The Dutch Reformed Church (Grotekerk) in Graaff-Reinet. Reproduction of the Salisbury Cathedral

View from Valley of Desolation to Graaff-Reinet

Graaff Reinet is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is the fourth oldest town in South Africa. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 448 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1712 × 2288 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 448 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1712 × 2288 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2288 × 1712 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. ...

Background

The town lies 2463 ft. above the sea and is built on the, banks of the Sunday's River, which rises a little farther north on the southern slopes of the Sneeuberge, and here ramifies into several channels. The Dutch Reformed church in the town is a prominent stone building in the high street with seating accommodation for 1500 people. The college is an educational centre of some importance; it was rebuilt in 1906. Graaff Reinet is a flourishing market for agricultural produce, the district being noted for its mohair industry, sheep and ostrich farming. The Sneeuberge (Afrikaans: Snow Mountains) are located in the far western portions of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Mohair is a silk-like fabric made from the hair of the Angora goat, not to be confused with the angora rabbit whose fur is called angora. ...

Tourist Attractions

• The Valley of Desolation, a geological wonder of weathered dolerite pillars which is a declared national monument with magnificent views over the Karoo plains.

• The Camdeboo National Park of 20 000ha, on the outskirts of the town with its interesting flora and fauna.

• Stretch's Court, a picturesque restored street of Karoo cottages with brightly painted shutters and doors.

• Reinet House Museum

• The Agave Distillery - the only distillery outside Mexico to produce alcohol from the Agave plant.

• The Karoo Architecture.

• The Dutch Reformed Church in the centre of the town

• The Drosdy Hotel

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Diabase. ... The Karoo is a semi-desert region of South Africa. ...

History

The town was founded by the Cape Dutch in 1786, being named after the then governor of Cape Colony, Cornelis Jacob van de Graaff, and his wife. In 1795 the burghers, smarting under the exactions of the Dutch East India Company proclaimed a republic. Similar action was taken by the burghers of Swellendam. Before the authorities at Cape Town could take decisive measures against the rebels, they were themselves compelled to capitulate to the British. The burghers having endeavoured, unsuccessfully, to get aid from a French warship at Algoa Bay surrendered to Colonel (afterwards General Sir) JO Vandeleur. The term Cape Dutch was used to describe the inhabitants of the Western Cape, descended primarily from Dutch, French, German and other European immigrants and a percentage of their Asian and African slaves, who, from the 17th century into the 19th century, remained more or less loyal subjects of European... See also: 1770s in South Africa, other events of 1780s, 1790s in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ... Anthem: God Save the Queen Cape Colony Capital Cape Town Language(s) English and Dutch1 Religion Dutch Reformed Church, Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Last Monarch King George VI Last Prime Minister  - 1908 – 1910 John X. Merriman Last Governor  - 1901 - 1910 Walter Hely-Hutchinson Historical era 19th century  - Dutch East India... See also: 1780s in South Africa, other events of 1790s, 1800 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ... This article is about the trading company. ... Nickname: Motto: Spes Bona (Latin for Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Coordinates: , Country Province Municipality City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality Founded 1652 Government [1]  - Type City council  - Mayor Helen Zille  - City manager Achmat Ebrahim Area  - City 2,499 km²  (964. ... Algoa Bay is an inlet in South Africa at the east of the former Cape Colony, 20 miles wide, on which Port Elizabeth stands, 425 miles east of the Cape of Good Hope. ...

In January 1799 Marthinus Prinsloo, the leader of the republicans in 1795, again rebelled, but surrendered in April following. Prinsloo and nineteen others were imprisoned in Cape Town castle. After trial, Prinsloo and another commandant were sentenced to death and others to banishment. The sentences were not carried out and the prisoners were released, March 1803, on the retrocession of the Cape to the Netherlands. See also: 1780s in South Africa, other events of 1790s, 1800 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ... See also: 1802 in South Africa, other events of 1803, 1804 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ...

