The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. 552) and his sons, and expanded rapidly to rule wide territories in Central Asia. The Gokturks originated from the Ashina tribe, an Altaic people who lived in the northern corner of the area presently called the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomus Region of China. They were the first Turkic tribe to use the name "Türk" as a political name. Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian peoples who speak languages belonging to the Turkic family, and who, in varying degrees, share certain cultural and historical traits. ... Events July - Battle of Taginae: The Byzantine general Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. ... The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, most likely of diverse origin with a Turkic-speaking aristocracy, who appeared in Europe in the 4th century, the most famous being Attila the Hun. ... Bumin Khan (death: 552 AD) was the founder of the Kokturk state. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ashina (also Asen or Asena), the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turks, according to Xin Tangshu they were related to the northern tribes from Xiongnu, though four theories were already established prior to the present under Zhoushu, Suishu and Youyang Zazu from as early as the 7th-century [1]. The... Xinjiang (Uyghur: (Shinjang); Chinese: æ–°ç–†; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى (Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni); Simplified Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区; Traditional Chinese: 新疆維吾爾自治區; Hanyu Pinyin: ), is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Turkish: Uygur; Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Hanyu Pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China, mainly in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group, together with Han Chinese, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Turks, and Russians. ...

The state's most famous personalities other than its founder Bumin are princes Kul Tigin and Bilge and the vizier Tonyukuk, whose life stories were carved on the famous Orkhon inscriptions. Kul Tigin (Kül (Köl, Gül, Göl) Tigin Khan Bengü İnançu Apa Tarkan Taşı) (685 - 731 or 732 AD) was a Turkic leader. ... Bilge Khan (Arslan Bilgä Khağan Bengü Taşı; 683 or 684 - 734) was one of the most influential emperors of the Gokturk Empire. ... Tonyukuk (d. ... Orhon (or Orkhon) inscriptions are the oldest known Turkic writings, which were erected near the Orhon River between 732 and 735 in honour of two Kokturk princes named Kul and Bilge. ...

Etymology

Kök-Turks is said to mean "Celestial Turks," but this is contested. Alternate meanings are Blue Turks, and Numerous Turks; as "kök" meant both "sky" and "blue" in the Köktürk language, and a similar sounding word stands for "root." According to the ancient East Asian cosmology outlined in the theory of the Five Elements (五行 Wǔ-xíng), to which the Turks have also ascribed since ancient times, the color blue is a symbol representing the eastern direction, and it is associated with good omens. The Guardian Deity of the Eastern Direction is the Blue Dragon. Thus, it would not be surprising if the Gokturks had chosen to call themselves "Blue Turks" in the primary sense of "East Turks," with all the associated connotations of "first," "rising," "dawning," "auspicious," and so forth.

Origins

Two hundred years after the collapse of Hun (Xiongnu) power in Asia, leadership of the Turks was taken over by the Gokturks. The Gokturks inherited the Huns traditions and administrative experience. From 552 to 745, Gokturkish leadership bound together the nomadic Turkic tribes into an empire, which finally fell due to internal conflicts over transfer of power. The great difference between the Gokturk Khanate and its Hunnish predecessor was that the Gokturks' temporary Khans (lords) were subordinate to a sovereign authority that was left in the hands of a council of tribal chiefs. The Gokturks were the first turkic people to write their language in a runic script. See Orkhon script. The Khanate received missionaries from the Buddhists, Manicheans, and Nestorian Christians, but retained their original shamanistic religon, Tengriism. Many historians consider the Huns (meaning person in Mongolian language) the first Mongolian and Turkic people mentioned in European history. ... A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... Asia is the largest and most populous region or continent depending on the definition. ... Events July - Battle of Taginae: The Byzantine general Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. ... Events Births November 10 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... Khan (sometimes spelled as xan, han, Polish chan) is a title with many meanings, originally commander, leader or ruler, in Mongolian and Turkish. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (legislative, judicial and/or executive) authority over a geographic region, group of people or oneself. ... The Turkic language spoken by the Gokturks and used on the Orkhon inscriptions. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Orkhon script The Orkhon script is the earliest known Turkic alphabet. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Manichaeism was one of the major ancient religions. ... The term Nestorianism is eponymous, even though the person who lent his name to it always denied the associated belief. ... A shaman doctor of Kyzyl. ... Tengriism was the ancient, on shamanism based belief of all turkic speaking peoples and mongols before the vast majority joined into known world religions. ...

