The α-D form of glucuronic acid.

Glucuronic acid (from Greek γλυκερός - "sweet") is a carboxylic acid that has the structure of a glucose molecule that has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. Its formula is C₆H₁₀O₇. Image File history File links Glucuronic_acid. ... Image File history File links Glucuronic_acid. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide, is one of the most important carbohydrates. ... In general, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its composition and chemical properties. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... Properties An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...

The salts of glucuronic acid are known as glucuronates; the anion C₆H₉O₇⁻ is the glucuronate ion. A magnified crystal of salt In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ...

Glucuronic acid is highly soluble in water. Animals link glucuronic acid to poisonous substances to allow for subsequent elimination, and to hormones to allow for easier transport. Pharmacists also commonly link drugs to glucuronic acid to allow for easier delivery. These linkages involve O-glycosidic bonds. The process is known as glucuronidation, and the resulting substances are known as glucuronides (or glucuronosides). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... The venom of the black widow spider is a potent latrotoxin. ... A hormone (from Greek horman - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a certain type of chemical bond that joins a sugar molecule to another molecule. ... Example of glucuronidation Glucuronidation of alcohols and acids Glucuronidation is a major inactivating pathway for a huge variety of exogenous and endogenous molecules, including drugs, polluants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids and bile acids. ... Glucuronide is a substance produced by attaching glucuronic acid to another substance with glycosidic bonds. ...

Glucuronic acid pathway

Glucuronidation uses UDP-glucuronic acid (glucuronic acid linked via a glycosidic bond to uridine diphosphate) as an intermediate. UDP-glucuronic acid is formed in the liver of all animals. The linking of toxins to glucuronic acid is catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-glucuronyltransferase, which has been found in all major body organs: heart, kidneys, adrenal gland, spleen, thymus, etc. Image File history File links Glucuronic. ... Image File history File links Glucuronic. ... Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide. ... The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ... Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypotetical exothermic chemical reaction. ... Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. ...

UDP-glucuronic acid serves as the source of glucuronic acid for the biosynthesis of polysaccharides. It is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (except in primates and guinea pigs). Biosynthesis is a phenomenon where chemical compounds are produced from simpler reagents. ... Polysaccharides (sometimes called glycans) are relatively complex carbohydrates. ... This article deals with the molecule ascorbic acid in General, for the nutrient see Vitamin C Ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. ...

Glucuronidases are those enzymes that hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between glucuronic acid and some other compound. Glucuronidase is a lysosomal glycosidase, a type of enzyme that removes carbohydrate groups from proteins. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ...

Glucuronic acid should not be confused with gluconic acid, a linear carboxylic acid resulting from the oxidation of a different carbon of glucose. Gluconic acid is the carboxylic acid formed by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose and has the chemical formula C6H12O7. ...