Golda Meir גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר جولدا مائير
4th Prime Minister of Israel
In office March 17, 1969 – June 3, 1974
Preceded by	Levi Eshkol
Succeeded by	Yitzhak Rabin
2nd Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel
In office 1956 – 1966
Preceded by	Moshe Sharett
Succeeded by	Abba Eban
Born	May 3, 1898(1898-05-03) Kiev Ukraine
Died	December 8, 1978 (aged 80) Jerusalem, Israel
Political party	Mapai, Alignment

Golda Meir (Hebrew: גולדה מאיר‎, Arabic: جولدا مائير‎, born Golda Mabovitch, May 3, 1898 - December 8, 1978, known as Golda Myerson from 1917-1956) was the fourth prime minister, and a founder, of the State of Israel. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 455 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1822 × 2400 pixel, file size: 495 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Yom Kippur War... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... â–¶(?) (Hebrew לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל ) (Born Levi Skolnick) (Hebrew לֵוִי שְׁקוֹלְנִיק) (October 25, 1895 - February 26, 1969), was the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death of a heart attack in 1969. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Foreign Affair Ministers of Israel, 1948-present Moshe Sharett 1948-1956 Golda Meir 1956-1966 Abba Eban 1966-1974 Yigal Allon 1974-1977 Moshe Dayan 1977-1979 Menachem Begin 1979-1980 Yitzhak Shamir 1980-1986 Shimon Peres 1986-1988 Moshe Arens 1988-1990 David Levy 1990-1992 Shimon Peres 1992... Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ... Abba Eban (אבא אבן) (February 2, 1915 – November 17, 2002) was an Israeli diplomat and politician. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Labour (העבודה HaAvoda) is an Israeli political party. ... The Alignment (Hebrew: המערך, HaMaarakh), originally called the Labour Alignment (Hebrew: המערך העבודה, HaMaarakh HaAvoda) was the dominant left-wing political party in Israel from its founding in 1965 until its transformation into the Labour Party in 1992. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... Arabic redirects here. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

After serving as the Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister, Golda Meir became Prime Minister of Israel on March 17, 1969. She was described as the "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics years before the epithet became associated with British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher.^[1] David Ben-Gurion used to call her "the only man in the Cabinet." Meir was Israel's first woman prime minister and the third woman in the world to hold this office, but the first to do so without a family member having been head of state or government.^[2] The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Iron Lady is a nickname that has frequently been used to describe female heads of government around the world. ... Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first and only woman to hold either post. ... Ben Gurion redirects here. ... The Cabinet of Israel is a formal body comprised of government officials chosen and led by a Prime Minister. ...

Early life

Meir was born as Golda Mabovitch (Ukrainian: Голда Мабович) in Kiev in the Russian Empire (today Ukraine), to Blume Naidtich and Moshe Mabovitch, a carpenter. Golda wrote in her autobiography that her earliest memories were of her father boarding up the front door in response to rumors of an imminent pogrom. She had two sisters, Sheyna and Tzipke. Five other siblings died in childhood. Golda was especially close to Sheyna. Moshe Mabovitch left for the United States in 1903 and the family followed in 1906.^[3] Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centres. ...

Emigration to the United States

The family settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where her father found a job as a carpenter and her mother ran a grocery store. At the age of eight, she was already put in charge of watching the store when her mother went to the market for supplies. For other places with the same name, see Milwaukee (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Golda attended the Fourth Street School (now Golda Meir School) across from the Schlitz Brewing Complex from 1906 to 1912. A leader early on, Golda organized a fundraiser to pay for her classmates' textbooks. After forming the American Young Sisters Society, she rented a hall and scheduled a public meeting for the event. When she began school, she did not know English, but she graduated as valedictorian of her class. Golda Meir School The Golda Meir School (originally Fourth Street School) for gifted and talented students is a Milwaukee Public Schools district elementary school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ... A Schlitz advertisement from 1953 The Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company was an American brewery based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ... In the United States and Canada, the title of valedictorian (an anglicized derivation from the Latin vale dicere, to say farewell) is given to the top graduate of the graduating class (the Australia/New Zealand equivalent being dux, although some Australian universities use the American term) of an educational institution. ...

