Gluconic acid
General
Systematic name	2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Other names	None
Molecular formula	C6H12O7
SMILES	CH2(OH)[CH(OH)]4C(O)OH
Molar mass	? g/mol
Appearance	?
CAS number	[526-95-4]
Properties
Density and phase	?
Solubility in water	?
Other solvents	?
Melting point	?
Boiling point	?
Acidity (pKa)	3.86
Viscosity	? cP at ? °C
Structure
Crystal structure	?
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	Corrosive (C)
NFPA 704	?
Flash point	?
R/S statement	?
RTECS number	?
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Gluconic acid is the carboxylic acid formed by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose and has the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₇. When dissolved in water, it forms the gluconate ion C₆H₁₁O₇⁻; the salts of gluconic acid are also known as gluconates. Image File history File links D-Gluconic_acid. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1100x613, 142 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Gluconic acid ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... In physics, Density is defined as mass m per unit volume V. Mathematically, it is expressed as where, in SI units: ρ (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kg m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg v is the volume of the substance... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Solubility refers to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... This article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, the acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... The related Category:Units of viscosity has been nominated for deletion, merging, or renaming. ... The poise (P; IPA: ) is the unit of dynamic viscosity in the centimetre gram second system of units. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... An example MSDS in a US format provides guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture with air. ... Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Basic schematic of a mass spectrometer Mass spectrometry (also known as mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or in common speech mass-spec) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid The 3D structure of the carboxyl group A space-filling model of the carboxyl group Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)OH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H. [1] Carboxylic acids are Bronsted... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Impact of a drop of water. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) Salt covering the floor of Bad Water in Death Valley, CA, the lowest point in the US. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is neutral...

Chemical structure

The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxyl group. This latter group can lose a hydrogen ion and thus turns the molecule into an acid. The IUPAC name of gluconic acid is 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid. Chemical structure refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. ... // Hydroxyl group The term hydroxyl group is used to describe the functional group -OH when it is a substituent in an organic compound. ... In chemistry, a carboxyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl (-OH) group, typically written as -COOH: where R is a hydrogen or an organic group. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... This prefix in chemical nomenclature indicates the presence of a hydroxyl functional group (-OH). ... Hexanoic acid, also known as caproic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the formula C5H11COOH. It is an oily liquid smelling of cheese. ...

In aqueous solution, some gluconic acid molecules will convert to the cyclic ester Glucono delta lactone, and the two exist in equilibrium. Glucono delta-lactone (GDL) is a naturally occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. ...

Uses

Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea and wine and is used as a food additive, an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it helps cleaning up mineral deposits. It is a strong chelating agent, especially in alkaline solution. It chelates the cations of calcium, iron, aluminium, copper, and other heavy metals. The molar mass of gluconic acid is 196gr/mol . Fruit stall in Barcelona, Spain. ... A jar of honey, shown with a wooden honey server and scones. ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ... Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavour or improve its taste and appearance. ... Acidity regulators, or pH control agents, are food additives added to change or maintain pH (acidity or basicity). ... Chelation (from Greek, claw like) describes the reversible binding of an organic ligand, the chelator or chelating agent, to a metal ion, forming a metal complex, the chelate. ... A cation is an ion with positive charge. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Atomic mass 63. ...

Numbers

• E number: E574
• CAS Number 526-95-4

For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ...

See also

• Glucono delta-lactone

Glucono delta-lactone (GDL) is a naturally occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, an acidifier, or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. ...

External links

• Gluconic acid on NIST.gov
• Links to external chemical sources