In 1801 there had been another revolt in Graaff Reinet, but owing to the conciliatory measures of General F Dundas (acting governor of the Cape) peace was soon restored. It was this district, where a republican government in South Africa was first proclaimed, which furnished large numbers of the Voortrekkers in 1835-1842. See also: 1800 in South Africa, other events of 1801, 1802 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. ... General Francis Dundas and Eliza Cumming, Mrs Francis Dundas Francis Dundas, 1759 Sanson, Berwickshire - 15 January 1824 Dumbarton, Scotland was a British general and acting governor of the Cape Colony between 1798 and 1803. ... The Voortrekkers (Afrikaans for pioneers, literally those who move ahead or first/forward traveler) were white Afrikaner farmers, then known as Boers, who in the 1830s and 1840s emigrated during a series of mass movements of a number of separate trekking contingents under different leaders in what is called the...

Famous people

EARLY HISTORY

• Chief Hykon - Koebaha or Lord of all the Inqua Tribe(c.1689), reputed to be the richest Khoikhoi tribe in Southern Africa. The Inqua were nomadic cattle farmers in the Camdeboo.

• Koerikei - Bushman leader who rebelled against the Dutch farmers and famously shouted from the top of a cliff to his pursuers"You have taken all the places where the Eland lived. Why do you not go back to where you came from; there where the sun sets."

• Adriaan van Jaarsveld. Commandant of the Boers in the district and later instigator of the Graaff-Reinet Republic of 1795. The first Graaff-Reinet citizen to die in the jail at the castle in Cape Town.

• Coenraad de Buys (? - c.1821) A Boer farmer of the Eastern Cape Fronteir who rebelled against both the Dutch and English authorities. Nearly 7ft tall he is reputed to have been the first white man across the Vaal River. He was a hunter, an outlaw with a price on his head, a cattle raider, an instigator of wars against Africans, but also a warrior in the service of African allies and the lover or husband of two African queens. He was the patriarch of a half-caste clan known as the "Buysvolk" (Buys People) who are still to be found near the Soutpansberg Mountains.

• Sir Andries Stockenström, 1st Baronet, (6 July 1792 Cape Town - 16 March 1864 London) lived in Graaff-Reinet and was assistant Landrost of the district. Also was lieutenant governor of British Kaffraria from 13 September 1836 to 9 August 1838.

GREAT TREK & BOER REPUBLICS An 18th century drawing of Khoikhoi worshipping the moon The Khoikhoi (men of men) or Khoi are a historical division of the Khoisan ethnic group of south-western Africa, closely related to the Bushmen (or San, as the Khoikhoi called them). ... Nickname: Motto: Spes Bona (Latin for Good Hope) Location of the City of Cape Town in Western Cape Province Coordinates: , Country Province Municipality City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality Founded 1652 Government [1]  - Type City council  - Mayor Helen Zille  - City manager Achmat Ebrahim Area  - City 2,499 km²  (964. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Half-caste. ... British Kaffraria was a former administrative entity in present-day South Africa, consisting of the districts now known as King Williams Town and East London. ...

• Andries Pretorius, Born Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (November 27, 1798 – 23 July 1853) Great Trek Leader after whom Pretoria was named farmed in the district before the Great Trek. Also instrumental in the creation of the Transvaal Republic.

• Andries Hendrik Potgieter, Great Trek leader was born on 19 December 1792 in Graaff-Reinet

• Martinus Wessel Pretorius. (1819-1901) Boer soldier and statesman, president of the South African Republic (1857–71), born in Graaff-Reinet, the son of Andries Pretorius. He succeeded his father as commandant-general in 1853, and was elected president of the South African Republic, and of the Orange Free State (1859–63). He fought against the British again in 1877, until the independence of the Republic was recognized (1881), then retired.

• Gerrit Maritz, Great Trek Leader after whom Pietermaritzburg was partly named was a wagon-maker in the town.

• Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff (31 January 1808 - 21 April 1881) was the second President of the Orange Free State, from 1855 to 1859. He was born in Kogmanskloof, Montagu and completed his schooling in Swellendam and Graaff-Reinet.

• Thomas François Burgers (15 April 1834 - 9 December 1881) was the 4th president of the South African Republic from 1871 to 1877. He was the youngest child of Barend and Elizabeth Burger of the farm Langefontein in the Camdeboo district of Graaff Reinet, Cape Colony.

