The Goulburn River rises east of Mudgee and flows east, joining the Hunter River near the town of Denman. If flows through a rugged and partly-settled area, much of which is a national park. It has a number of tributaries including the Widdin Brook, the Krui River and the Merriwa River.
NewSouthWales is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the E., by Queensland on the N., by South Australia on the W. and by Victoria on the S. It lies between 28° and 38° S. lat., and 141° and 154° E. long.
In the extreme south-east of NewSouthWales, at the head of the Genoa river, are sandstones with Archaeopteris howitti, which are an extension of the Lower Devonian beds of Victoria; while farther to the east, at Eden and Twofold Bay, are Upper Devonian sandstones.
Penal establishments were formed at Newcastle in NewSouthWales, at Hobart and Launceston in Tasmania, and an unsuccessful attempt was made to colonize Port Phillip.