Map of the Western (purple) and Eastern (blue) Gokturk khaganates at their height, ca. 600 CE. Lighter areas show direct rule; darker areas show spheres of influence.

Image File history File links Map of the Western (purple) and Eastern (blue) Gokturk khaganates at their height, c. ... Image File history File links Map of the Western (purple) and Eastern (blue) Gokturk khaganates at their height, c. ... Khagan, alternatively spelled Chagan, Qaqan etc. ... For other uses, see number 600. ...

First Unified Empire

The Turks' rise to power began in 546 when Tumen made a pre-emptive strike against the Tiele tribes who were planning a revolt against their overlords the Rouran. For this service he expected to be rewared with a Rouran princess, i.e. marry into the royal family. But there was to be no princess. Enraged, Tumem allied with the Wei state against their common enemy Rouran. In 552, Tuman defeated the last Rouran Khan, A-na-kuei. He was formally recognized by China, and married the Wei princess Changle. Thus proving himself both in battle and diplomacy he declared himself Il-Qaghan (great king of kings) of the new GokTurk empire at Otukan, the old Xiong-Nu capital. He died one year later, the Gokturk state was really built by his son Mukhan. Tuman's brother Istämi (d. 576) was titled yabghu of the west and collaborated with the Persian Sassanids to defeat and destroy the White Huns allies of the Rouran. This war drove the Avars into Europe. Istami initiated diplomatic contact with the Byzantine empire and together they built an alliance against the Persians. Both rival states in north China paid large tributes to the Gokturks from 581. The Dingling/Gaoche/Chile/Tiele (丁零/高車/æ••å‹’/铁勒) peoples were an ancient Siberian people. ... Events July - Battle of Taginae: The Byzantine general Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. ... Juan Juan (wg), RuÇŽnruÇŽn (è •è • lit. ... Xiongnu (匈奴; meaning Xiongs slaves, Xiong being a Chinese transliteration of a national name but also meaning savage/raucous/ferocious, however some argued that the two words are both transliteration, in this case the sense of slaves does not exist) was the term given by the Chinese to nomadic... Istämi Yabgu was the Western govenor of the Celestial Turkic Empire (Göktürk Qaghanate). ... Events Births Deaths Categories: 576 ... Motto: Persian: Esteqlāl, āzādÄ«, jomhÅ«rÄ«-ye eslāmÄ« (English: Independence, freedom, (the) Islamic Republic) Anthem: SorÅ«d-e MellÄ«-e Īrān Capital Tehran Largest city Tehran Official language(s) Persian Government Supreme Leader President Islamic republic Ali Khamenei Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Revolution Declared Overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... The Hephthalites, also known as White Huns, were a nomadic people who lived across northern China, Central Asia, and northern India in the fourth through sixth centuries. ... The Eurasian Avars were a nomadic people of Eurasia, supposedly of proto-Mongolian Turkic stock, who migrated from eastern Asia into central and eastern Europe in the 6th century. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to some dispute as to Europes actual borders. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Events The Sui Dynasty replaces the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the last of the Northern Dynasties in China. ...

