Golden Rose of Minucchio da Siena (1330), given by Pope John XXII to Rudolph III of Nidau, Earl of Neuchâtel

The Golden Rose is a precious and sacred ornament made of pure gold by skilled artificers, which the popes of the Roman Catholic Church have been accustomed for centuries to bless each year; they occasionally conferred the extants specimen as a lasting token of reverence, esteem and paternal affection. Recipients have included illustrious churches and sanctuaries, Catholic kings or queens, princes or princesses, renowned generals or other distinguished personages and governments or cities conspicuous for their Catholic spirit and loyalty to the Holy See. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 300 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1300 × 2600 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 300 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1300 × 2600 pixel, file size: 1. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze or dEuse (1249 – December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... These pages contain the trends of millennia and centuries. ... A year is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. ... St. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term prince, from the Latin root princeps, is used for the member of the highest aristocracy. ... Princess is the feminine form of prince (from Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen). ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... The city of Chicago, as seen from the sky The main square of the Catalan city of Sabadell during a popular celebration. ...

Significance and symbology

The rose is blessed on the fourth Sunday of Lent, Lætare Sunday (hence also known as Rose Sunday), when rose-coloured vestments and draperies are substituted for the penitential purple, symbolizing hope and joy in the midst of Lenten solemnity. Throughout most of Lent, Catholics pray, fast, perform penance and meditate upon the malice of sin and the terrible punishment it brings; Rose Sunday is an opportunity to look beyond Christ's death at Calvary and see Christ, the redeemer, risen in the first rays of the Easter sun, and rejoice. The shining golden flower shows forth Christ's majesty, appropriate because prophets called him "the flower of the field and the lily of the valleys." Its fragrance, according to Pope Leo XIII "shows the sweet odor of Christ which should be widely diffused by His faithful followers" (Acta, vol. VI, 104), and the thorns and red tint refer to His Passion. See Isaiah 63:2: "Why then is thy apparel red, and thy garments like theirs that tread in the winepress?" Species Between 100 and 150, see list Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rosa A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. ... In Western Christianity, Lent is the forty-day period (or season) preceding Easter lasting from Ash Wednesday to Holy Saturday (Easter Even). ... Laetare Sunday (from the Latin verb laetare, meaning to be joyful) is a name formerly often used, and less commonly used today, to denote the fourth Sunday of the season of Lent in the Christian liturgical calendar. ... Rose Sunday is a name for the fourth Sunday of Lent, also known as Mothering Sunday, Mid-Lent Sunday, and Laetare Sunday. ... Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions, especially the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Anglican Churches. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Liturgical colours are colours of vestments and paraments within a Christian liturgy. ... Mary Magdalene in prayer. ... Fasting is the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food and/or drink, for a period of time. ... Penance (via Old French penance from the Latin Poenitentia, the same root as penitence, which in English means repentance, the desire to be forgiven, see contrition; in many languages only one single word is derived) is, strictly, repentance of sins as well as the actual name of the Catholic Sacrament... Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral rule or the state of having committed such a violation. ... Look up Punishment in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Calvary (Golgotha) is the English-language name given to the hill on which Jesus was crucified. ... Christ is the English translation of the Greek word (Christós), which literally means The Anointed One. ... Easter, also known as Pascha (Greek Πάσχα: Passover), the Feast of the Resurrection, the Sunday of the Resurrection, or Resurrection Day, is the most important religious feast of the Christian liturgical year, observed between late March and late April (early April to early May in Eastern Christianity). ... In religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has directly encountered the numinous and serves as an intermediary with humanity for the divine. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ... Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846–78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Thorn - a sharp structure or growth on plants Thorn - Icelandic letter, also used in Old English: Þ, þ Thorn - municipality in the Netherlands Thorn, California - town in the United States Thorn, Mississippi - town in the United States Thorn - German name for Toruń, city in Poland Thorn - racehorse that won the Kentucky... The Passion is the theological term used for the suffering, both physical and mental, of Jesus in the hours prior to and including his trial and execution by crucifixion. ... Yakima press. ...