Golda in Milwaukee, 1914

At 14, she went to North Division High School and worked part-time. Her mother wanted her to leave school and marry, but she rebelled. She bought a train ticket to Denver, Colorado, and went to live with her married sister, Sheyna Korngold. The Korngolds held intellectual evenings at their home where Meir was exposed to debates on Zionism, literature, women's suffrage, trade unionism and more. In her autobiography, she wrote: "To the extent that my own future convictions were shaped and given form...those talk-filled nights in Denver played a considerable role." In Denver, she also met Morris Meyerson, a sign painter, whom she later married at the age of 19.^[4] Image File history File links 1914_Golda_in_Milwaukee. ... Image File history File links 1914_Golda_in_Milwaukee. ... Nickname: Location of Denver in the State of Colorado Location of Colorado in the United States Coordinates: , Country United States State State of Colorado City and County Denver[1] Founded 1858-11-22, as Denver City, K.T.[2] Incorporated 1861-11-07, as Denver City, C.T.[3] Consolidated...

In 1913, Golda returned to her high school in Milwaukee, graduating in 1915. While there, she became an active member of Young Poalei Zion, which later became Habonim, the Labor Zionist youth movement.. She spoke at public meetings, embraced Socialist Zionism and hosted visitors from Palestine. HaAvoda party logo Labour or Labor, (העבודה HaAvoda) is an Israeli political party. ... Habonim is a Zionist-Socialist youth organization founded in London in 1929. ... Labor Zionism (or Labour Zionism) is the traditional left-wing of the Zionist ideology. ... A youth movement is any attempt to organize individual young people into a unified identity. ... Labor Zionism (or Labour Zionism) is the traditional left-wing of the Zionist ideology. ... A 2003 satellite image of the region. ...

After graduating from the Milwaukee State Normal School (a predecessor of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), she taught in public schools. She formally joined the Labour Zionist Organization in 1915. Wisconsin State College of Milwaukee was one of the predecessor institutions of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. ... The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (also known as UW-Milwaukee, UWM or Milwaukee) is a public research university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ...

Golda and Morris married in 1917 and began planning to make aliyah (immigration to the Land of Israel, then a part of the Ottoman Empire). They made the move to Palestine in 1921, together with Golda's sister Sheyna. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Satellite image of the Land of Israel in January 2003. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320...

Aliyah to Palestine

Golda Meir in the fields at Kibbutz Merhavia

In Palestine, the couple decided to join a kibbutz. Their first application, to Kibbutz Merhavia in the Jezreel Valley, was rejected, but this decision was later overturned. Golda's duties included picking almonds, planting trees, working in the chicken coops and running the kitchen. Recognizing her leadership abilities, the kibbutz chose her as its representative to the Histadrut, the General Federation of Labour. In 1924, Golda and her husband left the kibbutz life and lived briefly in Tel Aviv before settling in Jerusalem. There they had two children, a son Menachem (born 1924) and a daughter Sarah (born 1926). In 1928, Golda was elected secretary of Moetzet HaPoalot (Working Women's Council), which required her to spend two years (1932-34) as an emissary in the United States.^[5] The children went with her, but Morris stayed in Jerusalem. Morris and Golda grew apart but never divorced. Morris died in 1951. Image File history File links Golda_working_in_kibbutz_Merhavia1. ... Image File history File links Golda_working_in_kibbutz_Merhavia1. ... Kibbutz Merom Golan as seen from Bental mountain A Kibbutz (Hebrew: Translit. ... Jezreel Valley and Mount Tabor, Israel Jezreel Valley The Jezreel Valley ; ‎, Emek Yizrael, also known as the Plain of Esdraelon (Esdraelon is the Koine Greek rendering of Jezreel[1]), and as the Zirin Valley (Arabic: , Sahel Zirin), and as the Meadow of Amrs son (مرج بن عامر, Marj Ibn Amer), is... For other uses, see Almond (disambiguation). ... The Histadrut (Federation [of labor]) or HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim BEretz Yisrael (ההסתדרות הכללית של העובדים בארץ ישראל) (Hebrew: General Federation of Laborers in the Land of Israel) is the Israeli trade union congress. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...

