John Glubb Pasha in uniform

Sir John Bagot Glubb, better known as Glubb Pasha (born 16 April 1897, Preston, Lancashire – died 17 March 1986, Mayfield, Sussex), was a British soldier best known for leading and training Transjordan's Arab Legion 1939-1956 as its commanding general. During World War I, he served in France and was then transferred to Iraq in 1920, which was governed by Britain according to the League of Nations Mandate. Old public photo of John Glubb Pasha File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Old public photo of John Glubb Pasha File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This article discusses the rank/title used in the Ottoman Empire. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Preston is a city and local government district in North West England. ... Red Lancashire rose Lancashire is a county in the North of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mayfield is the name of any of a number of places: In Australia: Mayfield, suburb of Launceston, Tasmania, Australia Mayfield, suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia In Ireland: Mayfield, Cork, suburb of Cork city In New Zealand: Mayfield, New Zealand, village in Mid-Canterbury, Canturbury, New Zealand In the... Sussex is a traditional county in south-eastern England, corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ... Map of the territory of Transjordan The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... The Arab Legion (Al-jaish Al-arabi) was Transjordans and later on also Jordans regular army. ... General is a high military rank, used by nearly every country in the world. ... Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 5 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) 3 million military, 3 million civilian (full list) {{{notes}}} World War I... League of Nations mandates were territories established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, 28 June 1919. ...

Educated at Cheltenham College, he became an officer of the Arab Legion in 1930. The next year he formed the Desert Patrol a force consisting of exclusively beduins to curb the raiding problem that plagued the southern part of the country. Within a few years he had persuaded the beduins to abandon their habit of raiding neighbour tribes and the raids were soon a thing of the past. Cheltenham College Coat of Arms Cheltenham College opened in July 1841, in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England. ... The Arab Legion (Al-jaish Al-arabi) was Transjordans and later on also Jordans regular army. ... Bedouin resting at Mount Sinai Bedouin, derived from the Arabic badawi بدوي, a generic name for a desert-dweller, is a term generally applied to Sahara via the Western Desert, Sinai, and Negev to the eastern coast of the Arabian desert. ...

In 1939, Glubb succeeded Frederick G. Peake as the commander of the Arab Legion. During this period, he transformed the legion to the best trained force in the Arab world. Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Gerard Peake was a British commander and creator of the Arab Legion. ...

According to the Encyclopaedia of the Orient:

Glubb served his home country all through his years in the Middle East, making him immensely popular in the end. Arab nationalists believed that he had been the force behind pressure that made King Hussein I of Jordan join the Baghdad Pact. Glubb served different high positions in the Arab Legion, the army of Transjordan. During the World War II he led attacks on Arab leaders in Iraq, as well as the Vichy regime which was present in Lebanon and Syria. [1]

On 15 May 1948 Glubb led the Arab Legion across the Jordan to occupy the West Bank, not expecting to fight for it because of the understanding between the Jewish Agency and King Abdullah. According to Avi Shlaim, Motto: Dieu et mon droit (Royal motto) (French for God and my right)3 Anthem: God Save the Queen4 Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English de facto 5 Government Queen Prime Minister Constitutional monarchy Elizabeth II Tony Blair Establishment 18016 Area  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Water (%)   244,820 km² (77th... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: ; November 14, 1935 – February 7, 1999) was the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1952 to 1999. ... The Central Treaty Organization (also referred to as CENTO, the successor to the Middle East Treaty Organization or METO, also known as the Baghdad Pact) was adopted in 1955 by Iraq, Turkey, Iran, as well as United States chose not to initially participate as to avoid alienating Arab states with... Combatants Allies: • Soviet Union, • UK & Commonwealth, • USA, • France/Free France, • China, • Poland, • ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Japan, • Italy, • ...and others Commanders Strength Casualties Full list Full list World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a large scale military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ... Presidential flag of Vichy France Vichy France, or the Vichy regime was the de facto French government of 1940-1944 during the Nazi Germany occupation of World War II. Now known in French as the Régime de Vichy or Vichy, during its existence it referred to itself as L... Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... The Jewish Agency for Israel also known as The Jewish Agency (or sochnut in Hebrew), was previously called the Jewish Agency for Palestine (during the British Mandate of Palestine) is an Israeli organisation that advocates for Israel and is composed mainly, but not entirely, of Jewish people. ... Abdullah I of Jordan King Abdullah I of Jordan (1882 – July 20, 1951) (Arabic: عبد الله الأول), also known as Abdullah bin Husayn (Arabic: عبد الله بن حسين), was, successively, Emir of Trans-Jordan (1921–1946) under a British Mandate, then King of Transjordan (May 25, 1946–1949), and finally King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan...

