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The capital of Canada is the city of Ottawa, where the nation's parliament is located, as is the residence of the Governor General, who represents the country's ceremonial head of state, Queen Elizabeth II.
Canada, which has been inhabited by aboriginal peoples, known in Canada as the First Nations, for about 10,000 years, was first visited by Europeans around 1000, when the Vikings briefly settled at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
Its Head of State and Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II who is given the ceremonial title of "Queen of Canada." The Queen's representative in Canada is the Governor General who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Canada and ceremonially approved by the Queen.
This arrangement continued after the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867; the Governor General and Lieutenant-Governors remained symbolic representatives of the Crown and of the British Government, while actual political power was vested in the Prime Minister of Canada and in the premiers, at the federal and provincial levels respectively.
If the Governor General dies or leaves the country for more than one month, the Chief Justice of Canada (or, if that position is vacant, the senior Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada) serves as Administrator of the Government of Canada, and exercises all powers of the Governor General.
The Governor General's flag is a blue flag bearing a crowned lion holding a red maple leaf in its paw; the design was adopted in 1981.
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