Many papal diplomas and papal sermons when conferring it have explained the rose's mystical significance. Innocent III said: "As Lætare Sunday, the day set apart for the function, represents love after hate, joy after sorrow, and fullness after hunger, so does the rose designate by its colour, odour and taste, love, joy and satiety respectively." and compared the rose to the flower referred to in Isaiah 11:1: "There shall come forth a rod out of the root of Jesse, and a flower shall rise up out of his root." A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... Innocent III, né Lotario de Conti ( 1161–June 16, 1216), was Pope from January 8, 1198 until his death. ... Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection or profound oneness. ... Look up hate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up joy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up sorrow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ... Taste is one of the traditional five senses and refers to the ability to detect of flavor of foodstuffs and other substances (e. ... Isaiah the Prophet in Hebrew Scriptures was depicted on the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo. ...

History and development of the modern Rose

Workmanship

The blossom

Prior to the pontificate of Sixtus IV (1471-84) the Golden Rose consisted of a simple and single blossom made of pure gold and slightly tinted with red. Later, to embellish the ornament while still retaining the mystical symbolism, the gold was left untinted but rubies and afterwards many precious gems were placed in the heart of the rose or on its petals. Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 - August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484, essentially a Renaissance prince, the Sixtus of the Sistine Chapel where the team of artists he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance to Rome with a masterpiece. ... Ruby is a red gemstone. ... A selection of gemstone pebbles made by tumbling rough rock with abrasive grit, in a rotating drum. ...

Pope Sixtus IV substituted in place of the single rose a thorny branch with leaves and many (ten or more) roses, the largest of which sprang from the top of the branch with smaller roses clustering around it. In the center of the principal rose was a tiny cup with a perforated cover, into which the pope poured musk and balsam to bless the rose. The whole ornament was of pure gold. This 'Sixtine' design was maintained but varied as to decoration, size, weight and value. Originally it was little over six inches in height, and was easily carried in pope's left hand as he blessed the multitude with his right hand, when passing in procession from the church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (in Rome) to the Lateran Palace. Afterwards, especially when a vase and large pedestal became part of the ornament, a robust cleric was required to carry it, preceding the papal cross in the procession. The rose sent to Amelia of Brunswick, wife of Joseph I, afterwards emperor, by Innocent XI, weighed twenty pounds and was almost eighteen inches high. It was in bouquet form, with three twisting branches that came together after many windings at the top of the stem, supporting a large rose and cluster of leaves. Musk is the name originally given to a perfume obtained originally from the strong-smelling substance secreted by a gland in the abdomen of the male musk deer, and hence applied to other animals, and also to plants, possessing a similar odor. ... Balsam (pronounced balm) is a term used for various pleasantly scented plant products. ... Facade of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area    - City 1285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban... The Lateran Palace, sometimes more formally known as the Palace of the Lateran, is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later a Palace of the Popes. ... A cleric is a member of the clergy of a religion, especially one that has trained or ordained priests, preachers, or other religious professionals. ... The top of the Popes Cross, standing in the Phoenix Park. ... Joseph I. Joseph I (July 26, 1678 – April 17, 1711), Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, was the elder son of the emperor Leopold I and his third wife, Eleanora, Countess Palatine, daughter of Philip William of Neuburg, Elector Palatine. ... Innocent XI, né Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 - August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ...

Vase and pedestal

The vase and the pedestal supporting it have varied as to material, weight, and form. In the beginning they were made of gold; but afterward of silver heavily gilt with gold. The pedestal can be either triangular, quadrangular, or octangular, and is richly ornamented with various decorations and bas-reliefs. In addition to the customary inscription, the coat of arms of the pope who had the ornament made, and that of he who blessed and conferred it, are engraved on the pedestal. Bas relief is a method of sculpting which entails carving or etching away the surface of a flat piece of stone or metal. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...

Value of the ornament

The value of the rose varies according to the munificence of the pontiffs or the economical circumstances of the times. Father Baldassari, S.J. (De Rosa Mediana, p. 190) says that the rose conferred about the year 1650 cost five hundred dollars. The two roses sent by Pope Alexander VII were valued at eight and twelve hundred dollars respectively. Pope Clement IX sent the Queen of France one costing twelve hundred dollars, made of eight pounds of gold. The workmanship on this rose was exceedingly fine, for which the artificer received three hundred dollars. Innocent IX caused eight and one-half pounds of gold to be formed into a rose, which was further embellished with many sapphires, costing in all fourteen hundred dollars. In the 19th century not a few of the roses cost two thousand dollars and more. Alexander VII, né Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 – May 22, 1667) was Pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ... Clement IX, né Giulio Rospigliosi (January 28, 1600 - December 9, 1669) was pope from 1667 to 1669. ... Eugénie de Montijo, the last Empress of France Marie Antoinette, Queen of Louis XVI was beheaded during the French Revolution This is a list of the women who have been Queens consort or Empresses consort of the realm of France. ...