• General Nicolaas Jacobus Smit [1837-1896], commander of the Boer forces at the battles of Ingogo and Majuba. Member of the Volksraad [Parliament], he was chosen vice-president in 1887. Prussia made him Knight of the Red Eagle while the Netherlands gave him their highest award as Commander of the Order of the Dutch Lion. Portugal also gave him the highest award of their country. Born at Doornbos, Graaff-Reinet district, on 30th May 1837, died in Pretoria 4th April 1896.

POLITICS Andries Pretorius Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus Pretorius (November 27, 1798 – 23 July 1853) was a leader of the Boers who was instrumental in the creation of the Transvaal Republic, as well as the earlier but short-lived Natalia Republic in present-day South Africa. ... Trekboers in the Karoo. ... Motto: Praestantia Praevaleat Pretoria (May Pretoria Be Pre-eminent In Excellence) Country South Africa Province Gauteng Established 1855 Area  - City 1,644 km²  (634. ... The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek), often informally known as the Transvaal Republic, not to be confused with the Republic of South Africa, occupied the area later known as the province of Transvaal, first from 1857 to 1877, and again, after a successful Afrikaner rebellion against British rule... Trekboers in the Karoo. ... Anthem Transvaalse Volkslied Location of the Transvaal in pre-1994 South Afica Capital Pretoria Language(s) Dutch, English, Afrikaans Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President  - 1857-1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius  - 1883-1902 Paul Kruger  - 1900-1902 Schalk Willem Burger (acting) History  - Established June 27, 1857  - British annexation 1877-1881... Pietermaritzburg is the capital and second largest city of the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. ... The name Montagu has many uses: as a surname Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester Ashley Montagu Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester Edwin Samuel Montagu Elizabeth Montagu Ewen Montagu George Montagu... Swellendam Municipality is a municipality located in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. ... Anthem Transvaalse Volkslied Location of the Transvaal in pre-1994 South Afica Capital Pretoria Language(s) Dutch, English, Afrikaans Religion Dutch Reformed Church Government Republic President  - 1857-1863 Marthinus Wessel Pretorius  - 1883-1902 Paul Kruger  - 1900-1902 Schalk Willem Burger (acting) History  - Established June 27, 1857  - British annexation 1877-1881... This article is about the Boer people (Boerevolk). ... Battle of Schuinshoogte Also known as Ingogo, was a battle fought on February 8th 1881 during the First Boer War. ... The skirmish at Majuba Hill (near Volksrust, South Africa) on 27 February 1881 was a convincing victory for the Boers. ...

• Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959), D.F. Malan, was a Prime Minister of South Africa. He is seen as the champion of Afrikaner nationalism, and his government started to implement apartheid policies. An ordained Dutch Reformed minister in Graaff-Reinet between 1912 and 1915. He is positioned 81st on the Top 100 Great South Africans list.

• Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe (5 December 1924 ; 27 February 1978) was a South African political dissident, who founded the Pan Africanist Congress in opposition to the Apartheid regime. Sobukwe was born in Graaff-Reinet. In 2004 Sobukwe was voted 42nd in the Top 100 Great South Africans.

• Dr. Beyers Naude anti-apartheid activist raised and matriculated here.In 2004, he was voted 36th in the Top 100 Great South Africans.

• Matthew Goniwe (1947-1985) Well known teacher and political activist in South Africa. His political involvement led to his arrest and conviction in 1977 under the Suppression of Communism Act and he was sentenced to 4 years in Prison. He taught at a local school in 1982. On 27 June 1985 Goniwe and 3 other activists, Fort Calata, Sparrow Mkonto and Sicelo Mhlauli who bacame known as the Cradock Four were killed and mutilated by unnamed members of the Security Forces.

• Cameron Muir Dugmore (16 September 1963 - ) was sworn in as MEC for Education in the Western Cape Province on 30 April, 2004. He attended the Union Primary School in Graaff Reinet.His father was Principal at Union High School.He has been a member of the Western Cape Provincial Executive of the African National Congress since 1993.

