NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Glucosinolate

The glucosinolates are a class of organic compounds that contain sulfur, nitrogen and a group derived from glucose. They occur as secondary metabolites of many plants of the order Brassicales (especially in the family Brassicaceae, furthermore Capparidaceae and Caricaceae), but also in the genus Dryetes (family Euphorbiaceae)[1]. Plants use substances derived from glucosinolates as natural pesticides and as defense against herbivores; these substances are also responsible for the bitter or sharp taste of many common foods such as mustard, horseradish, cabbage and Brussels sprouts. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 386 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,650 Ã— 797 pixels, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 386 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (1,650 Ã— 797 pixels, file size: 27 KB, MIME type: image/png) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Benzene is the simplest of the arenes, a family of organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is an important carbohydrate in biology. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into natural product. ... For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation). ... In scientific classification used in biology, the order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). ... Families See text. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Genera See text. ... genera See text. ... Genera See text Caricaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, native to tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is a rank, or a taxon in that rank. ... Genera See text Ref: Euphorbiaceae in The Families of Flowering Plants, as of 2002-07-13 The Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is a large family of flowering plants with 280 genera and around 6000 species. ... A cropduster spreading pesticide. ... Plants have evolved an enormous array of mechanical and chemical defenses against the animals that eat them. ... Species See text. ... Binomial name P.G. Gaertn. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... The Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) is a cultivar group of Wild Cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ...

Glucosinolates are water-soluble anions and belong to the glucosides. Every glucosinolate contains a central carbon atom which is bond via a sulfur atom to the glycone group, and via a nitrogen atom to a sulfonated oxime group. In addition, the central carbon is bond to a side group; different glucosinolates have different side groups. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ...

About 120 different glucosinolates are known to occur naturally in plants. They are synthesized from certain amino acids: So called aliphatic glucosinolates derived from mainly methionine, but also alanine, leucine, or valin. Indolic glucosinolates are derived from tryptophan, while aromatic ones come mainly from phenylalanine, but also tyrosine. The plants contain the enzyme myrosinase which, in the presence of water, cleaves off the glucose group from a glucosinolate. The remaining molecule then quickly converts to a thiocyanate, an isothiocyanate or a nitrile; these are the active substances that serve as defense for the plant. To prevent damage to the plant itself, the myrosinase and glucosinolates are stored in separate compartments of the cell and come together only under conditions of stress or injury. This article is about the class of chemicals. ... In chemistry, non-aromatic and non-cyclic (acyclic) organic compounds are called aliphatic. ... Methionine is an Î±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2SCH3. ... Alanine (Ala, A) also 2-aminopropanoic acid is a non-essential Î±-amino acid. ... Leucine is one of the 20 most common amino acids and coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ... In the Hindu epic Ramayana, the vanara Vali was king of Kishkindha, a son of Indra and the elder brother of Sugriva. ... Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. ... Tryptophan (abbreviated as Trp or W)[1] is one of the 20 standard amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, and an essential amino acid in the human diet. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... Phenyl alanine is an Î±-amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2C6H5. ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells... Myrosinase ( Synonym: thioglucoside glucohydrolase) is not just a single enzyme but is a family or group of enzymes. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... The structure and bonding of the thiocyanate ion Thiocyanate (also known as sulphocyanate or thiocyanide) is the anion, [SCN]âˆ’. Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. ... Isothiocyanate is the chemical group -N=C=S, formed by substituting sulfur for oxygen in the isocyanate group. ... A nitrile is any organic compound which has a -Câ‰¡N functional group. ...

Because the use of glucosinolate-containing crops as primary food source for animals was shown to have negative effects, food crops have been developed that contain very low amounts of glucosinolates (e.g. canola). The glucosinolate sinigrin amongst others was shown to be responsible for the bitterness of cooked cauliflower [2] as well as in Brussels sprouts [3]. On the other hand, plants producing large amounts of glucosinolates are also desirable, because substances derived from these can serve as natural pesticides and are under investigation in the prevention of cancer (with sulforaphane in broccoli being the best known example). In agriculture, Canola is a trademarked cultivar of genetically engineered rapeseed variants from which rapeseed oil is obtained. ... Sinigrin is a glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra). ... Cauliflower within Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. ... Cultivar Group Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group The Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) is a cultivar group of cabbage cultivated for its small (typically 2. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Sulforaphane is an anticancer and antimicrobial compound that can be obtained by eating cruciferous vegetables such as brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, bok choy, kale, collards, broccoli sprouts, chinese broccoli, broccoli raab, kohlrabi, mustard, turnip, radish, rocket, and watercress. ... Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ...

See also

Sinigrin is a glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra). ... Sinalbin is a glucosinolate found in the seeds of mustard (like sinigrin) which elicits a pungent taste. ... Gluconasturtiin is a glucosinolate found in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) like sinigrin. ...

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Categories: Carbohydrates | Glycosides | Plant physiology Biochemistry (from Greek: , bios, life and Egyptian kÄ“me, earth[1]) is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms. ... Peptides (from the Greek Ï€ÎµÏ€Ï„Î¿Ï‚, digestible), are the family of short molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various Î±-amino acids. ... This article is about the class of chemicals. ... Look up nucleic acid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... Nucleotide sugars are biochemicals that act as donors of sugar residues in nucleotide sugars metabolism. ... Some common lipids. ... Many terpenes are derived from conifer resins, here a pine. ... The orange ring surrounding Grand Prismatic Spring is due to carotenoid molecules, produced by huge mats of algae and bacteria. ... Polypyrrole A Polypyrrole (PPy) is a chemical compound formed from a number of connected pyrrole ring structures. ... A cofactor is any substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyze a certain reaction. ... This article is about the chemical family of steroids. ... Molecular structure of the flavone backbone (2-phenyl-1,4-benzopyrone) The term flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites. ... Chemical structure of ephedrine, a phenethylamine alkaloid An alkaloid is, strictly speaking, a naturally occurring amine produced by a plant,[1] but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids. ... Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. ... A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ... A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of chemical bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently (analogous to a chemical anagram). ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of functional group that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to an alcohol, which may be another carbohydrate. ... Arbutin, a simple glycoside Genin redirects here. ... A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. ... Fructose Fructosides are glycosides where the glycone group is fructose. ... Glucuronide is a substance produced by attaching glucuronic acid to another substance with glycosidic bonds. ... In chemistry, glycosides are certain molecules in which a sugar part is bound to some other part. ... In chemistry, glycosides are certain molecules in which a sugar part is bound to some other part. ... Saponins are the glycosides of 27 carbon atom steroids, or 30 carbon atom triterpenes. ... Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia. ... The steviol glycosides are responsible for the sweet taste of the leaves of the stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana bertoni). ... Glycosylamine is a compound consisting of an amine with a Î²-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Cardenolides are a type of steroids. ...

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