Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde

Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula C₃H₆O₃. It is the simplest of all common aldoses. It is a sweet colorless crystalline solid that is an intermediate compound in carbohydrate metabolism. The word comes from combining glycerine and aldehyde, as glyceraldehyde is merely glycerine with one hydroxide changed to an aldehyde. Image File history File links D-glyceraldehyde_Fischer_b. ... Fischer projection of D-glucose In chemistry (particularly organic chemistry and biochemistry), a Fischer projection is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection. ... A triose is a monosaccharide containing three carbon atoms. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde An aldose is a monosaccharide (a certain type of sugar) containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form CnH2nOn (n>=3). ... Look up Sweet on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Sweet may refer to: the basic taste sensation of sweetness. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ... Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος (metabolismos), the Greek word for change, or overthrow (Etymonline)), is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ... Glycerin, also known as glycerine and glycerol, and less commonly as 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet tasting viscous liquid. ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: OH− It has a charge of −1. ...

Glyceraldehyde has a chiral centre and therefore exists in two different conformations with opposite steriochemical rotation: In chemistry, a molecule is chiral if it is not superimposable on its mirror image regardless of how it is contorted. ... Conformation generally means structural arrangement. ...

• (R from greek rectus meaning upright), or steriochemically (D for dextrorotory, meaning Right)
• (S from greek sinister meaning left), or steriochemically (L for levorotory, meaning Left)

While the optical rotation of glyceraldehyde is (+) for dextrorotory and (-) for levorotory, this is not true for all monosaccharides. The steriochemical rotation can be intuitively determined by the chemical structure, whereas the optical rotation can only be determined empirically. When polarized light is passed through a substance containing chiral molecules (or nonchiral molecules arranged asymmetrically), the direction of polarization can be changed. ... ...

Monosaccharides with an identical conformation at the anomeric carbon to (R)-glyceraldehyde are assigned the stereo-descriptor D, those similar to (S)-glyceraldehyde are assigned a L. Both, D and L, should be small capital letters. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Anomer. ... In typography, small caps (short for small capitals) are uppercase (capital) characters that are printed in a smaller size than normal uppercase characters of the same font. ...

Glyceraldehyde can be prepared, along with dihydroxyacetone, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst. Fischer projection of dihydroxyacetone Dihydroxyacetone (also know as DHA) is a triose carbohydrate with chemical formula C3H6O3. ... ... Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water, that has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and in rocketry (particularly in high concentrations as high test peroxide (HTP)) as a monopropellant and... FerrLink titleMedia:Example. ... Salt Crystals (http://www. ... A catalyst (Greek: καταλύτης, catalytēs) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis). ...

It was by a lucky guess that the D molecular geometry was assigned to (+)-glyceraldehyde in the late 19th century, as confirmed by x-ray crystallography in 1951. X-ray crystallography is a technique in crystallography in which the pattern produced by the diffraction of X-rays through the closely spaced lattice of atoms in a crystal is recorded and then analyzed to reveal the nature of that lattice. ...

See also

• Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer. ...

External links

• Structure of D-glyceraldehyde
• Chin. Chem. Soc., Vol. 46(3) 283 (1999) On the Assignment of Anomeric Configuration (pdf)