Rumors that Abdullah was once again in contact with the Jewish leaders further damaged his standing in the Arab world. His many critics suggested that he was prepared to compromise the Arab claim to the whole of Palestine as long as he could acquire part of Palestine for himself. 'The internecine struggles of the Arabs,' reported Glubb, 'are more in the minds of Arab politicians than the struggle against the Jews. Azzam Pasha, the mufti and the Syrian government would sooner see the Jews get the whole of Palestine than that King Abdullah should benefit.' (p. 96)

Glubb remained in charge of the defence of the West Bank following the armistice in March 1949 and as the commander of the Arab Legion until 1 March 1956 when he was dismissed by King Hussein who wanted to distance himself from the British, and disprove the contention of Arab nationalists that Glubb was the actual ruler of Jordan. Differences between Glubb and Hussein had been apparent since 1952, especially over defence arrangements, the promotion of Arab officers and the funding of the Arab Legion. Despite his decommission, which was forced upon him by public opinion, he remained a close friend of the king. He spent the remainder of his life writing books and articles, mostly on the Middle East and his experiences with the Arabs. Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam (1893 - 1976) was an Egyptian diplomat, with family origins in Libya (Nisan, 2002). ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: حسين بن طلال) (November 14, 1935 - February 7, 1999) was the King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan from 1952 to 1999. ... A reserve fleet or (less formally) mothball fleet is a collection of naval vessels that are fully equipped for fighting but are not currently needed. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Quoted in Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong: Western Impact and the Middle Eastern Response (2002), Glubb summed up his views as follows: "We have given them self-government for which they are totally unsuited. They veer naturally towards dictatorship. Democratic institutions are promptly twisted into engines of intrigue -- thus the same bunch crop up after each coup in a different guise, until disposed of by assassination." Prof. ...

Honours

Glubb was appointed OBE in 1925; CMG in 1946 and KCB in 1956. [[LinItalic textItalic textBold text--144. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ...

Family

In 1938 Glubb married Muriel Rosemary Forbes, the daughter of physician James Graham Forbes. The couple had a son, Godfrey (named after the Crusader king), born in Jerusalem in 1939 and adopted a Bedouin girl in 1944 and another daughter and son, both Palestinian refugees, in 1947. Sir John died in 1986 at his home in East Mayfield, Sussex, and is buried in the graveyard at St. Dunstan's Church, in the village. Lady Glubb passed in September 2005 and is interred with him. Their son, Godfrey, converted to Islam as a young man and took the name of Faris, becoming a prominent journalist and researcher into the Palestinian cause. He was killed in a hit and run accident in Kuwait in 2005.

See also

• T.E. Lawrence

Thomas Edward Lawrence (August 16, 1888 – May 19, 1935), also known as Lawrence of Arabia, and (apparently, among his Arab allies) Aurens or El Aurens, became famous for his role as a British liaison officer during the Arab Revolt of 1916–1918. ...

Writings

The source for the following bibliography is Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2005. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2005.

• (With Henry Field) The Yezidis, Sulubba, and Other Tribes of Iraq and Adjacent Regions, G. Banta, 1943.
• The Story of the Arab Legion, Hodder & Stoughton, 1948, Da Capo Press, 1976.
• A Soldier with the Arabs, Harper, 1957.
• Britain and the Arabs: A Study of Fifty Years, 1908 to 1958, Hodder & Stoughton, 1959.
• War in the Desert: An R.A.F. Frontier Campaign, Hodder & Stoughton, 1960, Norton, 1961.
• The Great Arab Conquests, Hodder & Stoughton, 1963, Prentice-Hall, 1964.
• The Empire of the Arabs, Hodder & Stoughton, 1963, Prentice-Hall, 1964.
• The Course of Empire: The Arabs and Their Successors, Hodder & Stoughton, 1965, Prentice-Hall, 1966.
• The Lost Centuries: From the Muslim Empires to the Renaissance of Europe, 1145-1453, Hodder & Stoughton, 1966, Prentice-Hall, 1967.
• Syria, Lebanon and Jordan, Walker & Co., 1967.
• The Middle East Crisis: A Personal Interpretation, Hodder & Stoughton, 1967.
• A Short History of the Arab Peoples, Stein & Day, 1969.
• The Life and Times of Muhammad, Stein & Day, 1970.
• Peace in the Holy Land: An Historical Analysis of the Palestine Problem, Hodder & Stoughton, 1971.
• Soldiers of Fortune: The Story of the Mamlukes, Stein & Day, 1973.
• Haroon Al Rasheed and the Great Abbasids, Hodder & Stoughton, 1976.
• Into Battle: A Soldier's Diary of the Great War, Cassell, 1977.
• The Fate of Empires and Search for Survival, Blackwood (Edinburgh), 1978.
• Arabian Adventures: Ten Years of Joyful Service, Cassell (London), 1978.
• The Changing Scenes of Life: An Autobiography, Quartet Books (London), 1983.

References

• James Lunt, ‘Glubb, Sir John Bagot (1897-1986)’, rev., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0002726386
• Benny Morris, The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews, ISBN 1860648126
• Shlaim, A. (2001). Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948. In E. L. Rogan, A. Shlaim, C. Tripp, J. A. Clancy-Smith, I. Gershoni, R. Owen, Y. Sayigh & J. E. Tucker (Eds.), The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (pp. 79-103). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521794765

Benny Morris is a prominent Jewish, Zionist, Israeli historian. ...

External links

• Glubb, Sir John Bagot
• 1956 - King of Jordan sacks British general (BBC article and video)

Photos

• Glubb Pasha on the right with King Abdullah in the middle
• The Desert Patrol