Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi (born April 23, 1918) April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

He was born in Seattle to a Christian family who were associated with the Mukyōkai Christian Movement. He graduated from Auburn High School in Auburn, Washington and in 1937 went to the University of Washington where he received his degree. At the University he participated in the YMCA and became a religious pacifist. City nickname Emerald City City bird Great Blue Heron City flower Dahlia City mottos The City of Flowers The City of Goodwill City song Seattle, the Peerless City Mayor Greg Nickels County King County Area   - Total   - Land   - Water   - % water 369. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Auburn is a city of 40,314 located in the U.S. state of Washington, in King County, with some spill-over into Pierce County. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ... YMCAs in the United States and Canada use this logo. ... Pacifist may mean: an advocate of pacifism. ...

Although at first he considered accepting Japanese internment he ultimately became one of three to openly defy it. He joined the Quaker-run American Friends Service Committee. In 1942 he turned himself into the FBI and was sentenced to 90 days in prison. He did this in part to appeal the verdict all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court with the backing of the ACLU. However the court unanimously ruled against him in Hirabayashi v. United States in 1943. Curiously they would not pay for him being sent to prison so he hitchhiked to the Arizona prison where he was sentenced to reside. Once there they stated they lacked the sufficient papers as he was two weeks late. They considered letting him just go home, but he feared this would look suspicious. After that they made the suggestion he could go out for dinner and a movie which would give them time to find his papers. He agreed to this and, by the time he finished doing so, they had found the relevant paperwork.^{[citation needed]} Japanese internment is a term generally used to refer to one or both of the following events: Japanese American internment – the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II. Japanese Canadian internment – the internment of Japanese Canadians in Canada during World War II. Categories: | ... The Religious Society of Friends (commonly known as Quakers) is a Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity. ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non_governmental organization devoted to defending civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. ... Holding --- Court membership Case opinions Laws applied --- Hirabayashi v. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Official language(s) English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area  Ranked 6th  - Total 113,998 sq mi (295,254 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ...

After The War

After the war he went on to earn a B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in sociology from the University of Washington. He taught in Beirut, Cairo, and then settled at the University of Alberta in Canada from 1959 to 1983. After that he was active in human rights and got his conviction overturned in 1987. As a sociologist he has done studies of Jordan and the Russian Doukhobors in British Columbia, Egyptian village political awareness, Jordanian social change, and Asian-Americans. He has been an active member of Canadian Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B.) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate (or graduate) course of one to three years in duration. ... Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Al Qahirah (The Triumphant City) Cairos location in Egypt Coordinates: Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area    - City 210 km²  - Metro 1,492 km² Population (2005)  - City 7,438,376  - Density 35,420/km²  - Urban 10,834,495  - Metro 15,200,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2)  - Summer (DST... The University of Alberta (U of A) is a public coeducational research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Doukhobors (Russian Духоборы) are a Christian dissenting sect of Russian origin. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English de facto (none stated in law) Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 36 6 Area... An Asian American is a person of Asian ancestry or origin who was born in or is an immigrant to the United States. ...

Conviction Overturned

Soon after retiring, Hirabayashi received a call that would prove consequential. Peter Irons, a political science professor from the University of California, San Diego, had uncovered documents that clearly showed evidence of government misconduct in 1942—evidence that the government knew there was no military reason for the exclusion order but withheld that information from the Supreme Court. With this new information, Hirabayashi’s case was retried and in 1987 his conviction was overturned.

“It was quite a strong victory—so strong that the other side did not appeal,” says Hirabayashi. “It was a vindication of all the effort people had put in for the rights of citizens during crisis periods.”

Did the reversal change Hirabayashi’s view of the United States? Most definitely, he says. “There was a time when I felt that the Constitution failed me,” he explains. “But with the reversal in the courts and in public statements from the government, I feel that our country has proven that the Constitution is worth upholding. The U.S. government admitted it made a mistake. A country that can do that is a strong country. I have more faith and allegiance to the Constitution than I ever had before.” [A&S Perspectives, Winter 2000, University of Washington]

"I would also say that if you believe in something, if you think the Constitution is a good one, and if you think the Constitution protects you, you better make sure that the Constitution is actively operating... and uh, in other words "constant vigilance". Otherwise, it's a scrap of paper. We had the Constitution to protect us in 1942. It didn't because the will of the people weren't behind it."

(Gordon Hirabayashi Interview, Copyright 2001 Smithsonian Institution)

External links

• History Link
• University of Washington essay
• On the court case
• Biography in HTML
• Sociology papers