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Financial markets

Bond market Fixed income Corporate bond Government bond Municipal bond Bond valuation High-yield debt This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Download high resolution version (480x640, 110 KB)Blockade in front of NYSE. Picture taken in April 2004. ... The bond market, also known as the debit, credit, or fixed income market, is a financial market where participants buy and sell debt securities usually in the form of bonds. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation. ... In the United States, a municipal bond (or muni) is a bond issued by a state, city or other local government, or their agencies. ... Bond valuation is the process of determining the fair price of a bond. ... In finance, a high yield bond (non-investment grade bond, speculative grade bond or junk bond) is a bond that is rated below investment grade at the time of purchase. ...

Stock market Stock Preferred stock Common stock Registered share Voting share Stock exchange A stock market or (equity market) is a private or public market for the trading of company stock and derivatives of company stock at an agreed price; both of these are securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately. ... For other uses, see Stock (disambiguation). ... Preferred stock, also called preferred shares or preference shares, is typically a higher ranking stock than voting shares, and its terms are negotiated between the corporation and the investor. ... Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...

Foreign exchange market The foreign exchange (currency or forex or FX) market exists wherever one currency is traded for another. ...

Derivatives market Credit derivative Hybrid security Options Futures Forwards Swaps The derivatives markets are the financial markets for derivatives. ... // A credit derivative is a financial instrument or derivative (finance) whose price and value derives from the creditworthiness of the obligations of a third party, which is isolated and traded. ... Definition A hybrid security, as the name implies, is a security that combines two or more different financial instruments. ... This article is about options traded in financial markets. ... In finance, a futures contract is a standardized contract, traded on a futures exchange, to buy or sell a certain underlying instrument at a certain date in the future, at a specified price. ... A forward contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset (which can be of any kind) at a pre-agreed future point in time. ... For the Thoroughbred horse racing champion, see: Swaps (horse). ...

Other Markets Commodity market Money market OTC market Real estate market Spot market Chicago Board of Trade Futures market Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. ... This article is about short-term financing. ... Over-the-counter (OTC) trading is to trade financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, commodities or derivatives directly between two parties. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Template:The Spot Market The Spot Market or Cash Marketis a commodities or securities market in which goods are sold for cash and delivered immediately. ...

Finance series Financial market Financial market participants Corporate finance Personal finance Public finance Banks and Banking Financial regulation The field of finance refers to the concepts of time, money and risk and how they are interelated. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... There are two basic financial market participant catagories, Investor vs. ... Domestic credit to private sector in 2005 Corporate finance is an area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools and analysis used to make these decisions. ... -1... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Bank (disambiguation). ... Financial supervision is government supervision of financial institutions by regulators. ...

v • d • e

A government bond is a bond issued by a national government denominated in the country's own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. For alternative meanings, see bond (a disambiguation page). ... A sovereign bond is a bond issued by a national government. ...

Risk

Government bonds are usually referred to as risk-free bonds, because the government can raise taxes or simply print more money to redeem the bond at maturity.^{[citation needed]} Some counter examples do exist where a government has defaulted on its domestic currency debt, such as Russia in 1998 (the "ruble crisis"), though this is very rare.^{[citation needed]} A risk-free bond is one that pays out principle plus interest in a given length of time with absolute certainty. ... In finance, default occurs when a debtor has not met its legal obligations according to the debt contract, e. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Inkombank was one of the most high-profile casualties of the events of August 1998. ...

As an example, in the US, Treasury securities are denominated in US dollars and are the safest US dollar investments. In this instance, the term risk-free means free of credit risk. However, other risks still exist, such as currency risk for foreign investors (for example non-US investors of US Treasury securities would have received lower returns in 2004 because the value of the US dollar declined against most other currencies). Secondly, there is inflation risk, in that the principal repaid at maturity will have less purchasing power than anticipated if the inflation outturn is higher than expected. Many governments issue inflation-indexed bonds, which protect investors against inflation risk.^{[citation needed]} Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Credit risk is the risk of loss due to a debtors non-payment of a loan or other line of credit (either the principal or interest (coupon) or both). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Inflation-indexed bonds (also known as linkers) are bonds whose principal are indexed to inflation, cutting out inflation risk. ...

Issuance

Government bonds are issued through agencies that are part of the government's treasury department, for example

• Bunds are bonds issued by the German Finance Agency, denominated in euros
• Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Debt Management Office and are denominated in sterling
• US Treasuries are issued by the Bureau of the Public Debt

Look up Bund in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... The UK Debt Management Office (DMO), was established on 1 April 1998. ... Sterling may refer to: Sterling (car), a British automobile manufacturer. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... One of Public Debts several buildings in downtown Parkersburg. ...

See also

• Government debt
• Municipal bond
• List of government bonds

Tax rates around the world Tax revenue as % of GDP Economic policy Monetary policy Central bank   Money supply Fiscal policy Spending   Deficit   Debt Trade policy Tariff   Trade agreement Finance Financial market Financial market participants Corporate   Personal Public   Banking   Regulation        Government debt (also known as public debt or national debt) is... In the United States, a municipal bond (or muni) is a bond issued by a state, city or other local government, or their agencies. ... This is a list of categories of Government bonds around the world. ...

