 Political map and research stations (2002) Antarctica has no government. Various countries claim areas of it, but most countries do not recognize those claims. The area between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west is the only land on Earth not claimed by any country. Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ...
Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ...
The Antarctic Treaty establishes freedom of scientific investigation and prohibits military activity. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty prevent development. For the Antarctic Treaty from the Gundam anime, see Antarctic Treaty (Gundam) The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ...
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...
The treaty
 Graham Bertram (NAVA) 1996 conceptual flag for Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty, signed on December 1, 1959, and entered into force on June 23, 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. Administration is carried out through consultative member meetings—the 23rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was in Peru in May 1999. 1996 Antarctic Flag concept by NAVA member Graham Bartram. ...
1996 Antarctic Flag concept by NAVA member Graham Bartram. ...
December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1959 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ...
1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...
At the end of 1999, there were 44 treaty member nations: 27 consultative and 17 acceding. Consultative (voting) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 20 nonclaimant nations. The 20 nonclaimant nations do not recognize the claims of others. In addition, though Russia and the United States have made no claims, they have reserved the right to do so. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was voted to full consultative (voting) status, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory.
Claimant nations The claims of Argentina, Chile and the UK overlap. antartctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentinian Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ...
Nonclaimant consultative nations
Acceding (nonvoting) members (year of accession in parentheses)
Articles of the Antarctic Treaty - Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose;
- Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue;
- Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel in cooperation with the United Nations and other international agencies;
- Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force;
- Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes;
- Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south;
- Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all activities and of the introduction of military personnel must be given;
- Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states;
- Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations;
- Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty;
- Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations.
The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ...
The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. ...
Other agreements Other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments - include: The Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...
The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...
This article is about minerals in the geologic sense; for nutrient minerals see dietary mineral; for the band see Mineral (band). ...
The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, also known as the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is part of the Antarctic Treaty System. ...
October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in Leap years). ...
1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
Legal system According to Argentine regulations, any crime committed within 50km of distance from any Argentine base is to be judged in Ushuaia (as capital of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands). In the part of Argentine Antarctica that is also claimed by Chile the person to be judged can ask to be transferred there. The city of Ushuaia in early spring. ...
Map of Argentina highlighting the province Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands (Sp. ...
antartctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentinian Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ...
From a US perspective, US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply to areas not under jurisdiction of other countries. Some US laws directly apply to Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: United States Wikinews has a related story: United States United States government CIA World Factbook Entry for United States House. ...
The law of the United States is derived from the common law of England, which was in force at the time of the Revolutionary War. ...
- the taking of native mammals or birds;
- the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals;
- entry into specially protected or scientific areas;
- the discharge or disposal of pollutants;
- the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica
Violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and one year in prison. The Departments of Treasury, Commerce, Transportation, and Interior share enforcement responsibilities.
Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 5801, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty.
For more information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 306-1031, or see the website of NSF (listed below).
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