Histadrut activities

In 1934, when Meir returned from the United States, she joined the Executive Committee of the Histadrut and moved up the ranks to become head of its Political Department. This appointment was important training for her future role in Israeli leadership.^[6]

Pre-state political role

In June 1946, the British cracked down on the Zionist movement in Palestine, arresting many leaders of the Yishuv. Meir took over as acting head of the Political Department of the Jewish Agency during the incarceration of Moshe Sharett. Thus she became the principal negotiator between the Jews in Palestine and the British Mandatory authorities. After his release, Sharett went to the United States to attend talks on the UN Partition Plan, leaving Meir to head the Political Department until the establishment of the state in 1948.^[7] Yishuv is a Hebrew word meaning settlement. ... The Jewish Agency for Israel also known as The Jewish Agency (or sochnut in Hebrew), was previously called the Jewish Agency for Palestine (during the British Mandate of Palestine) is an Israeli organisation that advocates for Israel and is composed mainly, but not entirely, of Jewish people. ... Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ... Map showing the UN Partition Plan. ...

On May 10, 1948, four days before the official establishment of the state, Meir traveled to Amman disguised as an Arab woman for a secret meeting with King Abdullah of TransJordan at which she urged him not to join the other Arab countries in attacking the Jews. Abdullah asked her not to hurry to proclaim a state. Golda, known for her acerbic wit, replied: "We've been waiting for 2,000 years. Is that hurrying?"^[8] For other meanings, see Amman (disambiguation) and Ammann. ... King Abdullah can refer to: Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, current king of Saudi Arabia Abdullah II, current king of Jordan Abdullah I, Emir of Transjordan (1921–1946) and King of Transjordan (1946–1949) This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ...

Ministerial positions

Ambassador Golda Meir presenting her credentials at the Kremlin, September 10, 1948

Meir was one of twenty-four signatories (two of them women) of the Israeli declaration of independence on May 14, 1948. She later recalled, "After I signed, I cried. When I studied American history as a schoolgirl and I read about those who signed the Declaration of Independence, I couldn't imagine these were real people doing something real. And there I was sitting down and signing a declaration of establishment." September 10, 1948. ... September 10, 1948. ... This article is about Russian citadels. ... David Ben Gurion (First Prime Minister of Israel) publicly pronouncing the Declaration of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Declaration of Independence was an act of the Second Continental Congress, adopted on July 4, 1776, which declared that the Thirteen Colonies in North America were Free and Independent States and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to...

Israel was attacked the next day by the joint armies of Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Iraq in the Israeli War of Independence. Armed with the first Israeli-issued passport,^[9][10] Golda was sent to the United States to raise money for the new state. Map of the territory of the British Mandate of Palestine The Emirate of Transjordan was an autonomous political division of the British Mandate of Palestine, created as an administrative entity in April 1921 before the Mandate came into effect. ... Combatants  Israel Haganah Irgun Lehi Palmach Foreign Volunteers Egypt, Syria, Transjordan,  Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen[2], Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin John Bagot Glubb, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji, Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi Strength  Israel: 29,677 initially...

Ambassador to Moscow

Upon returning from the United States, Meir was appointed Israel's first ambassador to the Soviet Union. During her brief stint there, which ended in 1949, she attended high holiday services at the synagogue in Moscow, where she was mobbed by thousands of Russian Jews chanting her name. Despite Stalin's repression of Jewish identity in the Soviet Union, the turnout showed that the Jewish community was still strong and united. The Israeli 10,000 shekel banknote issued in November 1984 bore a portrait of Golda on one side and the image of the crowd that turned out to cheer her in Moscow on the other^[11] For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... The vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest Jewish population in the world. ... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Silver half-shekel struck in the Greek colony of Taras, during the Punic occupation. ...