Origin

The custom of giving the rose supplanted the ancient practice of sending Catholic rulers the Golden Keys from St. Peter's Confessional, a custom introduced either by Pope Gregory II (716) or Pope Gregory III (740). A certain analogy exists between the rose and the keys: both are of pure gold blessed and bestowed by the pope upon illustrious Catholics, and also, both are somewhat reminiscent of a reliquary--the rose contains musk and balsam, the keys are filings from the Chair of St. Peter. Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716. ... Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... For the band Reliquary, click here. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005 The Pope (from Latin: papa, Papa, father; from Greek: pappas / , father)[1] is the Bishop of Rome and the head of the Roman Catholic Church. ...

The exact date of the institution of the rose is unknown. According to some it is anterior to Charlemagne (742-814), according to others it had its origin at the end of the 12th century, but it certainly antedates the year 1050, since Pope Leo IX (1051) speaks of the rose as of an ancient institution at his time. A portrait of Charlemagne by Albrecht Dürer that was painted several centuries after Charlemagnes death. ... Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 – April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ...

The custom, started when the popes moved to Avignon, of conferring the rose upon the most deserving prince at the papal court, continued after the papacy moved back to Rome. The prince would receive the rose from the pope in a solemn ceremony and be accompanied by the College of Cardinals from the papal palace to his residence. From the beginning of the seventeenth century, the rose was sent only to queens, princesses and eminent noblemen. Emperors, kings and princes were given a sword as a more suitable gift. However, if a deserving Catholic emperor, king or other great prince was present in Rome on Lætare Sunday, he would be presented with the rose. City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Département Vaucluse (préfecture) Arrondissement Avignon Canton Chief town of 4 cantons Intercommunality Communauté dagglomération du Grand Avignon Mayor Marie-Josée Roig... The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Queens Borough in New York City, in yellow Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. Geographically the largest borough in the city, Queens is home to many immigrants and two of New Yorks major airports. ... For other meanings, see Prince (disambiguation). ... Emperor is also a Norwegian black metal band; see Emperor (band). ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other meanings, see Prince (disambiguation). ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The office of carrying and conferring the rose upon those living outside of Rome was given by the pope to cardinal legates a latere, nuncios, inter-nuncios and Apostolic ablegates. In 1895 a new office, called "Bearer of the Golden Rose" or Keeper of the Golden Rose destined for Members of Royal Houses (not hereditary), was instituted, and assigned to a secret chamberlain of sword and cloak participante, a member of the Prefecture for the Pontifical Household, but it has ceased to exist. Nuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. ... Nuncio is an ecclesiastical diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin Nuntius, meaning any envoy. ... A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ... Golden Rose of Minucchio da Siena (1330), given by Pope John XXII to Rudolph III of Nidau, Earl of Neuchâtel The Golden Rose is a precious and sacred ornament made of pure gold by skilled artificers, which the popes of the Roman Catholic Church have been accustomed for centuries... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Blessing of the Rose

The earliest roses were not blessed; instead, blessing was introduced to render the ceremony more solemn and induce greater reverence for it on the part of the recipient. According to Cardinal Petra (Comment. in Constit. Apostolicas, III, 2, col. 1), Pope Innocent IV (1245-54) was the first to bless it. However, others claim that Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), Pope Alexander III (1159-81) or Pope Leo IX (1049-55) was the first. It is said that Leo IX, in 1051, obliged the monastery (nuns) of Bamberg in Franconia, to furnish a Golden Rose to be blessed and carried on Laetere Sunday each year (Theop. Raynaud, De rosa mediana a pontifice consecrata, IV, 413). Pope Benedict XIV attests that the ceremony of blessing originated at the end of the 14th or the beginning of the 15th century. Catalanus, papal master of ceremonies, believes that even the earliest roses were anointed with musk and balsam, but the blessing with prayers, incense, and holy water had its inception later on, sometime before pontificate of Pope Julius II (1503-13). Currently, the pope blesses the rose every year, but it is not always a new and different rose; the old one is used until it has been given away. Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 – Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ... Pope Innocent III (c. ... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 – April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ... Monastery of St. ... Bamberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. ... Franconia (German: Franken) is a historic region in modern Germany, which today forms three administrative regions of the German federal state of Bavaria: Lower Franconia (Unterfranken), Middle Franconia (Mittelfranken), and Upper Franconia (Oberfranken). ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 – May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... Giueseppe Catalani, also known as Catalano or Catalanus, was a Catholic Roman liturgist of the eighteenth century, member of the Oratory of San Girolamo della Carita (Hieronymite). ... Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ...