Civil War

This first Gokturkish empire split in two after the death of the fourth Qaghan, Taspar Khan (ca. 584). He had willed the title Qaghan to Mukhan's son Talopien, but the high council appointed Ishbara. Factions formed around both leaders. Soon, four rival khans claimed the title Qaghan. They were successfully played off against each other by Sui and Tang Dynasty China. The most serious contender was the Western Khan, Istämi's son Tardu, a violent and ambitious man who had already declared himself independent of the Qaghan after his father's death. He now titled himself as Qaghan (Khagan) the supreme ruler, and lead an army to the east to claim otukan. Ishbara, Khan of the Eastern Khanate fearing defeat became formally subordinate to the Chinese Emperor Yangdi for protection. Tardu attacked Changan the Sui capital around 600 as a warning to Emperor Yangdi to end his interference in the civil war. However, Chinese diplomacy incited a revolt of Tardu's Tiele vassal tribes, and Tardu's reign was cut short in 603. Among the dissident tribes were the Uyghur and Syr-Tardush. Events The Visigoths conquer the Suevi kingdom in Spain. ... The Sui Dynasty (Chinese: 隋朝; Hanyu Pinyin: 581-618) followed the Southern and Northern Dynasties and preceded the Tang Dynasty in China. ... For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ... For the town in the Guangdong province of China, see Changan Town Changan (Simplified Chinese: 长安; Traditional Chinese: 長安; pinyin: Chángān; Wade_Giles: Chang_an) is the ancient capital of more than 10 dynasties in China. ... For other uses, see number 600. ... The Dingling/Gaoche/Chile/Tiele (丁零/高車/æ••å‹’/铁勒) peoples were an ancient Siberian people. ... A vassal or liege, in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of medieval Europe, is one who enters into mutual obligations with a lord, usually of military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain guarantees, which came to include the terrain held as a fief. ... Events Battle of Degsastan: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Aedan of Dalriada. ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Turkish: Uygur; Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Hanyu Pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China, mainly in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group, together with Han Chinese, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Turks, and Russians. ...

Dual Empires

The civil war left the empire divided into an east and west. The east retained the name Gokturk as vassals of the Sui Empire, and the newly independent west was called Onoq (ten arrows). Khan Hsien of the East attacked China at its weakest moment during the transition between Sui and tang dynasties. He was brought down by a revolt of his Tiele vassal tribes (626-630), allied with Emperor Taizong of Tang. This tribal alliance is recored as the Huihe (Uyghur). The Khan was taken prisoner and his empire divided into independent states. The Western Khan Tung Sche-hu was murdered in 630 by Perisan diplomacy, despite strong support by the Byzantine Empire against the Persians. The Onoq were dived into east and wet factions called Tulu and Nushipi respectively. By 659 the Tang Emperor of China could claim to rule the entire Silk Road as far as Po-sse (Persia). The Turks now carried Chinese titles and fought by their side in their wars. The Xian drum tower Xian (Chinese: 西安; pinyin: Xīān; Wade-Giles: Hsi-An; literal meaning: Western Peace) is the capital of Shaanxi province, in China and a sub-provincial city. ... The Dingling/Gaoche/Chile/Tiele (丁零/高車/æ••å‹’/铁勒) peoples were an ancient Siberian people. ... Events July 2 - In the early morning, Li Shimin, the future Emperor Tang Taizong of China, eliminated two of his brothers, Li Yuanji and the crown prince Li Jiancheng in a coup détat at the Xuanwu Gate in Changan. ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... Emperor Taizong of Tang China (January 23, 599–July 10, 649), born Li Shimin (李世民), was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China from 626 to 649. ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ), is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Events Ealdormen in Mercia proclaim Wulfhere king, and throw off Northumbrian rule. ... For other uses, see Silk Road (disambiguation). ...

Inter-Imperial Era

630-682 AD This era was charecterized by numerous independent rulers weak divided and engaged in constant petty wars. In the east the Uyghurs defeated their one time allies the Tardush, In the west the Turgish emerged as successors to the Onoq.

