Formation of the United Kingdom
Acts of Union (1536-1543)
Act of Union (1707)
Act of Union (1800)
Government of Ireland Act (1920)
Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921)

An Act to Provide for the Better Government of Ireland, more usually the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (this is its official short title; the formal citation is 10 & 11 Geo. 5 c. 67.) was the second act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to provide for Home Rule in Ireland. Image File history File links Flag_of_Wales_2. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... The Acts of Union 1536–1543 were a series of parliamentary measures by which Wales was annexed to England and the norms of English administration introduced in order to create a single state and a single legal jurisdiction, which is frequently referred to as England and Wales. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... Image File history File links Union_flag_1606_(Kings_Colors). ... Download high resolution version (1300x860, 4 KB) St. ... The 1800 Act of Union merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of England and Scotland under the Act of Union 1707) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Download high resolution version (1300x860, 4 KB) St. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ireland. ... Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... The short title is one of the parts, together with the long title, and the operative provisions (sections and Schedules), which comprise an Act of Parliament or Bill in the United Kingdom and certain other Commonwealth Realms. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events WIKIPEDIA EATS VAGINA January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert Windsor, (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the House of Windsor in 1917. ... An aerial view of Parliament of India at New Delhi. ... Devolution or Home rule is the pooling of powers from central government to government at regional or local level. ...

Background

The Home Rule bill in 1886 had been defeated in the House of Commons and the 1893 bill was blocked by the House of Lords. The 1912 bill was stalled by the same body (it was approved by Parliament in 1914, and received Royal Assent immediately before the outbreak of the First World War but was suspended for the duration of what was expected to be a short war) halted the process of enactment. As the fourth attempt to pass a bill providing for Irish devolution, the 1920 Act is also known as the Fourth Home Rule Bill. A bill is a proposed new law introduced within a legislature that has not been ratified or adopted. ... Irelands first Home Rule Bill was introduced on 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone. ... In some bicameral parliaments of a Westminster System, the House of Commons has historically been the name of the elected lower house. ... In August 1892, William Gladstone was re-elected as Prime Minister and he depended on Irish Parliamentary Party MPs to form a majority. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ... To look at the Home Rule Bill 1912-1914 we must first look back to 1909. ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, or the Sovereigns representative in Commonwealth Realms, completes the process of the enactment of legislation by formally assenting to an Act of Parliament. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Details

Northern and Southern Ireland

The Act, introduced by the government of David Lloyd George, divided Ireland into two territories, Southern Ireland and Northern Ireland, each intended to be self-governing except in areas specifically reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom: chief amongst these were matters relating to the Crown, to defence, foreign affairs, international trade, and currency. Image File history File links Northern_and_Southern_Ireland. ... Image File history File links Northern_and_Southern_Ireland. ... The Right Honourable David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, OM , PC (January 17, 1863 – March 26, 1945) was a British statesman and the last Liberal to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... Southern Ireland was the twenty-six county Irish state envisaged by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. ... Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1... The Houses of Parliament, seen over Westminster Bridge The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ...

"Southern Ireland" was to be all of Ireland except for "the parliamentary counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Derry and Tyrone, and the parliamentary boroughs of Belfast which were to constitute "Northern Ireland". Northern Ireland as defined by the Act, amounting to six of the nine counties of Ulster, was seen as the maximum area within which Unionists could be expected to have a safe majority. County Antrim (Contae Aontroma in Irish) is one of the six Irish counties that form Northern Ireland. ... County Armagh (Contae Ard Mhacha in Irish) is a county in Ulster, Ireland. ... County Down, (An Dún in Irish) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, covering an area of 2,448 km² (945 square miles). ... County Fermanagh (Contae Fhear Manach or Fear Manach in Irish), is the westernmost of the six counties that form Northern Ireland. ... For other places with similar names, see Londonderry (disambiguation) and Derry (disambiguation). ... This article is about County Tyrone. ... Belfast (Béal Feirste in Irish) is the second-largest city in Ireland. ... Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1... Ulster (Irish: Cúige Uladh, IPA: ) is one of the four provinces of Ireland. ... In the context of Irish politics, Unionists are people in Northern Ireland, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union 1800, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which Northern Ireland, created in that latter Act, remains part of the United Kingdom of Great...