• Mzuvukile Jeff Maqetuka, who hails from Graaff-Reinet is the Director-General of Home Affairs. He was trained by the Stasi, the former secret police of Communist East Germany. Maqetuka previously served as the co-ordinator of intelligence in the National Intelligence Co-ordinating Committee. He went into exile in 1978 and completed his military training in Angola and was trained in the former German Democratic Republic.

THE SCIENCES Daniel François Malan Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959) was a Prime Minister of South Africa. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ... PAC symbol The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) (later the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania), was a South African liberation movement, that is now a minor political party. ... A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982. ... Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ... Christiaan Frederick Beyers Naudé (more commonly known as Beyers Naudé or simply Oom Bey (Uncle Bey) in Afrikaans) (10 May 1915 - 7 September 2004) was an Afrikaner-South African cleric, theologian and anti-apartheid activist. ... In response to an appeal by Albert Luthuli, the British Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was founded in London on 26 June 1959 at a meeting of South African exiles and their supporters [1]. Julius Nyerere would summarize its purpose: [2]. Originally called the Boycott Movement, it would expand its focus... Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ... Logo of East Germanys Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS or Stasi) / Ministry for State Security This article is about Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. ... “East Germany” redirects here. ...

• Andrew Geddes Bain roadbuilder, geologist and palaeontologist lived here.

• Francis Guthrie the Four Colour Theorem mathematician and botanist, lived here.

• Harry Bolus botanist and founder of the Bolus Herbarium, lived here.

• Andrew Geddes Bain (1797 - 20 October 1864), esteemed geologist, road engineer, palaeontologist and explorer. Lived in Graaff-Reinet. He built 8 Mountain passes including Michell’s Pass and Bain’s Kloof Pass. He can rightly be called the father of South African paleontology. His first fossil discovery was made in 1838. Famous for a fossil he discovered with a very impressive jaw filled with teeth which he named the "Blinkwater Monster". This fossil was later housed at the British Museum of Natural History.

• Thomas Charles Bain (29 September 1830–1893) became an even more famous road builder than his father and is the best known of the 19th-century road builders.Famous for his 24 mountain passes. He was born in Graaff-Reinet; the second son and seventh child of Andrew Geddes Bain.

• Professor James Leonard Brierley Smith (26 October 1897 – 7 January 1968) was a famous South African ichthyologist who was born in Graaff Reinet. He was the first to identify, in 1938, a captured fish as a coelacanth, at the time thought long extinct.

• Dr.Sidney Henry Southey Rubidge (31 May 1887 - 1970) Farmer on 'Wellwood' Farm in the district. His hobby of fossil collecting became so highly developed that it brought him world wide recognition for his contribution to science in the field of paleontology. In 1952 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of the Orange Free State for his work in this field. He built and maintained a fossil museum on 'Wellwood". This has come to be recognised as the finest private collection of Karoo fossils in the world. A founder of the Merino Ram Breeders' Association of South Africa and of what today is the National Wool Growers Association of South Africa.

• Johannes Jacobus (Joe) Brummer was born in Graaff Reinet on September 2, 1921. He was an economic geologist and one of the most successful mine finders ever. He was responsible for finding Cu mines in Zambia, Ni and Cu-Zn deposits in Manitoba as well as Zn and U deposits in Saskatchewan. Recipient of the Barlow Gold Medal (CIM) in 1978 and in 1984 the GAC awarded him the Duncan R. Derry medal for his major contributions to economic geology.

• Professor James William Kitching (6 February 1922 – 24 December 2003) who grew up in the district was a South African vertebrate palaeontologist and regarded as one of the world’s greatest fossil finders. He, together with James (Jim) Collinson, was the first person to identify and collect therapsid ("mammal-like reptile") fossils in the Antartic confirming the former continental link between southern Africa and Antarctica.

• William Smith is South Africa's best-known and most popular television science and mathematics teacher. He matriculated at Union High School in Graaff-Reinet.In 2004, he was voted 86th in the Top 100 Great South Africans.The coelacanth "living fossil" was discovered by Smith's father, Professor James Leonard Brierley Smith, a renowned ichthyologist.