Jewish High Holidays in Moscow, 1948: Golda Meir in the crowd (est. 50,000) of Soviet Jews who gathered to meet her

Moscow, 1948. ... Moscow, 1948. ... This article refers to the Jewish holidays. ...

Labor minister

In 1949, Meir was elected to the Knesset as a member of Mapai and served continuously until 1974. From 1949 to 1956, she served as a Minister of Labor, introducing major housing and road construction projects.^[12] Type Unicameral Speaker of the Knesset Dalia Itzik, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Deputy Speaker Majalli Wahabi, Kadima since May 4, 2006 Members 120 Political groups Kadima Labour-Meimad Shas Likud Last elections March 28, 2006 Meeting place Knesset, Jerusalem, Israel Web site www. ... Labour (העבודה HaAvoda) is an Israeli political party. ...

Foreign minister

In 1956, she became Foreign Minister under Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. Her predecessor, Moshe Sharett, had asked all members of the foreign service to Hebraicize their last names. Upon her appointment as foreign minister, she shortened "Meyerson" to "Meir," which means "illuminate." Foreign Affair Ministers of Israel, 1948-present Moshe Sharett 1948-1956 Golda Meir 1956-1966 Abba Eban 1966-1974 Yigal Allon 1974-1977 Moshe Dayan 1977-1979 Menachem Begin 1979-1980 Yitzhak Shamir 1980-1986 Shimon Peres 1986-1988 Moshe Arens 1988-1990 David Levy 1990-1992 Shimon Peres 1992... Ben Gurion redirects here. ... Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ...

As foreign minister, Meir promoted ties with the newly-established states in Africa in an effort to gain allies in the international community.^[12] But she also believed that Israel had experience in nation-building that could be a model for the Africans. In her autobiography, she wrote: "Like them, we had shaken off foreign rule; like them, we had to learn for ourselves how to reclaim the land, how to increase the yields of our crops, how to irrigate, how to raise poultry, how to live together, and how to defend ourselves." Israel could be a role model because it "had been forced to find solutions to the kinds of problems that large, wealthy, powerful states had never encountered."^[13]

In the early 1960s, Meir was diagnosed with lymphoma. In January 1966, she retired from the Foreign Ministry, citing exhaustion and ill health, but soon returned to public life as secretary general of Mapai, supporting the prime minister, Levi Eshkol, in party conflicts.^[12] This article is about lymphoma in humans. ... ▶(?) (Hebrew לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל ) (Born Levi Skolnick) (Hebrew לֵוִי שְׁקוֹלְנִיק) (October 25, 1895 - February 26, 1969), was the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death of a heart attack in 1969. ...

Prime Ministership

After Levi Eshkol's sudden death on February 26, 1969, the party elected Meir as his successor.^[14] Meir came out of retirement to take office on March 17, 1969, serving as prime minister until 1974. Meir maintained the coalition government formed in 1967, after the Six Day War, in which Mapai merged with two other parties (Rafi and Ahdut HaAvoda) to form the Israel Labor party.^[12] is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... Rafi is a male name used among Muslims, Jews, and Hispanics. ...

In 1969 and the early 1970s, Meir met with many world leaders to promote her vision of peace in the Middle East, including Richard Nixon (1969), Nicolae Ceausescu (1972) and Pope Paul VI (1973). In 1973, she hosted the chancellor of West Germany, Willy Brandt in Israel.^[12] Nixon redirects here. ... For other people named Ceausescu or Ceauşescu, see Ceausescu (disambiguation). ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992), was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987. ...