Each entity was to have its own parliament "consisting of His Majesty, the Senate of (Northern or Southern) Ireland, and the House of Commons of (Northern or Southern) Ireland". A single Lord Lieutenant of Ireland would represent the King, and a Council of Ireland would co-ordinate matters of common concern to the two parliaments. Both parts of Ireland would continue to send a number of MPs to the Westminster parliament. Elections for both lower houses took place in May 1921. Official standard of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (also known as the Viceroy or in the Middle Ages as the Lord Deputy) was the head of the Kingdom of Englands (before the Act of Union 1707) or Kingdom of Great Britains (after 1707... The Council of Ireland may refer to one of two councils, one proposed and one implemented for a brief period. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... Westminster is the area located immediately to the west of the ancient City of London, in the centre of the wider conurbation of London. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Aftermath

The Parliament of Northern Ireland came into being in 1921. At its inauguration, in Belfast City Hall, King George V made a famous appeal for Anglo-Irish and north–south reconciliation. The speech, drafted by the government of David Lloyd George on recommendations from Jan Smuts¹, Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, with the enthusiastic backing of the King, opened the door for formal contact between the British Government and the Republican administration of Eamon de Valera. The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which existed from June 7, 1921 to March 30, 1972, when it was suspended. ... Belfast City Hall - Under Construction Belfast City Hall is the civic building of the Belfast City Council. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert Windsor, (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the House of Windsor in 1917. ... The Right Honourable David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, OM , PC (January 17, 1863 – March 26, 1945) was a British statesman and the last Liberal to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... Jan Smuts Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM (May 24, 1870 – September 11, 1950) was a prominent South African statesman and general. ... National motto: Ex Unitate Vires (Latin: From Unity, strength} Official languages Afrikaans, English. ... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... Irish Republicanism is the nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a united independent republic. ... Éamon de Valera (born Edward George de Valera, sometimes Gaelicised Éamonn de Bhailéara; October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from the United Kingdom in the early 20th Century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition...

Southern Ireland never became a reality. All 128 MPs elected to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland were returned unopposed, and 124 of them, representing Sinn Féin, declared themselves TDs (Irish for Dáil Deputies) and assembled as the Second Dáil of the Irish Republic. House of Commons of Southern Ireland was the lower house of the Irish parliament created by the Government of Ireland Act, passed in 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. ... The name Sinn Féin (pronounced in English, in Irish), which means ourselves or we ourselves (not as sometimes incorrectly translated, ourselves alone or we alone) has been applied to a series of political movements since 1905 in Ireland, each of which claims or claimed sole descent from the original... A TD or Teachta Dála (Irish for Dáil Deputy, pronounced chock-ta dawla) is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Irish Oireachtas (pronounced orr-och-tas) or National Parliament. ... The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16th August, 1921 until 8th June, 1922. ...

With only the four Unionist MPs (all representing graduates of the Irish Universities) and 15 appointed senators turning up for the state opening of the Southern Ireland Parliament in the Royal College of Science in Dublin (now Government Buildings) in June 1921, the new legislature was suspended.

The House of Commons of Southern Ireland came back into existence again for a short time under the Anglo–Irish Treaty of 1921, to fulfill two functions. The first was to formally ratify the Treaty, which it did in January 1922 (The Second Dáil, which had authority in nationalist eyes for ratifying the Treaty, did so in December 1921). Secondly, it was required to put in place a Provisional Government, which it did, under General Michael Collins. Collins was then legally installed in office by the Lord Lieutenant, Viscount Fitzalan of Derwent. House of Commons of Southern Ireland was the lower house of the Irish parliament created by the Government of Ireland Act, passed in 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. ... Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16th August, 1921 until 8th June, 1922. ... This article is about the pre-Free State Provisional Government. ... Michael Collins (Irish name Micheál Ó Coileáin; October 16, 1890 – August 22, 1922), an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as Director of Intelligence for the IRA, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, as Chairman of... Edmund Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Viscount Fitzalan of Derwent (June 1, 1855 - May 18, 1947), previously known as Lord Edmund Talbot, was the last Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the first Roman Catholic to hold the post. ...

The Treaty provided for the ability of Northern Ireland's Parliament, by formal address, to opt out of the new Irish Free State, which was a foregone conclusion. An Irish Boundary Commission was set up to redraw the border between the new Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. The Council of Ireland never functioned as hoped, (as an embryonic all-Ireland parliament), as the Unionists simply refused to meet and the British government made no effort to compel them. Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1... The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and... The Irish Boundary Commission was established by the Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the Anglo-Irish War in 1921. ... The Irish Free State (Irish: Saorstát Éireann) was (1922–1937) the name of the state comprising the 26 of Irelands 32 counties which were separated from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the Irish Free State Agreement (or Anglo-Irish Treaty) signed by British and... Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1... The Council of Ireland may refer to one of two councils, one proposed and one implemented for a brief period. ... In the context of Irish politics, Unionists are people in Northern Ireland, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union 1800, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which Northern Ireland, created in that latter Act, remains part of the United Kingdom of Great... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ...