• Pierre Terblanche, born in 1956 in Graaff-Reinet, was one of the designers of the Ducati 916. The Ducati 916 is an Italian sports motorcycle manufactured by Ducati from 1993 to 1999. He also worked on the Ducati 888 and the 916. He has been the director of design at Ducati since 1997.

ECONOMICS Andre Geddes Bain (1797- 1864), British geologist, was a native of Scotland. ... A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ... Example of a four color map The four color theorem states that every possible geographical map can be colored with at most four colors in such a way that no two adjacent regions receive the same colour. ... Example of a four color map The four color theorem states that every possible geographical map can be colored with at most four colors in such a way that no two adjacent regions receive the same colour. ... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Harry Bolus Harry Bolus April 28, 1834 - May 25, 1911 was a South African botanist and businessman. ... Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish. ... Families See text. ... Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be utilized for economic and/or industrial purposes. ... A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ... ... Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ... A Ducati 996 resting on a rear wheel stand The Ducati 916 is an Italian sports motorcycle manufactured by Ducati from 1993 to 1999. ...

• Anton Rupert Dr. Anthony Edward Rupert (4 October 1916 – 18 January 2006) was an Afrikaner-South African billionaire entrepreneur, businessman and conservationist. He was born and raised in Graaff-Reinet. In 2004, he was voted 28th in the Top 100 Great South Africans.

• GT Ferreira - well known banker and founder of First Rand Bank was raised and educated in Graaff-Reinet.

SPORT Dr. Anthony Edward Rupert (4 October 1916 – 18 January 2006) was an Afrikaner-South African billionaire entrepreneur, businessman and conservationist. ... Great South Africans was a South African television series that aired on SABC3 and hosted by Noeleen Maholwana Sangqu and Denis Beckett. ...

• Douglas Proudfoot, the first captain of the GRGC in 1894 was a legendary South African golfer before the turn of the previous century. He was the SA Amateur champion for seven years in a row from 1893 and again in 1902.

• Herbert Hayton Castens (23 November 1864 - October 18, 1929) Born in the village of Pearston neighbouring the Graaff-Reinet District. He is a former South African rugby union footballer, and cricketer. He was South Africa′s first ever rugby and cricket captain. On July 30 1891 he captained South Africa in their first ever rugby international, against the touring British Isles team. In 1896(?) a South African cricket tour to England was organised, with Castens appointed as the first ever South African cricket captain.

• Arthur Edward Ochse (born 11 March 1870 in Graaff-Reinet, Cape Colony, died 11 April 1918 in France) He was a South African cricketer who played two Tests for South Africa in 1888–89. Known to his team mates as ‘Okey’. Osche held a unique record in South African cricket history for well over one hundred years, being the youngest test cricketer selected for South Africa at 19 years and one day when he took the field for the first test.

• Louis Babrow (24 April 1915-26 January 2004) Famous Springbok rugby player. Babrow’s international career was a brief one - just one season with the Springboks, but it was a great enough one for him to be included in the 50 top Springboks of all-time in a recent book, The Chosen. The year in which he played was 1937 - when the Springboks became the first team to beat the All Blacks in New Zealand, a feat not equalled till 1971. During World War II he was awarded a Military Cross for gallantry at the Battle of El Alamein, when he was wounded. After the War, Babrow captained the British Empire XV against the Rest of the World. He attended Sacred Heart Convent in Graaff-Reinet.

• Pieter Kuyper (PK) Albertyn (Born 27.05.1897) Dutch Reformed minister in Graaff-Reinet between 1906 and 1921. Springbok rugby captain in 1924.

• Clarence Skelton Wimble, a South African cricketer, was born at Graaff-Reinet, Cape Colony, on April 22, 1861 and died in Johannesburg in the Transvaal on January 28, 1930, aged 68.

• Harry Smith - SA Heavyweight Boxing Champion, originally from Graaff-Reinet. He was born Frans Liebenberg, but as Harry Smith became one of the most popular figures of his era. In February 1913 he claimed the SA heavyweight title when he beat Williams on a fifth-round disqualification.