Originally (before the papacy moved to Avignon) the rose was blessed in the Hall of Vestments (sacristy) in the palace where the pope was; but the solemn Mass and the donation of the rose took place in the Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (a figure, according to Pope Innocent III, of the heavenly Jerusalem). The blessing was followed by a solemn Mass sung either by the pope himself or the first Cardinal Priest. In the former case the rose was placed on a veil of rose-colored silk richly embroidered with gold; in the latter the pope held the rose in his hand, except while kneeling, or during the Introit, Confiteor, Elevation and the singing of "Laudemus in Domino". Rose in hand, the pope returned processionally to the Lateran Palace; the Prefect of Rome led his horse by the bridle and aided him in dismounting. Upon arrival, he gave the rose to the Prefect, as a recompense for these acts of respect and homage. Prior to 1305, the rose was given in Rome to no foreigner, except the Emperor on the day of his coronation. While residing at Avignon (1305-1375), the popes, unable to visit Roman churches and basilicas, performed many of their sacred functions, among them the blessing of the rose, in the private chapel of their palace (whence the origin of the Cappella Pontificia). On their return to Rome they (Sixtus V excepted) retained this custom. A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments (such as the cassock and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and church treasures. ... A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments (such as the cassock and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels and church treasures. ... Unsolved problems in physics: What causes anything to have mass? The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. Mass is the property of a physical object that quantifies the amount of matter and energy it is equivalent to. ... Cardinal Priests are the most numerous of the three orders of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. ... The introit (Latin: introitus, entrance) is part of the opening of the celebration of the Mass. ... Mea Culpa is a Latin phrase that translates into English as my fault, or my own fault. In order to emphasize the message, the adjective maxima may be inserted, resulting in mea maxima culpa, which would translate as my most [grievous] fault. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... The Basilica of St. ... Sixtus V, né Felice Peretti (December 13, 1521 - August 27, 1590) was pope from 1585 to 1590. ...

The blessing of the rose now takes place in the Hall of Vestments (camera dei parimenti), and the solemn Mass in the papal chapel. The rose is placed on a table with lighted candles, and the pope, vested in alb and rose-colored stole and cope with precious mitre on his head, begins the ceremony with the usual versicles and the following poetical prayer: "O God! by Whose word and power all things have been created, by Whose will all things are directed, we humbly beseech Thy Majesty, Who art the joy and gladness of all the faithful, that Thou wouldst deign in Thy fatherly love to bless and sanctify this rose, most delightful in odour and appearance, which we this day carry in sign of spiritual joy, in order that the people consecrated by Thee and delivered from the yoke of Babylonian slavery through the favour of Thine only-begotten Son, Who is the glory and exultation of the people of Israel and of that Jerusalem which is our Heavenly mother, may with sincere hearts show forth their joy. Wherefore, O Lord, on this day, when the Church exults in Thy name and manifests her joy by this sign [the rose], confer upon us through her true and perfect joy and accepting her devotion of today; do Thou remit sin, strengthen faith, increase piety, protect her in Thy mercy, drive away all things adverse to her and make her ways safe and prosperous, so that Thy Church, as the fruit of good works, may unite in giving forth the perfume of the ointment of that flower sprung from the root of Jesse and which is the mystical flower of the field and lily of the valleys, and remain happy without end in eternal glory together with all the saints." This article is on the source of light. ... A deacon wearing an alb and cincture wth a purple stole. ... The stole (a liturgical vestment of various Christian denominations) is an embroidered band of cloth, formerly usually of silk, about two and one-half to three metres long and seven to ten centimetres wide, whose ends are usually broadened out. ... a priest wearing a cope The cope is a liturgical vestment, which may be of any liturgical colour, and is like a very long mantle or cloak, fastened at the breast by a clasp. ... A mitre. ... Part of the ceremony of the Changing of the Guard in Whitehall, London. ... Babylonia was an ancient state in Iraq), combining the territories of Sumer and Akkad. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yerushalayim) (Standard) Yerushalayim or Yerushalaim Arabic commonly القـُدْس (Al-Quds); officially in Israel أورشليم القدس (Urshalim-Al-Quds) Name Meaning Hebrew: (see below), Arabic: The Holiness Government City District Jerusalem Population 724,000 (2006) Jurisdiction 123,000 dunams (123 km²) Jerusalem (Hebrew:  , Yerushaláyim or Yerushalaim; Arabic:  , al-Quds, the Holiness)[2... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell. ... An ointment is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a variety of body surfaces. ... General definition of saint In general, the term Saint refers to someone who is exceptionally virtuous and holy. ...