Second Empire

Nonetheless, Ilteriş Şad (Idat) and his brother Bäkçor Qapağan Khan (Mo-ch'o) managed to refound the Khanate which in a series of wars from 681 onward gained control of the steppes beyond the Great Wall of China, extending by 705 to threaten Arab control of Transoxiana. Their power centered at the Changai Mountains (then: Ötükän). The son of Ilteriş, Bilge, was also a strong leader, but at his death in 734, the empire declined. They ultimately fell to a series of internal crises and renewed Chinese campaigns. After Kutluk (Ko-lo) Khan's military victory in 744, the successors to the Gokturks became their more China-friendly junior partners, known as the Uyghurs. The founder of the second Göktürk Empire (reigning 680 - 691/692). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... // Events August 9 - The Bulgars win the war with the Byzantine Empire; the latter signs a peace treaty, which is considered as the birth-date of Bulgaria Wilfrid of York is expelled from Northumbria by Ecgfrith and retires into Sussex Births Deaths January 10 - Pope Agatho Ebroin, Mayor of the... A steppe in Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, a steppe (Russian степь or step and pronounced in English as step) is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by... Location of the Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China (Simplified Chinese: 万里长城; Traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; Pinyin: ; literally 10,000 Li¹ long wall) is a Chinese fortification built from 3rd century BC until the beginning of the 17th century, in order to protect the various dynasties from raids by Mongol... Alternate meaning: Area code 705 Events End of the short-lived Zhou Dynasty in China Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik succeeded by al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik. ... The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are a large and heterogeneous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, originating in the Arabian Peninsula of southwest Asia. ... Map showing modern Transoxiana. ... Bilge Khan (Arslan Bilgä Khağan Bengü Taşı; 683 or 684 - 734) was one of the most influential emperors of the Gokturk Empire. ... Events Births Deaths Bilge Khan, Gokturk emperor Categories: 734 ... Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Turkish: Uygur; Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Hanyu Pinyin: ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China, mainly in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, where they are the largest ethnic group, together with Han Chinese, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Turks, and Russians. ...

Rulers (Qağan or Kağan)

First Gokturk Empire:

• Ashina Tuwu
  • Yili Qaghan / Ashina Tumen 552 - 553 elder son of Tuwu
    • Yixiji Qaghan / Ashina Keluo 553 - 554 son of Tumen
      • Shabolue Qaghan / Ashina Shetu 581 - 587 son of Kelou
        • Xiegashiduona Dulan / Ashina Chuluohou 588 - 599 son of Shetu
          • Tuli Qaghan or Qimin Qaghan / Ashina Rangan 599 - 609 son of Chuluohou
            • Shibi Qaghan / Ashina Duoji 609 - 619 son of Rangan
            • Chuluo Qaghan / Ashina Qilifu 619- 621 younger brother of Duoji
            • Xieli Qaghan / Ashina Duobi 621 - 630 third son of Rangan
      • Yehu Qaghan or Mohe Qaghan / Ashina Yongyulu 587 - 588 brother of Shetu
    • Mugan Qaghan / Ashina Qijin 554 - 572 younger brother of Kelou
    • Tuobo Qaghan / Unknown name 572 - 581 younger brother of Qijin
      • Unknown title / Ashina Anluo 581 son of Tuobo Qaghan