• Anthony Llewellyn Biggs(Dassie) Biggs a Springbok cricket player was born in Graaff Reinet on April 26, 1946. Selected as a Springbok for South Africa's cancelled tour to Australia in 1971-72.

• Arthur Martin Short. (September 27, 1947 - ) Born and still farming in Graaff-Reinet. An opening batsman, Arthur Short was twice selected as a Springbok, being named in the 1970 squad to tour England and the 1971-72 squad to tour Australia. Both trips were cancelled.

• Gletwynne Rubidge (1968) Springbok spearfisherman grew up and was educated at Union High School. He is going to Spain for the Euro Qualifications in 2007.

LITERATURE & THE ARTS First international  Australia 3 - 22 New Zealand  (15 August 1903) Largest win  New Zealand 145 - 17 Japan  (4 June 1995) Worst defeat  Australia 28 - 7 New Zealand  (28 August 1999) World Cup Appearances 5 (First in 1987) Best result Champions, 1987 This article is about the Rugby Union team. ... The Military Cross (MC) is the third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries. ... Sup G There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. ... Springbok colours were historically awarded to South African teams and individuals representing the country in international competition. ... // Dutch fishermen using tridents in the 17th century Night spear fishing, Amazon basin, Peru. ...

• Andrew Murray(Junior)(May 26, 1794 - June 24, 1866) was a Christian pastor who lived in Graaff Reinet. He served the local Dutch Reformed Church congregation from 1822 until his death in 1866. He was a champion of the South African Revival of 1860. Murray served as the first president of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Fellowship) and authored over 240 books.

• Helen Elizabeth Martins (23 December 1897 - 8 December 1976) is considered South Africa's foremost Outsider Artist. She is famous for her "Owl House" in the village of Nieu-Bethesda 50km away. She was schooled in Graaff-Reinet.

• Stephanus le Roux Marais,(1 February 1896 - 1979)- well-known Afrikaans organist, teacher and composer, lived in Graaff-Reinet.

• Anna Neethling-Pohl (1906-1992)is regarded as a legend and symbol of Afrikaans theatre. She was born in Graaff-Reinet. She performed in more than 50 stage works and lead roles. She translated 7 of Shakespeare's dramas into Afrikaans and published several novels for which she received the Langenhoven prize in 1926 and the Vaderland prize in 1937.

• David Botha was born in Graaff-Reinet in 1921. Botha was both painter and graphic artist, best known for his oil paintings of wet Cape street scenes – usually depicting scenes in Paarl and Stellenbosch.

He is considered to be an exponent of ‘Cape Impressionism’. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Adolf Wölflis Irren-Anstalt Band-Hain, 1910 The term Outsider Art was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for Art Brut (which literally translates as Raw Art or Rough Art), a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art created... A large arch with an owl at the peak at the Owl House Nieu-Bethesda is a small town in the Eastern Cape, approximiatly 50 km from Graaff Reinet. ...

• Dalene Matthee (October 13, 1938 - 20 February 2005) was a famous South African author who studied music at the Holy Cross Covent in Graaff-Reinet.

• Etienne van Heerden (1954) Well known writer grew up on a merino farm in the Graaff-Reinet district. He is the author of novels, short story collections, books of poetry, essays, cabaret collections and a theoretical book on postmodernism. He also is the Founder editor of the multi cultural South-African internet journal, LitNet and currently teaches at the University of Cape Town.

• Isobel Dixon (1969?)grew up and was schooled in Graaff-Reinet. Her poetry collection Weather Eye, won the Sanlam Prize and in 2005 was also awarded the Olive Schreiner Prize for the best volume of poetry by an emerging writer.

• Sonia Doubell (1981?)A London-based actress, model and singer. A stunning Bond girl in the James Bond film Die Another Day starring Pierce Brosnan. She attended Union High School for a short spell. She has performed live on the British television show, Top of the Pops. Also the lead singer of dance-music group Dark Monk, whose debut single made it to number one in the German dance charts.

OTHER Dalene Matthee (October 13, 1938 - 20 February 2005) was a South African author who wrote mainly in Afrikaans, although her books were translated into fourteen other languages, including English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Hebrew and Icelandic. ... This article is about the breed of sheep. ... The University of Cape Town, abbreviated as UCT, is a public university located on the Rhodes Estate on the slopes of Devils Peak, in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. ...