The prayer finished, the pope puts incense (handed by the cardinal-deacon) into the censer and incenses the balsam and then the musk, and afterwards puts the balsam and powdered musk into the tiny cup in the heart of the principal rose. He then incenses the rose and sprinkles it with holy water. It is then given to the youngest cleric of the Camera, who carries it in front of the pope to the chapel, where it is placed on the altar at the foot of the cross upon a richly embroidered silk veil, where it remains during the Mass sung by the first cardinal-priest. After the Mass, the rose is carried in procession before the pope to the sacristy, where it is carefully put away in a place set apart for it, until bestowed upon some worthy personage. Incense is a preparation of aromatic plant matter, often with the addition of essential oils extracted from plant or animal sources, intended to release fragrant smoke for religious, therapeutic, or aesthetic purposes as it smolders. ... St. ...

Recipients

Among the principal churches to which the rose has been presented are St. Peter's (five roses), Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (four roses — according to some, two of the four were given to the basilica proper and two to the chapel called Sancta Sanctorum), Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (two roses), Santa Maria sopra Minerva (one rose), and Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi (one rose). It was also presented to the Archconfraternity of the Gonfalone. All these roses have been lost. This article is about the famous building in Rome. ... The late Baroque façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano was completed by Alessandro Galilei in 1735 after winning a competition for the design. ... The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is the largest church in Rome dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. ... Facade of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. ... SantAntonio del Portoghesi is a Baroque church in Rome designed by Martino Longhi il Giovani (1638), Carlo Rainaldi (1657), and finally by Cristoforo Schor (1697)- under the initial patronage of Cardinal Martinez Chiaves. ...

Among the many people who received the gift, the following are noteworthy:

• Falcone, Count of Angers, who received it from Urban II (1096);
• Alfonso VII, King of Castile (Eugene III; 1148);
• Louis VII of France (Alexander III; 1163);
• Louis I of Hungary (Clement VI; 1348);
• Joanna I, Queen of Naples (1368);
• Emperor Sigismund (Eugene IV; 1435);
• Henry VI of England (Eugene IV; 1444);
• Casimir IV, king of Poland (Nicholas V; 1448);
• Emperor Frederick III and his wife Empress Eleonora, who were crowned on Lætare Sunday (1452) and received the Golden Rose next day from Nicholas V;
• Charles VII, King of France (Callistus III; 1457);
• Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (Pope Sixtus IV; 1482)
• James III of Scotland (Innocent VIII; 1486);
• Isabella, Queen of Castile (Alexander VI; 1493);
• Alexander Jagiellon, King of Poland (Julius II; 1505);
• Manuel I of Portugal (Julius II; 1506);
• Frederick III, Elector of Saxony (Pope Leo X; 1518);
• Henry VIII of England, who received one from Pope Julius II, one from Leo X, and one from Clement VII in year 1524;
• Frederick, Duke of Mantua (Paul III; 1537), because of his kindness towards the Fathers of the Council of Trent;
• Mary I of England, daughter of Henry VIII (Paul IV; 1555);
• Henry of Anjou, King of France and Navarre (Clement VIII; 1592);
• Margarita of Austria, Queen of Spain, on the day she was married to Philip III by proxy in presence of Pope Clement VIII (1598);
• Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, at Amiens (Urban VIII; 1625);
• Maria Anna of Spain, Queen of Hungary (Urban VIII; 1630);
• Maria Theresa of Spain, Queen of France (1668), for her infant son, the Dauphin, for whom Pope Alexander VII was godfather;
• Elenora Maria Józefa, Queen of Poland (Clement X; 1672);
• Marie Casimire Louise, wife of John III Sobieski, King of Poland, Saviour of Vienna (Innocent XI; 1684);
• Wilhelmina Amalia, Empress (Innocent XII; 1699);
• Marie Louise of Savoy, Queen of Spain (Clement XI; 1701);
• Francesco Loredan, Doge of Venice (Clement XIII; 1759);
• Marie Christine of Austria, Archduchess of Austria (Pius VI; 1776);
• Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, widowed Queen of Sardinia (Leo XII; 1825);
• Maria Anna of Sardinia, Queen of Hungary, afterwards empress (Gregory XVI; 1832);
• Maria II, Queen of Portugal (Gregory XVI; 1842);
• Maria Pia of Savoy, Queen of Portugal, on the day of her baptism (Pius IX, her godfather, 1849);
• Isabella II of Spain (Pius IX; 1868);
• Maria Christina of Austria, Queen Regent of Spain (Leo XIII; 1886);
• Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (Leo XIII; 1889), (see Lei Áurea);
• Amélie of Orléans, Queen of Portugal (Leo XIII; 1892);
• Marie Henriette of Austria, Queen of the Belgians (Leo XIII; 1893; after her was also named a red climbing rose variety, still in culture).