Bumin Khan (death: 552 AD) was the founder of the Kokturk state. ... Events July - Battle of Taginae: The Byzantine general Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. ... Events The Ostrogoth Kingdom is conquered by the Byzantines after the Battle of Mons Lactarius. ... Kelo Qaghan (Kara, Irksi, Ilci, Isichi, Yixiji, Kelo, Kök Khan, Kolo 科羅) the eldest son of Bumen and second Qaghan of the Gokturk empire. ... Events The Ostrogoth Kingdom is conquered by the Byzantines after the Battle of Mons Lactarius. ... Events The Byzantine general Narses reconquers all of Italy. ... Ishbara (Ïshbara, Shapolo, Shaboüle, Efu-Khan, Shetu-Khan, 沙鉢略可汗) was the first son of Kara Khan, grandson of Tumen Il-Qaghan, and the fifth Qaghan of the Gokturk Empire. ... Events The Sui Dynasty replaces the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the last of the Northern Dynasties in China. ... Events End of the Nan Liang Dynasty in China. ... Young-Yulu (Tunga-Turan, Tulan-Khan, 都蘭可汗, 雍虞閭) The son of Ishbara and the seventh qaghan of the gokturk empire. ... Events The Lombards are converted to Catholic Christianity. ... Events The Chinese win the war at Ordos. ... Tuli (Jan-Khan, Kimin-Ture, Chimin-Qaghan, Qiren-Khan, Qimin-Qaghan, Rangan. ... Events The Chinese win the war at Ordos. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... Tujieli (Tuochich, shipi, ship-qaghan, 始畢可汗, Duojishi, 咄吉世) suceeded Kimen qaghan as the ninth qaghan of the gokturk empire. ... Events The Pantheon is consecrated to the Virgin Mary and all saints (or 610). ... This article is about the year 619; for the number, see 619 (number). ... Ilteber (Chuluk, Chulu-Qaghan, 處羅侯) tenth qaghan of the gokturk empire brother of Tujieli. ... This article is about the year 619; for the number, see 619 (number). ... Events Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Persia Muhammad visits heaven, in the Isra wal-Miraj Suinthila succeeds Sisebut as king of the Visigoths. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Persia Muhammad visits heaven, in the Isra wal-Miraj Suinthila succeeds Sisebut as king of the Visigoths. ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... Chulo-Hou (Chur-Baga, Muho-Khan, Baga-Qaghan) The brother of Ishbara, son of Kelo-Qaghan, grandson of Tumen Il-Qaghan. ... Events End of the Nan Liang Dynasty in China. ... Events The Lombards are converted to Catholic Christianity. ... Muhan, (Mohan, Mukan, Mukhan, Mokhan, Sijin, Muchu Qaghan, Bek Khan, 木杆) was the second son of Bumen and the third Qaghan. ... Events The Byzantine general Narses reconquers all of Italy. ... Events Emperor Bidatsu ascends the throne of Japan. ... Taspar Qağan also called: Tabo, Tuobo, Tapo Khan, Taspar Khan, 佗鉢. The third son of Bumen (Il-Qağan) and Wei Changle, and the fourth Qağan of the Gokturk Qağanate. ... Events Emperor Bidatsu ascends the throne of Japan. ... Events The Sui Dynasty replaces the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the last of the Northern Dynasties in China. ... Events The Sui Dynasty replaces the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the last of the Northern Dynasties in China. ...

Rival Qağans of Ishbara

• Rudan Buli Khan 580s
• Talopien Apa Khan 580s
• Tardu Datou Khan 599 - 603

Centuries: 5th century - 6th century - 7th century Decades: 530s - 540s - 550s - 560s - 570s - 580s - 590s - 600s - 610s - 620s - 630s Years: 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 Events and Trends The Sui Dynasty unites China for the first time since the fall of the Western Jin... Talopien (Dalobien, Apo-Qaghan, Apa, Ahbo, Daluobian, 大邏便, 阿波可汗) son of Mukhan, decalred himself Qaghan of gokturk empire, in defience of the council, his claim of power came from the will of his predessor Taspar, The stuggle between Ishbara and Talopien, was the stuggle betweent he executive and legislative factions of the... Centuries: 5th century - 6th century - 7th century Decades: 530s - 540s - 550s - 560s - 570s - 580s - 590s - 600s - 610s - 620s - 630s Years: 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 Events and Trends The Sui Dynasty unites China for the first time since the fall of the Western Jin... Events The Chinese win the war at Ordos. ... Events Battle of Degsastan: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Aedan of Dalriada. ...

Western Qaghans

• Ashina Tuwu
  • Istämi Yabghu 553 - 573 (defacto qağan in west) second son of Tuwu
  • Tardu Datou Khan 599 - 603
  • Nili Khan 603 and Chulo 603-611
  • Shekuei 611-618
  • Tung Yabğu 618-630
  • Yiwu Khan 630
  • Simo Khan 641-644
  • Chebi Khan 644-649
  • Baz Khan (chief of the Oghuz, self-proclaimed Gokturk) -682
  • Muchuo Khan 681 (or 682) -712