• "Patricia Roxborough," one of the leading female operatives in Israel's external intelligence agency, the Mossad. Patricia Roxborough – whose real name was Sylvia Raphael – was a Graaff-Reinet-born Christian with a Jewish father. Posing as a Canadian photojournalist, she was one of the first Mossad agents to penetrate Yasser Arafat's bases in Jordan and Lebanon in the 1960s. She was closely involved in Israel's partially successful attempts to track down the PLO terrorists responsible for the deaths of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics.

For the Haganah branch responsible for coordinating Jewish immigration into the British Mandate of Palestine, see Mossad Lealiyah Bet. ... Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ...

References

• JC Voight, Fifty Years of the History of the Republic in South Africa 1795-1845, vol. i. (London, 1899).

	v • d • e Municipalities and Communities of Cacadu District Municipality, Eastern Cape District Seat: Port Elizabeth
Local municipalities	Makana • Kouga • Ndlambe • Camdeboo • Sunday's River Valley • Blue Crane Route • Kou-Kamma • Baviaans • Ikwezi • Aberdeen Plain Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 581 pixelsFull resolution (1141 × 828 pixel, file size: 31 KB, MIME type: image/png) // File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Cacadu District Municipality (CDM) is situated in the Western Portion of the Eastern Cape province, covering an area of 58 242 square kilometres. ... Capital Bhisho Largest city Port Elizabeth Premier Nosimo Balindlela Area - Total Ranked 2nd 169,580 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 3rd 6,436,761 38/km² Languages Xhosa (83%) Afrikaans (9. ... Nickname: The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (blue) within the Eastern Cape (dark grey) within South Africa Coordinates: , Country Province Municipality Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality Founded 1820 Incorporated (Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality) 2001 Government  - Executive Mayor Nondumiso Maphazi  - Municipal Manager Graham Richards Area  - City 1,845 km²  (712. ... Municipalities in South Africa are a division of local government that lie one level down from provincial government, and form the lowest level of democratically elected government structures in the country. ... Ndlambe Municipality is an administrative area in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, with its capital at Port Alfred, that encompasses the towns of Kenton-on-Sea, Boknes, Bathurst, Boesmansriviermond, Alexandria and Cannon Rocks. ...
Cities and towns	Nieu-Bethesda • Graaff Reinet • Pearston • Aberdeen • Jansenville • Klipplaat • Steytlerville • Willowmore • Somerset East • Cookhouse • Joubertina • Storms River • Kareedouw • Humansdorp • Jeffreys Bay • St. Francis Bay • Kirkwood • Paterson Addo • Riebeeck East • Alicedale • Grahamstown • Bathurst • Alexandria • Port Alfred • Kenton-on-Sea • A large arch with an owl at the peak at the Owl House Nieu-Bethesda is a small town in the Eastern Cape, approximiatly 50 km from Graaff Reinet. ... Aberdeen is a small town in the Cacadu District Municipality of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. ... East Somerset was a parliamentary constituency in Somerset, represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system. ... Humansdorp is a small town and surrounding district in the Western Cape of South Africa, with a population of around 35,000 (COEGA,2002-3). ... Jeffreys Bay Beach Jeffreys Bay (Afrikaans: Jeffreysbaai) ( ) is a town located in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. ... Kirkwood is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. ... Grahamstown from Fort Selwyn Grahamstown is a city in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa and is the seat of the Makana municipality. ... Bathurst is about 12 kilometres inland from Port Alfred, on the road to Grahamstown, in the Eastern Cape province. ... Alexandria, South Africa, possibly established by Dutch Colonial Government in the late 18th Century but named as such in 1856 after Reverand Alexander Smith, is a small farming town in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and is situated 100 km North East of Port Elizabeth on the way to... Port Alfred is a small town in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. ... Kenton-on-Sea, more commonly known as Kenton, is a small coastal town on the Sunshine Coast, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. ...

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Coordinates: 32°15′08″S, 24°32′26″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...