The 1920 Act remained the Constitution of Northern Ireland until repealed under the terms of the Northern Ireland Act 1998, after the Good Friday Agreement. A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law. ... The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is part of the Labour governments constitutional reform programme. ... The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was signed in Belfast on April 10, 1998 by the British and Irish Governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. ...

See also

• Second Dáil
• Parliament of Southern Ireland
• Parliament of Northern Ireland
• Unionists (Ireland)

• Irish Government Bill 1886
• Irish Government Bill 1893
• Government of Ireland Act 1914

• History of Ireland (1801–1922)
• History of the Republic of Ireland

The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16th August, 1921 until 8th June, 1922. ... The Parliament of Southern Ireland was set up under the Government of Ireland Act to legislate for Southern Ireland. ... The Parliament of Northern Ireland was the home rule legislature created under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, which existed from June 7, 1921 to March 30, 1972, when it was suspended. ... In the context of Irish politics, Unionists are people in Northern Ireland, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union 1800, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which Northern Ireland, created in that latter Act, remains part of the United Kingdom of Great... Irelands first Home Rule Bill was introduced on 8 April 1886 by Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone. ... In August 1892, William Gladstone was re-elected as Prime Minister and he depended on Irish Parliamentary Party MPs to form a majority. ... To look at the Home Rule Bill 1912-1914 we must first look back to 1909. ... From 1801 to 1922 the whole island of Ireland formed a constituent part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK). ... The state known today as the Republic of Ireland came into being when twenty-six of the counties of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom (UK) in 1922. ...

External links

• Text of the Act as applied in Northern Ireland

References

• Robert Kee, The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism (2000 edition, first published 1972), ISBN 0140291652.

This article is about the year 2000. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ...

Footnotes

1. Jan Smuts was one of the best Boer commanders of the Second Boer War. His deep Commando raids into Cape Province caused considerable embarrassment and difficulties for the British Army. After the war he decided that his future and that of South Africa lay in reconciliation between Afrikaner and the British. In 1914 at the start of World War I the Boer "bitter enders" rose against the government in the Boer Revolt and allied themselves with their old supporter Germany. General Smuts played an important part in crushing the rebellion and defeating the Germans in Africa, before fighting on the Western Front. The South African establishment, of which Smuts was a part, in contrast to the British establishment in 1916, was lenient to the leaders of the revolt, who were fined and spent two years in prison. After this revolt and lenient treatment the "bitter enders" contented themselves with working within the system. It was his experience of the Boer British rapprochement which he was able to bring to the attention of the British government as an alternative to confrontation.

The Second Boer War, also known as the South African War, was fought from October 11, 1899 until May 31, 1902. ... Under the Union of South Africa and after that under the Republic of South Africa, the old Cape Colony became the Cape of Good Hope Province (though it was commonly known as the Cape Province). ... Afrikaners are white South Africans of predominantly Calvinist Dutch, German, French Huguenot, Flemish and Friesian and Walloon descent who speak Afrikaans. ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machine guns, and poison gas World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, the War of the Nations and... The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion1, occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the recreation of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa. ... For most of World War I, Allied Forces, predominantly those of France and the United Kingdom, were stalled at trenches on the Western Front. ...

Major constitutional and statutes laws for Ireland
Poyning's Law (1492) | Grattan's constitution (1782) | Act of Union (1800) | Catholic Relief Act (1829) | Irish Church Disestablishment Act (1869, implemented 1871) | Irish Land Act (1881) | Third Home Rule Act (1914) | Representation of the People Act (1918) | Dáil Constitution (1919) | Government of Ireland Act (1920) | & Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) | Irish Free State Constitution (1922) | Ministers and Secretaries Act (1924) | Courts of Justice Act (1924) | Statutes of Westminster (1931) | External Relations Act (1936) | Bunreacht na hÉireann (1937) | Republic of Ireland Act (1948, implemented 1949) | European Constitution ratification by Ireland on hold.
Flag meanings: = Kingdom of Ireland = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland = Irish Republic, Irish Free State, or Republic of Ireland. = Commonwealth of Nations enactment impacting on Ireland. = European Union law.