Istämi Yabgu was the Western govenor of the Celestial Turkic Empire (Göktürk Qaghanate). ... Events The Ostrogoth Kingdom is conquered by the Byzantines after the Battle of Mons Lactarius. ... Events A young monk is ordained. ... Events The Chinese win the war at Ordos. ... Events Battle of Degsastan: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Aedan of Dalriada. ... Events Battle of Degsastan: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Aedan of Dalriada. ... Events Battle of Degsastan: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats Aedan of Dalriada. ... Alternate meaning: phone number 6-1-1 Events Kalakmul defeats Palenque Cynegils becomes King of Wessex Births Deaths Ceolwulf of Wessex Categories: 611 ... Alternate meaning: phone number 6-1-1 Events Kalakmul defeats Palenque Cynegils becomes King of Wessex Births Deaths Ceolwulf of Wessex Categories: 611 ... Events End of the Sui Dynasty and beginning of the Tang Dynasty in China. ... Events End of the Sui Dynasty and beginning of the Tang Dynasty in China. ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... Events Muhammad captures Mecca (January). ... Events Founding of the city of Fostat, later Cairo, in Egypt. ... Events Births Deaths Paulinus of York, bishop of Northumbria November: Omar, Second caliph of Islam by assassination. ... For all Turkic groupings and Turkic history, see Turkic peoples. ... // Events Leo II elected pope. ... // Events August 9 - The Bulgars win the war with the Byzantine Empire; the latter signs a peace treaty, which is considered as the birth-date of Bulgaria Wilfrid of York is expelled from Northumbria by Ecgfrith and retires into Sussex Births Deaths January 10 - Pope Agatho Ebroin, Mayor of the... // Events Leo II elected pope. ... Events Ansprand succeeds Aripert as king of the Lombards. ...

Second Gokturk Empire

• Ilteris Sad (Idat) 680 - 691 (or 692)
• Qapagan Khan (Mo-ch'o) 691 - 716 (murdered)
• Inäl Khan 716
• Bilgä Khan 716 - 734 (murdered)
• Kul Tigin Khan 716 - 731 (co-ruler with Bilge)
• Yollug Khan 735-
• Icen Khan -744
• Etimis Khan 744-747 (in exile)

The founder of the second Göktürk Empire (reigning 680 - 691/692). ... Events October 10 - Battle of Kerbela November 12 - The Sixth Ecumenical Council opens in Constantinople The Bulgars subjugate the country of current-day Bulgaria Pippin of Herstal becomes Mayor of the Palace Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I succeeded by Yazid I ibn Muawiyah Erwig deposes Wamba to become king of the... Events The building of the Dome of the Rock is completed People Theuderic III succeeded by Clovis III Wilfrid, Bishop of Northumbria, expelled to Mercia See also Unterseeboot 691 Categories: 691 ... Events The Quinisext Council (also said in Trullo), held in Constantinople, laid the foundation for the Orthodox Canon Law The Arabs conquer Armenia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Events The building of the Dome of the Rock is completed People Theuderic III succeeded by Clovis III Wilfrid, Bishop of Northumbria, expelled to Mercia See also Unterseeboot 691 Categories: 691 ... Events April 19 - The monastery on the Island of Iona celebrates Easter on the Roman date. ... Events April 19 - The monastery on the Island of Iona celebrates Easter on the Roman date. ... Bilge Khan (Arslan Bilgä Khağan Bengü Taşı; 683 or 684 - 734) was one of the most influential emperors of the Gokturk Empire. ... Events April 19 - The monastery on the Island of Iona celebrates Easter on the Roman date. ... Events Births Deaths Bilge Khan, Gokturk emperor Categories: 734 ... Kul Tigin (Kül (Köl, Gül, Göl) Tigin Khan Bengü İnançu Apa Tarkan Taşı) (685 - 731 or 732 AD) was a Turkic leader. ... Events April 19 - The monastery on the Island of Iona celebrates Easter on the Roman date. ... Events Bede completes his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum February 11 - Pope Gregory III succeeds Gregory II Deaths February 11 - Pope Gregory II See also Unit 731 Categories: 731 ... Events Abkhazia becomes independent, and will remain such until the 15th century Births Alcuin, missionary and bishop (approximate date) Deaths May 25 - Bede, English Historian and monk Categories: 735 ... Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... Events Abu Muslim unites the Abbasid Empire against the Umayyads. ...

See also

• Orkhon script
• Ethnic groups in Chinese history
• Khazars

Orkhon script The Orkhon script is the earliest known Turkic alphabet. ... Any non clear-cut connection is denoted by a question mark (?) beside the equivalences. ... The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ...

External links

• The Gok-Turks Khans
• A German-language site