Great Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg, 1802.

Gostinyi dvor (Russian: Гостиный двор) is a historic Russian term for an indoor market, or shopping centre. It is translated from Russian either as "Guest Court" or "Merchant Yard", although both translations are admittedly inadequate. Image File history File linksMetadata Gostiny1802. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Gostiny1802. ... Look up Market in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the traditional meaning of the word mall, see mall. ...

Such structures, constructed in every large Russian town during the first decades of the 19th century, wich are fine examples of Neoclassical architecture. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The neoclassical movement that produced Neoclassical architecture began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. ...

Moscow

Gostiny Dvor in Moscow occupies a substantial portion of Kitai-gorod, as the old merchant district is known. Formerly accommodating both shops and warehouses, it was constructed of brick in the 1590s and underwent significant modifications in 1638-41. As the Russian capital expanded and the old structure became overcrowded, a new indoor market was completed nearby in 1665. Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... // Iverskiye Gates leading to Red Square are the only extant gates of the Kitai-gorod wall. ... Events 1590 March 14 - Battle of Ivry - Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne. ... 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Gostiny Dvor in Moscow

Giacomo Quarenghi in 1789 replaced those medieval buildings with a new shopping mall designed in a sober Neoclassical style with innumerable Corinthian columns and arcades. Architecturally it must have been strikingly modern at the time of its construction. Building works and various improvements lasted until 1830, by which time Matvey Kazakov and Osip Bove substantially modified the original design in order to make it conform to the difficult terrain of the site. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1187 KB) Gostiny Dvor in Moscow I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1187 KB) Gostiny Dvor in Moscow I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... It has been said that Quarenghi, due to his somewhat droll appearance, was the most frequently painted of architects. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A shopping mall (or simply mall), shopping center, or shopping arcade is a building or set of buildings that contain stores, and has interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from store to store. ... The neoclassical movement that produced Neoclassical architecture began in the mid-18th century, both as a reaction against the Rococo style of anti-tectonic naturalistic ornament, and an outgrowth of some classicizing features of Late Baroque. ... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Subsequently, Quarenghi's structure went through many reconstructions, notably the installation of a modern glass roof in 1995, when Gostiny Dvor was being converted into a fashionable exhibition ground. Nowadays, the edifice is used as the setting for fashion shows, business parties, and even Viennese balls. 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Exhibition may refer to: Exhibition (scholarship), a small grant Worlds Fair Exhibition game, a friendly match Art exhibition Exhibition (equestrian), a sport involving horse and riders Science fair State fair Funfair Trade fair Xzibit See also Look up exhibition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Saint Petersburg

Great Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg, 1815.

Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg is not only the city's oldest and largest shopping centre, but also one of the first department stores in the world. Sprawling at the intersection of Nevsky Prospekt and Sadovaya Street for over one kilometer and embracing the area of 53,000 m²., the indoor complex of more than 100 shops took twenty-eight years to construct. Building works commenced in 1757 to an elaborate design by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, but that subsequently was discarded in favour of a less expensive and more functional Neoclassical design submitted by Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe (1729-1800). Image File history File links Gostiny1815. ... Image File history File links Gostiny1815. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... The interior of a typical Macys department store. ... Nevsky Prospekt, or the Neva Avenue (Russian: Невский проспект), is the main street in the city of St Petersburg. ... Vorontsov Palace on Garden Street was designed by Bartolomeo Rastrelli. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words χίλια (khilia) = thousand and μέτρο (metro) = count/measure). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700-71) was the most important baroque architect working in Russia. ... Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ...

Throughout the following century, Gostiny Dvor was continuously augmented, resulting in ten indoor streets and as many as 178 shops by the 20th century. By that time, the Gostiny Dvor had lost its popularity to the more fashionable Passazh and New Passazh, situated on the Nevsky nearby. During the post-World War II reconstructions, its inner walls were demolished and a huge shopping mall came into being. This massive 18th-century structure got a face-lift recently and entered the 21st century as one of the most fashionable shopping centres in Eastern Europe. A nearby station of Saint Petersburg Metro takes its name from Gostiny Dvor. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... The interior of the old Passage in the 1850s. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian... The 21st century is the present century of the Gregorian calendar. ... Regions of Europe as delineated by the United Nations (UN definition of Eastern Europe marked salmon):  Northern Europe  Western Europe  Eastern Europe  Southern Europe Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium... Official Logo The Saint Petersburg Metro (Russian: ) is an underground rapid transit system in Saint Petersburg, Russia. ...

Kostroma

An eponymous arcaded edifice in Kostroma is usually cited as one of the best preserved provincial Merchant Court in existence. Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-28). ... Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-28). ...

Arkhangelsk

Gostiny Dvor in Arkhangelsk is by far the oldest preserved, however: it dates from the 17th century and in part retains towers and other fortifications typical for medieval Russian markets. Arkhangelsk (Russian: ), formerly called Archangel in English, is a city in and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. ... Arkhangelsk (Russian: ), formerly called Archangel in English, is a city in and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... The Eiffel Tower Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma, Russia. ...

References

• Bogdanov I.A. Bolshoi Gostiny dvor v Peterburge. SPb, 2001.

External links

• Official website of Great Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg
• Views from the upper gallery of Gostiny Dvor in St Petersburg