a cooking method whereby food is submerged in hot oil or fat. ...
A liqueur is a sweet alcoholic beverage, often flavoured with fruits, herbs, spices, flowers, seeds, roots, plants, barks, and sometimes cream. ...
As A Dietary Supplement
Dosage Range 250 to 750mg, daily
Most common dosage 250mg, twice daily
Ingredients Caffeic acid, Phenolic (chlorogenic acid, cynarin), flavone glycosides, phytosterols Phytochemicals are sometimes referred to as phytonutrients; these terms are often used interchangeably. ...
A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ...
Phytosterols are phytochemicals structurally similar to mammalian steroid hormones. ...
Claimed uses Most Frequent:
Lowers cholesterol, stimulates liver, choleretic, improves digestion, antioxidant
Other:
Diuretic, kidney disease, proteinuria
Cautions Some may be allergic, consult doctor if pregnant or nursing, not to be used by children under 2 without doctor recommendation, do not use if bile duct obstruction is present
References The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
The Grocers Encyclopedia (New York, 1911) is a book about the growing, preparation, and marketing of foods written by Artemas Ward. ...
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