List of government bonds from the main issuers

Currency	Country	Generic name or nickname	Rating (S&P/Moody's)	Negotiable debt at mid-2005 (US dollar bn equivalent)	Government financial liabilities as % of GDP (end 2003 - source : OECD)	Issuer	Internet site
Yen	Japan	JGBs	AA-/A2	6,666	157.5%	Ministry of Finance (MoF)	Site
US dollar	United States	US Treasuries	AAA/Aaa	4,000	62.5%	Bureau of the Public Debt	Site
Euro	Italy	BTPs	A+/Aa2	1,530	120.9%	Dipartimento del Tesoro	Site
Euro	France	OATs	AAA/Aaa	1,300	71.2%	Agence France Trésor	Site
Euro	Germany	Bunds	AAA/Aaa	1,020	65.1%	Finanzagentur GmbH	Site
Pound sterling	United Kingdom	Gilts	AAA/Aaa	703	42.0%	UK Debt Management Office	Site

Main credit ratings

This is a list of categories of Government bonds around the world. ... Publications Standard & Poors publishes a weekly (48 times a year) stock market analysis newsletter called The Outlook, which is issued both in print and online to subscribers. ... Moodys Corporation (NYSE: MCO) is the holding company for Moodys Investors Service which performs financial research and analysis on commercial and government entities. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... GDP is an acronym which can stand for more than one thing: (in economics) an abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product. ... The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... The Ministry of Finance (財務省; Zaimu-sho) is one of ministries of the Japanese government. ... The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... One of Public Debts several buildings in downtown Parkersburg. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... GBP redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... The UK Debt Management Office (DMO), was established on 1 April 1998. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1190x1683, 32 KB) Moody+ S&P + Fitch File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Government bond List of government bonds ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1190x1683, 32 KB) Moody+ S&P + Fitch File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Government bond List of government bonds ... A credit rating assesses the credit worthiness of an individual, corporation, or even a country. ...

Asia

 Japan (AA-/A2)

Issued by: Ministry of Finance (MoF) Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... The Ministry of Finance (財務省; Zaimu-sho) is one of ministries of the Japanese government. ...

• Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs)
  • Revenue Bonds/Straight Bonds
  • Financing Bills
  • Subsidy Bonds
  • Subscription Bonds
  • Contribution Bonds
  • Demand Bonds (kofu kokusai)

Ministry of Finance

Europe

Eurozone

 France (AAA/Aaa)

Issued by: Agence France Trésor, the French Debt Agency Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

• OATs
  • BTFs - bills
  • BTANs - 1 to 6 year notes
  • Obligations assimilables du Trésor (OATs) -
  • TEC10 OATs - floating rate bonds indexed on constant 10 year maturity OAT yields
  • OATi - French inflation-indexed bonds
  • OAT€i - Eurozone inflation-indexed bonds

Agence France Trésor Binomial name Avena sativa Carolus Linnaeus (1753) The Oat (Avena sativa) is a species of cereal grain, and the seeds of this plant. ... BTFs (Bons du Trésor à taux fixe et à intérêts précomptés) are fixed-rate short-term discount Treasury bills issued by the French debt agency Agence France Trésor (AFT). ... BTANs stand for Bons à Taux Annuel Normalisés. A bon in the french language can be a form, voucher or coupon. ...

 Germany (AAA/Aaa)

Issued by: Finanzagentur GmbH, the German Finance Agency Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ...

• Bunds
  • Bubill - bills
  • Bundesschatzanweisungen (Schätze) - 2 year notes
  • Bundesobligationen (Bobls) - 5 year notes
  • Bundesanleihen (Bunds) - bonds

Finanzagentur GmbH

On 28 March 2008, someone, apparently accidentally, sold a significant number of bunds into an illiquid market, setting off various stops, and causing the bund to be suspended for a few minutes. Might be interesting for a few days.^{[citation needed]}

 Italy (A+/Aa2)

Issued by: Dipartimento del Tesoro Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ...

• BTPs
  • Buoni Ordinari del Tesoro (BOTs) - bills up to 1 year
  • Certificati del Tesoro Zero Coupon (CTZ) - bills up to 2 year
  • Buoni del Tesoro Poliannuali (BTPs) - bonds
  • Certificati di Credito del Tesoro (CCTs) - floating rate notes
  • BTP Indicizzato all'Inflazione - inflation linked bonds

Dipartimento del Tesoro BTP can be: British Transport Police the chemical substance bis-tris propane This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Look up bot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... BTP can be: British Transport Police the chemical substance bis-tris propane This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

 United Kingdom (AAA/Aaa)

Issued by: UK Debt Management Office Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... The UK Debt Management Office (DMO), was established on 1 April 1998. ...

• Gilts
  • Conventional gilts
  • Index-linked gilts
  • Double-dated gilts
  • Undated gilts
  • Gilt strips

UK Debt Management Office Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ... Gilts are bonds issued by the UK Government. ...

North America

 United States (AAA/Aaa)

Issued By: Bureau of the Public Debt Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... One of Public Debts several buildings in downtown Parkersburg. ...

• US Treasuries
  • Treasury bill
  • Treasury note
  • Treasury bond
  • TIPS
  • Savings bond

Bureau of the Public Debt Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ... Treasury securities are government bonds issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. ...