In the second half of the twentyeth century, awards of the Golden Rose became very rare, and were all conferred upon places, mostly shrines. Pope Paul VI, for instance, made no grant of the Golden Rose during his pontificate, that lasted from 1963 until 1978. Pope John Paul II made three awards of the Golden Rose, each to a different shrine, during his 27 year pontificate. Thus, the conferral of the Golden Rose can be considered a great privilege. Falcone may mean: Aniello Falcone (1600s), painter Giovanni Falcone (1939-1992), Italian judge Achille Falcone, musician John Falcone, musician Pete Falcone, baseball player Carmine Falcone, a fictional mob boss in the Batman universe. ... Urban II, né Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 - July 29, 1099), pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099, was born into nobility in France at Lagery (near Châtillon-sur-Marne) and was church educated. ... Alfonso VII of Castile (March 1, 1104/5 _ August 21, 1157), nicknamed the Emperor, was the king of Castile and Leon since 1126, son of Urraca of Castile and Count Raymond (the third?) of Burgundy. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Louis VII the Younger (French: Louis VII le Jeune) (1120 – September 18, 1180) was King of France from 1137 to 1180. ... Alexander III, né Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Louis the Great. ... Clement VI, né Pierre Roger (1291 - December 6, 1352), pope (1342-1352), the fourth of the France, and he further evinced his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation to return to Rome, and by purchasing the sovereignty of Avignon from Joanna, queen of Naples, for 80,000 crowns. ... Queen Joan I (1327 – May 12, 1382) was born Joanna of Anjou. ... Naples panorama. ... Sigismund is a common name. ... Henry VI (December 6, 1421 – May 21, 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 (though with a Regent until 1437) and then from 1470 to 1471, and King of France from 1422 to 1453. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Reign From 1446 until June 7, 1492 Coronation On June 25, 1447 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Władyslaw II Jagiełło Zofia Holszańska Consorts Elżbieta Rakuszanka Children with Elżbieta Rakuszanka Władys&#322... Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini Introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454-1513) Frederick III of Habsburg (Innsbruck, September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 in Linz) was elected as German King as the successor of Albert II in 1440. ... Eneias Silvio Piccolomini (the future Pope Pius II celebrating the marriage between Frederick III and Leonor. ... Laetare Sunday (from the Latin verb laetare, meaning to be joyful) is a name formerly often used, and less commonly used today, to denote the fourth Sunday of the season of Lent in the Christian liturgical calendar. ... Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397–March 24, 1455) was pope from March 6, 1447, to March 24, 1455. ... Charles VII the Victorious, a. ... Eberhard I (11 December 1445, Urach – 24 February 1496, Tübingen). ... Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 – August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... Motto: (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity(English) Wha daur meddle wi me? (Scots)[1] Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic, Scots[2] Government  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Innocent VIII, né Giovanni Battista Cibo (1432 – July 25, 1492), pope from 1484 to 1492, was born at Genoa, and was the son of Aran Cibo who under Calixtus III had been a senator at Rome. ... Isabella of Castile Isabella (April 22, 1451 – November 26, 1504) was Queen regnant of Castile and Leon. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Alexander VI, né Rodrigo Borgia (January 1, 1431 - August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the Renaissance. ... Reign December 12, 1501 - August 19, 1506. ... Pope Julius II Julius II, né Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 - February 21, 1513), was pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Manuel I of Portugal (pron. ... Frederick in an engraved portrait by Albrecht Dürer, 1524 Frederick III (January 17, 1463 – May 5, 1525), also known as Frederick the Wise, was Elector of Saxony (from the House of Wettin) from 1486 to his death. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... Silver groat of Henry VIII, minted c. ... Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 – February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Pope Leo X Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521), was the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity. ... For the antipope (1378-1394) see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de Medici (1478 – September 25, 1534) was pope from 1523 to 1534. ... Federico II of Gonzaga (1500 – 1540), Marquis of Mantua, succeeded his father Francesco as ruler of Mantua in 1519. ... The Duchy of Mantua was ruled by the Gonzaga family from 1328 to 1708. ... Pope Paul III, (1543) portrait by Titian (Tiziano Vecelli), Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples Paul III, né Alessandro Farnese (February 29, 1468 - November 10, 1549) was pope from 1534 to 1549. ... The Council of Trent is the Nineteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Queen Mary I of England (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 6 July 1553 (de facto) or 19 July 1553 (de jure) until her death. ... Paul IV, né Giovanni Pietro Carafa (June 28, 1476 – August 18, 1559) was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death. ... Henry IV (French: Henri IV; December 13, 1553 – May 14, 1610), was the first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty in France. ... Margaret of Austria, 1609, by Bartolomé González y Serrano Margaret of Austria (December 25, 1584-October 3, 1611), Queen of Spain and Portugal, was the daughter of Archduke Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria, and the sister of the Emperor Ferdinand II. She married Philip III... Philip III of Spain Philip III (Spanish: Felipe III) (April 14, 1578 – March 31, 1621) was the king of Spain and Portugal (as Philip II Portuguese: Filipe II), from 1598 until his death. ... Clement, in the monument in Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, erected by his Borghese heirs Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (March 1536 - March 5, 1605) was pope from 1592 to 1605. ... Henrietta Maria Henrietta Maria (November 25, 1609 - September 10, 1669) was Queen Consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (June 13, 1625 - January 30, 1649) through her marriage to Charles I. The U.S. state of Maryland (in Latin, Terra Maria) was so named in her honour by Cæcilius Calvert... Urban VIII, né Maffeo Barberini (April 1568 - July 29, 1644) was pope from 1623-1644. ... Maria Anna (18 August 1606 – 13 May 1646), also known as Maria Anna of Austria, Infanta of Spain, was the youngest daughter of King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. ... Marie Thérèse redirects here. ... Alexander VII, né Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 - May 22, 1667) was pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ... A godparent, in some denominations of Christianity, is someone who sponsors a childs baptism. ... Clement X, né Emilio Altieri (Rome, July 13, 1590 - Rome, July 22, 1676) was Pope from 29 April 1670-22 July 1676. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... For other monarchs with similar names, please see John of Poland. ... Vienna (German: , see also other names) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Innocent XI, né Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 - August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ... Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Neapolitan family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome, he in his twentieth year became an official of the court of... Maria Luisa of Savoy by Jean Garavaque, 1701, The Louvre Museum Maria Luisa of Savoy (November 17, 1688 - February 14, 1714) was the first wife of king Philip V of Spain. ... Clement XI, né Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 - March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia) is the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... Clement XIII, né Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 - Rome, February 2, 1769) was pope from 1758 to 1769. ... Marie Christine Johanna Josephe Antonie of Austria (born Maria Christina Johanna Josepha Antonia) (3 May 1742 - 24 June 1798), (→Family Tree) called Mimi, was the second girl and fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Pius VI, born as Giovanni Angelo Braschi, (December 27, 1717 - August 29, 1799), pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ... Maria Theresia Henriette Dorothee von Habsburg-Lothringen, Archduchess of Austria-Este (July 2, 1849 - February 3, 1919) was the daughter and only child of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and his wife, Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria. ... Leo XII, né Annibale della Genga (August 22, 1760- February 10, 1829) was Pope from 1823 to 1829. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. ... Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1839: Mainland Piedmont, with Savoia upper left (pink) and Nizza (Nice) lower left (brown) both now French, and Sardinia in the inset. ... Gregory XVI, né Bartolommeo Alberto Cappellari (September 18, 1765 - June 1, 1846), was Pope from 1831 to 1846. ... Maria II, Queen of Portugal (April 4, 1819 - November 15, 1853). ... Luís I (pron. ... Baptism in early Christian art. ... The Blessed Pope Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, ( May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878) was pope for a record pontificate of over 31 years, from June 16, 1846 until his death. ... Isabella II (October 10, 1830 – April 10, 1904), Isabel II in Spanish, was Queen regnant of Spain (Queen of the Spains officially from August 13, 1836, Isabella II the queen of Castile, Leon, Aragon,...) She was born in Madrid, and was the eldest daughter of Ferdinand VII, king of Spain... Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain Maria Christina, Princess Imperia and Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary and Bohemia (Maria Christina Désirée Henriette Felicitas Rainiera von Habsburg-Lothringen, 21 July 1858–6 February 1929) was the second Queen consort of King Alfonso XII of Spain and... Pope Leo XIII Supreme Pontiff (1878-1903) Leo XIII, né Gioacchino Pecci (March 2, 1810 - July 20, 1903) was Pope from 1878 to 1903. ... Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (July 29, 1846—November 14, 1921), nicknamed the Redeemer, was heir to the throne of Brazil (with the title of Princess Imperial) during the last decades of the reign of her father Pedro II of Brazil, and sometime Regent. ... The Lei Áurea (Golden Law), adopted on May 13, 1888, was the law that finally abolished slavery in Brazil. ... Carlos I (pron. ... Marie Henriette, Princess Imperial & Archduchess of Austria, Princess Royal of Hungary & Bohemia (August 23, 1836, Pest, now Budapest, Hungary - September 20, 1902, Spa, Belgium) was the queen consort of King Léopold II of Belgium. ...

