Grain is a stream cipher designed for restricted hardware environments and submitted to eSTREAM in 2004 by Martin Hell, Thomas Johansson and Willi Meier. Jump to: navigation, search The operation of A5/1, a LFSR-based stream cipher used to encrypt mobile phone conversations. ... eSTREAM is a project to identify new stream ciphers that might become suitable for widespread adoption, organised by the EU ECRYPT network. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
An output stream of unlimited length is produced from an 80-bitkey and 64-bit IV. The internal state is 160 bits: an 80-bit LFSR, and an 80-bit NFSR. In each round, a tap from the NFSR and four from the LFSR are combined by a nonlinear combining function to produce a bit, which is exclusive ored with another tap from the NFSR to produce an output bit. A bit from the LFSR is also fed into the NFSR and both are clocked. The LFSR guarantees that Grain has a period of at least 280 -1. Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the unit of information. ... In cryptography, the key size (alternatively key length) is a measure of the number of possible keys which can be used in a cipher. ... In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) is a block of bits that is combined with the first block of data in any of several modes of a block cipher. ... A linear feedback shift register is a shift register whose input is the exclusive-or of some of its outputs. ... Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands (not both) is true. ...
The cipher is designed to allow up to 16 such steps to be carried out in parallel, allowing faster implementations at the cost of greater hardware use.
S. Khazaei et al mount a distinguishing attack on Grain [1].
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