The ‘’’glucocorticoid receptor’’’ (GR) is a ligand-activated intracytoplasmatic transcription factor that interacts with high affinity to cortisol and other glucocorticoids. Jump to: navigation, search In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion or functional group that is bonded to one or more central atoms or ions, usually metals generally through coordinate covalent bond. ... In molecular biology, a transcription factor is a protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region or site, where it regulates transcription. ... Look up affinity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The word affinity (Lat. ... Cortisol (hydrocortisone, C21H30O5 ), is a corticosteroid hormone synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the cortex of the adrenal glands. ... The name glucocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormones were involved in glucose metabolism. ...

The GR is controlled by gene NR3Cl on chromosome 5 ( 5q31). This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ...

Like the other steroid receptors the structure of the GR consists of a variable domain, the DNA-binding domain with zinc fingers, a hinge region, and the hormone-binding domain with a final carboxy terminal. Jump to: navigation, search A zinc finger is part of a protein that can bind to DNA. Zinc finger domains typically consist of two antiparallel β sheets, each carrying a cysteine residue, and an α helix carrying two histidine residues. ...

Cortisol diffuses through the cell wall into the cytoplasm and binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) forming a GR-hormone complex. Initially the GR includes the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and the protein FKBP52. Dissociation of the GR complex releases the heat shock chaperones and yields the free cortisol-receptor subunits that link up as homodimers. These are translocated via nucleopores into the nucleus and bind with zinc fingers to the specific DNA responsive elements activating gene transcription. The biologic response depends on the cell type. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins in unstressed cells. ... Hsp70 is a family of heat shock proteins including HSP70 (also known as Hsp72), Bip and the prokaryotic protein DnaK with an approximate molecular weight of 70 kDa. ... In biology, chaperones are proteins whose function is to assist other proteins in achieving proper folding. ... Sucrose, or common table sugar, is composed of glucose and fructose. ... Jump to: navigation, search Nucleus can mean: The Nuclear Envelope The nucleus is enveloped by a pair of membranes enclosing a lumen that is continuous with that of the endoplasmic reticulum. ... Transcription may be one of the following: In linguistics, transcription is the conversion of spoken words into written language. ...

Relaxin is an agonist, and RU486 and cyproterone are antagonists of the GR. Also, progesterone and DHEA have antagonist effects on the GR. Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid. ... Cyproterone acetate (Androcur®, Cyprostat®) is an antiandrogen, i. ... Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. ... Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural steroid hormone produced from cholesterol by the adrenal glands. ...

The GR is abnormal in familial glucocorticoid resistance (PMID 11932321).

External links

• Human Protein Reference Database
• OMIM 138040