In August 1970, Meir accepted a U.S. peace initiative that called for an end to the War of Attrition and an Israeli pledge to withdraw to "secure and recognized boundaries" in the framework of a comprehensive peace settlement. The Gahal party quit the national unity government in protest, but Meir continued to lead the remaining coalition.^[15] For other uses, see War of Attrition (disambiguation). ... Gahal (acronym for Gush Herut-Liberalim) is a right-wing Zionist party formed in 1965 by members of the Herut and Liberal parties. ...

Munich Olympics

Main article: Operation Wrath of God

In the wake of the Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, Meir appealed to the world to "save our citizens and condemn the unspeakable criminal acts committed."^[16] Outraged at the lack of global action, she authorized the Mossad to hunt down and assassinate the Black September and PFLP operatives who took part in the massacre^[17] The 1986 TV film Sword of Gideon, based on the book Vengeance: The True Story of an Israeli Counter-Terrorist Team by George Jonas, and Steven Spielberg's movie Munich (2005) were loosely based on these events. The operation was ordered in response to the massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. ... The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September, a group with ties to Yasser Arafat’s Fatah organization. ... The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ... For the Haganah branch responsible for coordinating Jewish immigration into the British Mandate of Palestine, see Mossad Lealiyah Bet. ... A Black September terrorist on a balcony in the Olympic Village in September 1972, during what became known as the Munich Massacre, in which 11 Israeli athletes were kidnapped and killed. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic Al-Jabhah al-Shabiyyah Li-Tahrir Filastin الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين) is a secular, Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian organization, founded after the Six-Day War in 1967. ... Sword of Gideon is a 1986 film about Mossad agents hunting down terrorists associated with the 1972 Munich Massacre in Operation Wrath of God. ... George Jonas (1935–) is a Hungarian-born conservative Canadian writer, poet and journalist, a self-described classical liberal. ... Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. ... Munich is a 2005 drama film starring Eric Bana. ...

Yom Kippur War

A sculpture of Golda Meir at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, California

In the days leading up to the Yom Kippur War, Israeli intelligence was not able to determine conclusively that an attack was imminent. Six hours before the outbreak of hostilities, Meir met with Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan and general David Elazar. While Dayan continued to argue that war was unlikely, Elazar advocated launching a pre-emptive strike on Syrian forces.^[18] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (575x778, 119 KB) Summary Photo-journalist waives all rights to self-made image under GFDL. Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (575x778, 119 KB) Summary Photo-journalist waives all rights to self-made image under GFDL. Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free... View from birthplace looking across gardens to Nixon Library Museum. ... Combatants  Israel  Egypt,  Syria,  Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul Munim... Moshe Dayan (‎, born 20 May 1915, died 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. ... David (Dado) Elazar (1925 - 1976), was the ninth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, serving in that capacity from 1972 to 1974. ...

Meir believed that Israel could not depend on European countries to supply Israel with military equipment and the only country that might come to Israel's assistance was the United States. Fearing that the U.S. would be wary of intervening if Israel were perceived as initiating the hostilities, Meir decided against a pre-emptive strike. Then-U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger later confirmed Meir's assessment by stating that if Israel had launched a pre-emptive strike, Israel would not have received "so much as a nail."^{[citation needed]} Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ...

Resignation

Following the Yom Kippur War, Meir's government was plagued by in-fighting and questions over Israel's lack of preparedness for the war. The Agranat Commission appointed to investigate the war cleared her of direct responsibility, and her party won the elections in December 1973, but she resigned on April 11, 1974, bowing to what she felt was the "will of the people."^[19] Yitzhak Rabin succeeded her on June 3, 1974. The Agranat Commission was an official Commission of Inquiry appointed by the Israeli government to investigate the circumstances leading to the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1975, Meir was awarded the Israel Prize for her special contribution to the State of Israel.^[20] The Israel Prize is the most prestigious award handed out by the State of Israel. ...

Death

On December 8, 1978, Golda Meir died of cancer in Jerusalem at the age of 80. She was buried on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem on December 12, 1978. is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Yitzhak and Leah Rabins grave. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Golda Meir's grave on Mt. Herzl

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 1065 KB) Other versions of this file File links The following pages link to this file: Golda Meir Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 1065 KB) Other versions of this file File links The following pages link to this file: Golda Meir Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ...

