Gojong of Joseon
Emperor Gojong of Korea
Korean name
Hangul:	고종
Hanja:	高宗
Revised Romanization:	Gojong
McCune-Reischauer:	Kojong

Gojong, the Emperor Gwangmu (광무제 光武帝 gwang mu je) (8 September 1852–21 January 1919) was the twenty-sixth king and first emperor of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. Photo of Gojong. ... Photo of Gojong. ... The Korean language (한국어 / ì¡°ì„ ì–´) is the most widely used language in Korea, and is the official language of both North and South Korea. ... Hangul (한글) is the native alphabet used to write the Korean language, as opposed to the Hanja system borrowed from China. ... Hanja (lit. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Joseon Dynasty (alternatively, Choson or Chosun) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910. ...

Gojong took the throne in 1863 when he was still a child. His father, Regent Heungseon (Daewon-gun), ruled for him until Gojong reached adulthood and ruled the country directly. It was during Daeweon-gun's reign that the main palace at Gyeongbokgung was restored as the seat of the royalty. 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Daewon-gun, or properly Heungseon Daewon-gun, (1820–1898) was the regent of Joseon during much of the later 19th century. ... Gyeongbokgung Map Gyeongbokgung (Gyeongbok Palace) is a palace located in northern Seoul, South Korea. ...

Following the invasion of Korea by Chinese, Japanese, and Russian forces during the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) and Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), and the subsequent Japanese victories in both wars, Gojong was pressured to accept pro-Japanese advisors to the royal court by the Meiji Emperor of Japan. His domestic and foreign policies, however, proved to be successful in the face of the Japanese threat, mostly because they were cleverly directed by his brilliant wife, Queen Min, officially known as Empress Myeongseong. Myeongseong used Russian and Chinese interests in Korea to defend her country from Japanese domination. Her domestic policies were also successful in industrializing Korea. However, due to the shift in the balance of power, the Japanese assassinated her and effectively ended any chance of Korea's remaining independent. Japan and Qing China fought the First Sino-Japanese War (or the Qing-Japanese War) during 1894 and 1895, primarily over control of Korea. ... 1894 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Greater Manchuria, Russian (outer) Manchuria is region to upper right in lighter Red; Liaodong Peninsula is the wedge extending into the Yellow Sea The Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) was an extremely bloody conflict that grew out of the rival imperialist ambitions of Russia and Japan in Manchuria and Korea. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) Mutsuhito (睦仁), the Meiji Emperor (明治天皇, literally Enlightened Rule Emperor) (3 November 1852–30 July 1912) was the 122nd Emperor of Japan. ... Her Imperial Majesty Empress Myeongseong of Korea (1851–1895), more commonly known as Queen Min (閔妃), was the last empress of Korea. ...

Gojong continued his late wife's policies to the end of his reign. He proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 in order to defend Korea against Japanese aggression. Following the Protectorate Treaty of 1905 between Korea and Japan, which stripped Korea of its rights as an independent nation, he sent representatives to the Hague Peace Convention of 1907 in order to tell the world of the crimes of Japanese imperialism in Korea. Although the Korean representatives were blocked by the Japanese delegates, they did not give up, and later held interviews with newspapers. As a result, an enraged Meiji forced Gojong to abdicate in favour of Gojong's son, Sunjong. The Korean Empire existed from 1897 to 1910. ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of international law. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Sunjong, crowned Emperor Yung-hui (융희제 隆熙帝), (March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926) was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea, ruling from 1907 until the Japanese annexation in 1910. ...

Children

• Prince Seon (Wan-hwa Gun or Wan Chinwang), first son with his partner, Lady Yeong-bo, (16 April 1868–12 January 1880)

• Crown Prince Cheok (Hwang Tae-ja), fourth son with his first wife, Empress Myungsung, (March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926), (see Emperor Yunghui); He was married to Miss Min, a daughter of Min Tae-ho – a leader of the Yeoheung-Min clan – known posthumously as Empress Sunmyeong; however, she died before her husband's enthronement. Cheok married again Miss Yun, a daughter of Yun Taek-yeong, who became known as the Empress Sunjeong.

• Prince Gang (Eui-hwa Gun or Eui Chinwang), fifth son with his partner, Lady Jang, (30 March 1877–August 1955); He married Kim Su-deok, who became Princess Duk-in; a daughter of Kim Sa-jun.