The penultimate Golden Rose to be awarded to date was granted to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes (France), by Pope John Paul II in 2004. This was also the first award of the Golden Rose in the 21st century. The last Golden Rose to be awarded to date was granted to the Sanctuary of Jasna Gora (Czestochowa - Poland), by Pope Benedict XVI in 2006. See also The Black Madonna of Czestochowa External links http://www. ... Częstochowa (pronounce: [ʧε̃stɔ:xɔva]) is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248,894 inhabitants (2004). ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Source

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. [1]

Our research for The Mary Page (International Marian Research Institute located at The Marian Library at the University of Dayton) indicates that golden roses were awarded as follows: The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by The Encyclopedia Press. ...

Paul VI

Address (in Portuguese) concerning the blessing of the Golden Rose for Fatima "A alegria" 28 March 1965 / Published in the English L'Osservatore Romano 3,29-30,65.

Radio message (in Portuguese) to the people of Portugal concerning the presentation of the Golden Rose to the Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima "Nesta hora" 13 May 1965 / Published in AAS 57, 1965, 532-33

Address (in Spanish) at the time of the blessing of the Golden Rose for the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe "Hace tiempo" 20 March 1966 / Published in the English L'Osservatore Romano 3,21-22,66.

Letter (in Latin) to Archbishop Miranda of Mexico City concerning the Golden Rose for the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe "Flores edens" 22 March 1966 / Published in AAS 58, 1966, 475-476

Radio message (in Spanish) to Mexican Catholics on the presentation of the Golden Rose to the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe "En la fiesta" 31 May 1966 / Published in AAS 58, 1966, 515-516

Address (in Portuguese) concerning the blessing of the Golden Rose for the Marian Shrine of Aparecida, Brazil. "Acabamos de benzer" 5 March 1967 / Published in AAS 59, 1967, 338-339

We will continue to insert bibliographic references as documents are located.