Portrayals in film and theater

Golda Meir's story has been the subject of many fictionalized portrayals over the years. In 1977, Anne Bancroft played Meir in William Gibson's Broadway play Golda. Ingrid Bergman and the Australian actress Judy Davis played Meir in the television film A Woman Called Golda (1982), opposite Leonard Nimoy. In 2003, the American Jewish actress Tovah Feldshuh portrayed her on Broadway in Golda's Balcony, Gibson's second play about Meir's life. The one-woman show was controversial in its implication that Meir considered using nuclear weapons during the Yom Kippur War. Valerie Harper portrayed her in the touring company and in the film version of Golda's Balcony.^{[citation needed]} In 2005, actress Lynn Cohen portrayed Meir in Steven Spielberg's film Munich. Anne Bancroft (September 17, 1931 – June 6, 2005) was an iconic Academy, Tony, and Emmy Award-winning American actress. ... William Gibson (1964) William Gibson (born 13 November 1914) is a Tony Award-winning American playwright. ... For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ...   (pronounced in Swedish, but usually IPA: in English) (August 29, 1915 – August 29, 1982) was a three-time Academy Award, two-time Emmy Award, one-time BAFTA, honorary César Award, four-time Golden Globe, two-time David di Donatello, two-time Silver Ribbon, one-time NSFC, two-time NBR... Judy Davis (born 23 April 1955) is an Academy Award-nominated and 3-time Emmy Award-winning Australian actress. ... A television movie (also known as a TV film, TV movie, TV-movie, feature-length drama, made-for-TV movie, movie of the week (MOTW or MOW), single drama, telemovie, telefilm, or two-hour-long drama) is a film that is produced for and originally distributed by a television network. ... A Woman Called Golda is a 1982 made-for-television film biopic of Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. ... Leonard Simon Nimoy (born March 26, 1931) is an American actor, film director, poet, musician and photographer. ... A Jewish American (also commonly American Jew) is an American (a citizen of the United States) of Jewish descent or religion who maintains a connection to the Jewish community, either through actively practicing Judaism or through cultural and historical affiliation. ... Tovah Feldshuh (born Terri Sue Feldshuh December 27, 1952) actress, singer, playwright. ... For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... Goldas Balcony is a play by William Gibson. ... Israel is widely believed to be the sixth country in the world to develop nuclear weapons[2] and to be one of four nuclear-armed countries not recognized as a Nuclear Weapons State by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the others being India, Pakistan and North Korea. ... Valerie Harper (born August 22, 1940 in Suffern, New York) is an Emmy Award-winning American actress, best known for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern-Gerard on the 1970s television show The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and its spinoff, Rhoda. ... Lynn Cohen is an American actress. ... Steven Allan Spielberg (born December 18, 1946)[1] is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. ... Munich is a 2005 drama film starring Eric Bana. ...

Quotes

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Golda Meir

• "The Muslims can fight and lose, then come back and fight again. But Israel can only lose once."
• "There were no such thing as Palestinians. When was there an independent Palestinian people with a Palestinian state? It was either southern Syria before the First World War, and then it was a Palestine including Jordan. It was not as though there was a Palestinian people in Palestine considering itself as a Palestinian people and we came and threw them out and took their country away from them. They did not exist." (Sunday Times, June 15, 1969)
• "[The Arabs] will stop fighting us when they love their children more than they hate [Jews]."

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ...

Commemoration

Memorial plaque in Kiev

• Golda Meir Center for Political Leadership at Metropolitan State College of Denver^[21]
• Golda Meir House, Denver, Colorado^[22][23]
• Golda Meir School, Milwaukee, Wisconsin^[24]
• Golda Meir Library
• Golda Meir Boulevard, Jerusalem, Israel
• Golda Meir Center for the Performing Arts, Tel Aviv

Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Golda Meir Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Golda Meir Library is a major library of the country located at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee(UWM). ...