• Prince Eun (Yeong Chinwang), seventh son with his second wife, Princess Consort Sunheon, (20 October 1897–1 May 1970), (see Crown Prince Eun); He married Princess Masako Nashimoto of Japan, a daughter of Prince Morimasa Nashimoto of Japan.

• Prince Yuk, eighth son with his partner, Lady Gwang-hwa (1906–1908)

• Prince Wu, ninth son with his partner, Lady Bohyeon; unfortunately, he died in infancy.

• Princess Dukhye (Dukhye Ongju), fourth daughter with his partner, Lady Boknyeong, (25 May 1912–11 April 1989); she married Count Takeyuki Sou, a Japanese nobleman of Tsushima.

April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sunjong, crowned Emperor Yung-hui (융희제 隆熙帝), (March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926) was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea, ruling from 1907 until the Japanese annexation in 1910. ... Her Imperial Majesty Empress Sunjeong of Korea (born 20 August 1894 - 3 February 1966) was the consort of Emperor Yunghui (born 25 March 1874 - 24 April 1926), the last emperor of Korea. ... His Imperial Highness Prince Gang (李堈 이강 i gang) of Korea, (대한제국 의친왕 이강 전하 dae han je guk eui chin wang i gang jeon ha), (born 30 March 1877 - ? August 1955) was the fifth son of Emperor Gwangmu of Korea and his concubine, Lady Jang who was a courts lady-in-waiting. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1955 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. ... His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince Eun (李垠 이은), hwang tae ja yeong chin wang jeon ha (皇太子英親王殿下 황태자 영친왕 전하), (born 20 October 1897 - 1 May 1970) is the 28th Head of Korean Imperial Household, and last Crown Prince (皇太子 황태자 hwang tae ja) of Korea. ... Her Imperial Highness Crown Princess Bang-ja of Korea (英親王妃李方子殿下 영친왕비 이방자 전하 ; 4 November 1901-30 April 1989) was the consort of Crown Prince Eun of Korea. ... Prince and Princess Nashimoto Morimasa and their daughters, circa 1915 Prince Nashimoto Morimasa (梨本宮守正王, Nashimoto no miya Morimasa ō) (9 March 1874 - 2 January 1951) was a one-time member of the Japanese imperial family, field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army, and the chief priest of the Ise Shrine... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Princess Dukhye of Korea (25 May 1912 - 21 April 1989) was the last Princess of Korea. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1912 is a leap year starting on Monday. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tsushima is a name related to Japan. ...

Titles

• Lord Yi Myeongbok (Jaehwang) (李命福 이명복 i myeong bok), the second son of Prince Heungseon, a great-great-grandson of Yeongjo (1852–1863)
• His Majesty King Gojong of Korea (1863–1897)
• His Imperial Majesty Emperor Gwangmu of Korea (大韓帝國光武太皇帝陛下 dae han je guk gwang mu tae hwang je pye ha) (1897–1907)
• His Imperial Majesty the ex-Emperor of Korea (大韓帝國太皇帝陛下 dae han je guk tae hwang je pye ha) (1907–1910), after his abdication by force of Japanese government
  • His Maejsty the ex-King Yi of Korea (德壽宮李太王殿下 deok su gung i tae wang jeon ha) (1910–1919), a demoted title by the Japanese government on the annexation of Korea

King Yeongjo was the 21st king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1910 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1919 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

His full posthumous name

• His Imperial Majesty Emperor Gojong Tongcheon Yungwun Jogeuk Donyun Jeongseong Gwangeui Myeonggong Daedeok Yojun Sunhwi Umo Tanggyeong Eungmyeong Ripgi Jihwa Sinryeol Oehun Hongeop Gyegi Sunryeok Geonhaeng Gonjeong Yeongeui Honghyu Sugang Munheon Mujang Inik Jeonghyo of Korea

• (대한제국고종통천융운조극돈윤정성광의명공대덕요준순휘우모탕경응명립기지화신렬외훈홍업계기선력건행곤정영의홍휴수강문헌무장인익정효황제폐하)
• (大韓帝國高宗統天隆運肇極敦倫正聖光義明功大德堯峻舜徽禹謨湯敬應命立紀至化神烈巍勳洪業啓基宣曆乾行坤定英毅弘休壽康文憲武章仁翼貞孝皇帝陛下)

Cheoljong (1831 - 1863) was the 25th king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ... Korea has been ruled by a number of kingdoms/empires and republics over the last several millennia. ... Sunjong, crowned Emperor Yung-hui (융희제 隆熙帝), (March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926) was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea, ruling from 1907 until the Japanese annexation in 1910. ...