Published Work

• This is Our Strength (1962) - Golda Meir's collected papers
• My Father's House (1972)
• Meir, Golda (1975). My Life. Putnam. ISBN 0-399-11669-9. 

G. P. Putnams Sons was a major United States book publisher based in New York City, New York. ...

See also

• Evian Conference

The Evian Conference was convened at the initiative of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in July, 1938 to discuss the problem of Jewish refugees. ...

References

BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (April 17, 1916 - October 10, 2000) was a politician from Sri Lanka. ... A young Indira Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi, during one of the latters fasts Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (19 November 1917 - October 31, 1984) She was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Random House is a publishing division of the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann based in New York City. ...

Biographies

• Agres, Elijahu (1969). Golda Meir: Portrait of a Prime Minister. Sabra Books. ISBN 0-87631-020-X. 
• Fallaci, Oriana (1976). Interview With History. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-25223-7. 
• Martin, Ralph G. (1988). Golda Meir: The Romantic Years. Ivy Books. ISBN 0-8041-0536-7. 
• Meir, Menahem (1983). My Mother Golda Meir: A Son's Evocation of Life With Golda Meir. Arbor House Pub. Co.. ISBN 0-87795-415-1. 
• Syrkin, Marie (1969). Golda Meir: Israel's Leader. Putnam. 
• Syrkin, Marie (1963). Golda Meir: Woman with a Cause. 

Oriana Fallaci Oriana Fallaci (born July 29, 1930) is an Italian journalist , author, and political interviewer. ... Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational publisher in the United States. ... G. P. Putnams Sons was a major United States book publisher based in New York City, New York. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Golda Meir

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Profiles

• http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Government/Memorial/PrimeMinisters/Golda.htm Prime Minister Golda Meir] — Israeli Prime Minister's Office
• Knesset Member, Golda Meir — Knesset profile
• Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Jewish Agency For Israel
• Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd edition
• Women's International Center

Photographs

• Picturing Golda Meir — Photographs from the Collection at the UWM Libraries

The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (also known as UW-Milwaukee, UWM or Milwaukee) is a public research university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ...

Documents

• Yom Kippur War: Selected Documents — Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Quotes

• Quotes by Golda Meir — Listing of various quotes by Golda Meir

v • d • e Prime Ministers of Israel

David Ben-Gurion (1948-53) · Moshe Sharett (1953-55) · David Ben-Gurion (1955-63) · Levi Eshkol (1963-69) · Yigal Allon (acting - 1969) · Golda Meir (1969-74) · Yitzhak Rabin (1974-77) · Shimon Peres (acting - 1977) · Menachem Begin (1977-83) · Yitzhak Shamir (1983-84) · Shimon Peres (1984-86) · Yitzhak Shamir (1986-92) · Yitzhak Rabin (1992-95) · Shimon Peres (1995-96) · Benjamin Netanyahu (1996-99) · Ehud Barak (1999-2001) · Ariel Sharon (2001-2006) · Ehud Olmert (2006-date)

v • d • e Foreign Affairs Ministers of Israel

Moshe Sharett (1948-56) · Golda Meir (1956-66) · Abba Eban (1966-74) · Yigal Allon (1974-77) · Moshe Dayan (1977-79) · Yitzhak Shamir (1980-86) · Shimon Peres (1986-88) · Moshe Arens (1988-90) · David Levy (1990-92) · Shimon Peres (1992-95) · Ehud Barak (1995-96) · David Levy (1996-98) · Ariel Sharon (1998-99) · David Levy (1999-2000) · Shlomo Ben-Ami (2000-01) · Shimon Peres (2001-02) · Benjamin Netanyahu (2002-03) · Silvan Shalom (2003-06) · Tzipi Livni (2006-date)

Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ... Foreign Affair Ministers of Israel, 1948-present Moshe Sharett 1948-1956 Golda Meir 1956-1966 Abba Eban 1966-1974 Yigal Allon 1974-1977 Moshe Dayan 1977-1979 Menachem Begin 1979-1980 Yitzhak Shamir 1980-1986 Shimon Peres 1986-1988 Moshe Arens 1988-1990 David Levy 1990-1992 Shimon Peres 1992... Abba Eban (אבא אבן) (February 2, 1915 – November 17, 2002) was an Israeli diplomat and politician. ... Yigal Allon (Hebrew: ; October 10, 1918- February 29, 1980) was an Israeli Labour Party statesman. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Yigal Allon (Hebrew: ; October 10, 1918- February 29, 1980) was an Israeli Labour Party statesman. ... The Alignment (Hebrew: המערך, HaMaarakh), originally called the Labour Alignment (Hebrew: המערך העבודה, HaMaarakh HaAvoda) was the dominant left-wing political party in Israel from its founding in 1965 until its transformation into the Labour Party in 1992. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Ben Gurion redirects here. ... Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ... Ben Gurion redirects here. ... â–¶(?) (Hebrew לֵוִי אֶשְׁכּוֹל ) (Born Levi Skolnick) (Hebrew לֵוִי שְׁקוֹלְנִיק) (October 25, 1895 - February 26, 1969), was the third Prime Minister of Israel from 1963 until his death of a heart attack in 1969. ... Yigal Allon (Hebrew: ; October 10, 1918- February 29, 1980) was an Israeli Labour Party statesman. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...   (‎, August 16, 1913 – March 9, 1992) was a Jewish-Polish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ...   (Hebrew יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...   (Hebrew יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...   (‎, Binyamin Bibi Netanyahu, born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel and is Chairman of the Likud Party. ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בָּרָק) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942) is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minster, and current Minister of Defense and leader of Israels Labor Party. ...   (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik אָרִיק) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew:אהוד אולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... Foreign Affair Ministers of Israel, 1948-present Moshe Sharett 1948-1956 Golda Meir 1956-1966 Abba Eban 1966-1974 Yigal Allon 1974-1977 Moshe Dayan 1977-1979 Menachem Begin 1979-1980 Yitzhak Shamir 1980-1986 Shimon Peres 1986-1988 Moshe Arens 1988-1990 David Levy 1990-1992 Shimon Peres 1992... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Moshe Sharett (Hebrew: משה שרת); born Moshe Shertok (Hebrew: משה שרתוק), (October 15, 1894 – July 7, 1965) was the second Prime Minister of Israel (1954-1955), serving for a little under two years between David Ben-Gurions two terms. ... Abba Eban (אבא אבן) (February 2, 1915 – November 17, 2002) was an Israeli diplomat and politician. ... Yigal Allon (Hebrew: ; October 10, 1918- February 29, 1980) was an Israeli Labour Party statesman. ... Moshe Dayan (‎, born 20 May 1915, died 16 October 1981) was an Israeli military leader and politician. ...   (Hebrew יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Moshe Arens Moshe Arens (born December 27, 1925 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is an Israeli politician. ... David Levy (also: David Levi) (born December 21, 1937) is an Israeli politician. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Ehud Barak (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בָּרָק) (born Ehud Brog on February 12, 1942) is an Israeli politician, former Prime Minster, and current Minister of Defense and leader of Israels Labor Party. ... David Levy (also: David Levi) (born December 21, 1937) is an Israeli politician. ...   (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik אָרִיק) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... David Levy (also: David Levi) (born December 21, 1937) is an Israeli politician. ... Shlomo Ben-Ami (born July 17, 1943) is an Israeli diplomat, politician and author. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...   (‎, Binyamin Bibi Netanyahu, born October 21, 1949, Tel Aviv) was the 9th Prime Minister of Israel and is Chairman of the Likud Party. ... Silvan Shalom Silvan Shalom â–¶(?) (Hebrew סילבן שלום) (born 1958) is an Israeli politician and current Foreign Minister of Israel, having been appointed in 2003 by the current Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. ... U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney meets with Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tzipi Livni, at the White House. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ...