NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia (Spanish for Greater Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831. Capital SantafÃ© de BogotÃ¡ Language(s) Spanish (de facto) Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic First President - 1810 JosÃ© Miguel Pey y GarcÃa de Andrade History - Independence Declared July 20, 1810 - Confederacy formed October 4, 1812 - Reconquest by Spain September 3, 1816 Currency Real Categories: | | | | | | | | | ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Barranquilla. ... This is the history of Venezuela. ... Image File history File links blank picture File links The following pages link to this file: Antioquia BoyacÃ¡ Cundinamarca BolÃvar Department Santander Department AtlÃ¡ntico Magdalena Department Amazonas Department, Colombia Arauca CaquetÃ¡ Casanare Cauca Cesar ChocÃ³ CÃ³rdoba Department GuainÃa Guaviare Huila Department Guajira Department Meta Department Nari... Real Audiencia de Quito, Real CÃ©dula de 1563 The Royal Audience of Quito or Audiencia Real de Quito (1563-1822) was created August 29, 1563 by the King Philip II of Spain in the city of Guadalajara. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Motto Libertad y Orden (Spanish: Liberty and Order) Location of the Republic of the New Granada shown in green Capital Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - Established October 20, 1831 - Bill of rightsÂ¹ 1853 - Constitutional Change April 11, 1858 Currency Peso Â¹ Abolition of slavery, and suffrage... Image File history File links Flag_of_Venezuela. ... For other uses, see Venezuela (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... Motto Dios, patria y libertad(Spanish) Pro Deo, Patria et Libertas(Latin) God, homeland and liberty Anthem Salve, Oh Patria We Salute You, Our Homeland Capital Quito Largest city Guayaquil Official languages Spanish Demonym Ecuadorian Government Republic - President Rafael Correa - Vice-President LenÃn Moreno Independence - from Spain May 24... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 534 pixelsFull resolution (1400 Ã— 935 pixel, file size: 219 KB, MIME type: image/png) Bandera de la Gran Colombia. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Command Standard of Francisco de Miranda, Mirandas Tricolour. ... The Coat of Arms of Colombia contains a shield with numerous symbols. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 765 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (778 Ã— 610 pixel, file size: 107 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Es: Mapa de la Gran Colombia En: Map of the Greater Colombia Fr: Carte de la Grande Colombie De: Diagramm des GroÃŸkolumbien File history Legend... Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. ... For other uses, see BogotÃ¡ (disambiguation). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

This short-lived republic in South America encompassed the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, as well as smaller parts of Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil and Guyana. Itself, along Mexico and the US were the three leading powers during the liberation years of the Americas. Its territory corresponded more or less to the jurisdiction of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, the Captaincy General of Venezuela and the Royal Audience of Quito. South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ... The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... This is the history of Venezuela. ... Real Audiencia de Quito, Real CÃ©dula de 1563 The Royal Audience of Quito or Audiencia Real de Quito (1563-1822) was created August 29, 1563 by the King Philip II of Spain in the city of Guadalajara. ...

Origin of the name

The official name at the time was the Republic of Colombia ( "Gran Colombia". Encyclopædia Britannica. (6 June 2007). ), as it is today; historians have adopted the term "Great Colombia" to distinguish the Republic before 1831 (with its more extensive land area) from that of the present-day Republic of Colombia.

The name "Colombia" comes from the name of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón in Spanish, Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) and was conceived by the revolutionary Francisco de Miranda as a reference to the New World, especially to all American territories and colonies under Spanish and Portuguese rule. Christopher Columbus (1451 â€“ May 20, 1506) was a navigator and colonialist who is one of the first Europeans to discover the Americas, after the Vikings. ... Francisco de Miranda SebastiÃ¡n Francisco de Miranda RodrÃguez (commonly known as Francisco de Miranda March 28, 1750 â€“ July 14, 1816) was a South American revolutionary whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but who is regarded as a forerunner of SimÃ³n Bol...

Geography

The Republic of Greater Colombia comprised the former territories of the Viceroyalty of the New Grenada, the Captaincy of Venezuela and the Audience of Quito (Present-day Ecuador).

History

Simón Bolívar, the Liberator of Spanish South America and other revolutionaries in the First Venezuelan Republic occasionally used the term Colombia as a reference to all of Spanish America, until the proclamation of a republic under that name in 1819 at the Congress of Angostura. This article is about the South American independence leader. ... The First Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Primera RepÃºblica de Venezuela) was founded by SimÃ³n de BolÃvar in 1811 during the Latin American wars of independence from Spain. ... Angostura was the name of the town in Eastern Venezuela that was renamed Ciudad Bolívar in 1846. ...

It was initially conceived at that Congress as a Federal republic, made up of three departments with capitals in the cities of Bogotá (Department of Cundinamarca), Caracas (Department of Venezuela), and Quito (Department of Quito). In that year, not all the provinces of the former viceroyalty were free yet. A map displaying todays federations. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see BogotÃ¡ (disambiguation). ... Nickname: La Sultana del Avila (English:The Avilas Sultan) La Sucursal del paraiso Motto: Ave MarÃa SantÃsima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ... For other uses, see Quito (disambiguation). ...

The constitution of the new republic was drafted in 1821 at the Congress of Cúcuta, establishing its capital in Bogotá. A great degree of centralisation was established here, as several convinced federalists now came to believe that it would be necessary in order to better manage a unified war effort, at least for the time being. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... El Congreso de CÃºcuta happened the August 30 of 1821 in the city of CÃºcuta. ... Centralization is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding decision-making, become concentrated within a particular location and/or group. ...

A new territorial division (Venezuela, Cundinamarca, and Quito were split into various smaller departments) was conceived. Simón Bolívar was elected president and Francisco de Paula Santander vice president. This article is about the South American independence leader. ... Francisco de Paula Santander (April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840), was one of the military and political leaders during Colombias (then known as New Granada) independence struggle (1810-1819). ...

In the first years of existence, Gran Colombia helped other provinces still at war with Spain to become independent - Panama came to the federation in 1821 and so did the remaining provinces of Quito and Venezuela.

The independence of Peru was consolidated later in 1824 through Gran Colombia's aid. Bolívar and Santander were re-elected in 1826.

Image File history File links Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress. ... Image File history File links Santiago_Martinez_Delgado_in_the_colombian_congress. ... Master Santiago Martinez Delgado. ... El Congreso de CÃºcuta happened the August 30 of 1821 in the city of CÃºcuta. ...

Federalists against separatists

As the war against Spain came to an end, federalist and regionalist sentiments began to arise once again. Permanent calls for modifications of the political division (along with related economic and commercial disputes) during the existence of Greater Colombia, as a result of local confrontations between the regions, led to local changes and compromises.

These changes never fully pleased contemporaries and little permanent consolidation was achieved, showing the instability of the state's structure.

Bolívar dreamt of uniting Latin America but was unable to achieve this during the struggle for independence. The Republic of Gran Colombia was his initial attempt at creating a single Latin American state.

Other regional and Latin American politicians, however, objected to his idea, and Bolívar, disgruntled, resigned from the project in 1828 and from his presidency in early 1830.

Internal political strife between the different regions intensified after Bolívar's resignation and continued even as General Rafael Urdaneta temporarily took power in Bogotá, attempting to use his authority to ostensibly restore order and give the presidency back to Bolívar. Hero of the Latin American war for independence, Rafael JosÃ© Urdaneta y FarÃa was born on October 24th, 1788, in the province of Maracaibo in Venezuela from an aristocratic family of spanish descent. ...

The federation finally dissolved during the rest of 1830 and was formally abolished in 1831, as Venezuela, Ecuador and New Granada came to exist as independent states.

War with Peru

Map of Peru and Gran Colombia in 1828 The first international conflict which the rising Republic of Peru had to face, was against the Gran Colombia (modern-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela), due to the claim that nation had made to the territories of JaÃ©n and...

Dissolution

The dissolution of Gran Colombia characterized the failure of Bolívar's dream. The Department of Cundinamarca (as established in Angostura) became a new country, the Republic of New Granada. In 1863, New Granada changed its name officially to United States of Colombia, and in 1886 adopted its present day name: Republic of Colombia. Panama remained as a province of this country until 1903, when – with backing from the United States in exchange for allowing the US to build the Panama Canal – it became independent. Capital BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - Established 1863 - Rionegro Constitution 1863 - Disestablished 1886 The United States of Colombia is the name adopted in 1863 through the Rionegro Constitution for the nation which had been known as the Republic of New Grenada since the dissolution of the federation of... Two Panamax running the Miraflores Locks The Panama Canal (Spanish: ) is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central America, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. ...

With the exception of Panama (which as mentioned only achieved independence later), the countries that were created have similar flags, reminiscent of the flag of Gran Colombia:

See United Provinces of Central America, Nordic countries, and Arab nationalism for more examples of regions whose nations possess similar flags because of historical connections. Image File history File links Flag_of_Colombia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Venezuela_(state). ... Capital Guatemala City; in 1834 moved to San Salvador Created 1823 Dissolved 1840 Demonym Centroamerican The United Provinces of Central America (UPCA) was a country that existed in Central America from July 1823 to approximately 1840. ... Political map of the Nordic countries and associated territories. ... Arab nationalism refers to a common nationalist ideology in wider Arab world. ...

Government

Under the Constitution of 1821, the President was the head of the executive power. and its time in office was the lifetime of the incumbent. The executive power had also Vicepresidents that assumed in case of death, demotion or illness of the President. Before the Aproval of the Constitution of 1821 by the Congress of Villa del Rosario the President de Facto was Simon Bolívar, and the Vicepresident Francisco de Paula Santander, because the Congress of Angostura provisionally gave them that title until the Constitution was written. SimÃ³n JosÃ© Antonio de la SantÃsima Trinidad BolÃvar y Palacios (July 24, 1783 â€“ December 17, 1830) was a South American revolutionary leader. ... Francisco de Paula Santander (April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840), was one of the military and political leaders during Colombias (then known as New Granada) independence struggle (1810-1819). ... Angostura was the name of the town in Eastern Venezuela that was renamed Ciudad Bolívar in 1846. ...

Presidents of the Republic of Gran Colombia (1819-1831)

class="preview" id="pv104"> This article is about the South American independence leader. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz de SantamarÃa (born August 4, 1783 in Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ â€“ died July 1, 1943 in Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡) was a Colombian statesman who served as Vice-president of Greater Colombia and the Republic of New Granada, and due to the absence of... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... JoaquÃn Mariano Mosquera y Arboleda (born December 14, 1787, PopayÃ¡n â€“ died April 4, 1878, BogotÃ¡) was a Colombian statesman who served as President of Greater Colombia in two occasions between 1830 and 1831. ... is the 164th day of the year (165th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Hero of the Latin American war for independence, Rafael JosÃ© Urdaneta y FarÃa was born on October 24th, 1788, in the province of Maracaibo in Venezuela from an aristocratic family of spanish descent. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by EugÃ¨ne Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Domingo de Caycedo y Sanz de SantamarÃa (born August 4, 1783 in Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ â€“ died July 1, 1943 in Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡) was a Colombian statesman who served as Vice-president of Greater Colombia and the Republic of New Granada, and due to the absence of... is the 123rd day of the year (124th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Leopold I 1831 (MDCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

Command Standard of Francisco de Miranda, Mirandas Tricolour. ... Capital Guatemala City; in 1834 moved to San Salvador Created 1823 Dissolved 1840 Demonym Centroamerican The United Provinces of Central America (UPCA) was a country that existed in Central America from July 1823 to approximately 1840. ... Capital Tacna Created 1836 Dissolved 1839 Demonym Peru-bolivian The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was a short-lived state that existed in South America between the years 1836 and 1839. ...

External links

While perhaps the last continent--except Antarctica-- to be inhabited by humans, South America has a history that spans the full range of human cultural and civilizational forms. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... The history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Amerindians. ... Image File history File links South_America. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... // Pre-colonial French Guiana was originally inhabited by a number of Native American peoples, among them the Carib, Arawak, Emerillon, Galibi, Palikour, Wayampi (also known as Oyampi) and Wayana. ... XVII-XIX Century The South Atlantic island of South Georgia, situated south of the Antarctic Convergence, was the first Antarctic territory ever discovered. ... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Categories: Former countries in South America | Former republics | 1819 establishments | 1831 disestablishments | History of Colombia | History of Ecuador | History of Panama | History of Venezuela | South American wars of independence | Short-lived states For more information about Venezuela you can also visit the Venezuela portal. ... Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. ... The fauna of Venezuela consists of a huge variety of unique animals; some 23% of reptilian and 50% of amphibian species that inhabit the country are endemic to Venezuela. ... The flora of Venezuela consists of a huge variety of unique plants; around 38% of the estimated 21,000 species of plants found in the country are endemic to Venezuela. ... List of national parks of Venezuela: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... Venezuelas states, capital district, and federal dependencies have been grouped into administrative regions since a 1969 decree on regionalization that institutionalized a process of region development. ... This is a list of cities in Venezuela. ... Venezuela is divided into 23 states (estados), 1 Capital District (Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales de Ultramar) that consist of a large number of Venezuelan islands. ... This is the history of Venezuela. ... The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... This is the history of Venezuela. ... By means of the signing of the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence on July 5, 1811, Venezuelans of the time took the decision, supported by several politicians, of breaking away from the Kingdom of Spain and to build a new nation to split the premises of equality between individuals, abolition of... The Venezuelan War of Independence in 1811-1812 was Venezuelas first war for independence from Spanish colonial rule. ... BolÃvars War is a term coined by some historians to refer to a series of independence wars in South America from 1811 to 1825 led by General SimÃ³n BolÃvar. ... The Battle of Carabobo was fought between South American independence fighters, led by SimÃ³n BolÃvar, and royalist forces seeking to preserve Spanishs American empire. ... Combatants Federalists Centralists Commanders Ezequiel Zamora, Juan CrisÃ³stomo FalcÃ³n Antonio Guzman Blanco JosÃ© Antonio PÃ¡ez JuliÃ¡n Castro The Federal War (Spanish: Guerra Federal), was a civil war (1859â€“1863) in Venezuela between the conservative party and the liberal party about the monopoly of the conservatives of... Venezuelas declared priorities in the international arena are: Respect for human rights; The right of all people to self-determination; Nonintervention in the internal affairs of other nations; Peaceful settlement of disputes between nations, including border disputes; The right of all people to peace and security; and Support for... The Bolivarian Missions are a series of social justice, social welfare, anti-poverty, educational, electoral and military recruiting programs implemented under the administration of the current Venezuelan president Hugo ChÃ¡vez. ... The National Assembly (Spanish Asamblea Nacional) is the current legislative branch of the Venezuelan government. ... The President of Venezuela (Spanish: Presidente de Venezuela) is both the head of state and head of government of Venezuela. ... The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo de Justicia) is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. ... It has been suggested that ONIDEX be merged into this article or section. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Elections in Venezuela gives information on election and election results in Venezuela. ... Political parties in Venezuela lists political parties in Venezuela. ... The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: Movimiento V [Quinta] RepÃºblica, MVR) is a left-wing political party in Venezuela which was founded by Hugo ChÃ¡vez, the current President of Venezuela. ... Democratic Action (Spanish: AcciÃ³n DemocrÃ¡tica, abbreviated as AD) is a Venezuelan social democratic political party. ... Copei - Social Christian Party of Venezuela (Copei, Partido Social Cristiano de Venezuela) is a political party in Venezuela. ... For Social Democracy (Por la Democracia Social) is a left-wing political party in Venezuela. ... PCV logo Communist Party of Venezuela (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Venezuela) a communist political party in Venezuela. ... The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: , PSUV) is a proposed political party in Venezuela. ... A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) is a political party of social democracy in Venezuela. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 2. ... This is a list of Venezuelan companies, corporations, and enterprises. ... This is the list of all those organizations clasifieds on his working areas: // Atabapo Express RL List of Venezuelan Companies SUNACOOP Website Category: ... Extensive inoculation programs and the availability of low- or no-cost health care provided by the Venezuelan Institute of Social Security have made Venezuelas health care infrastructure one of the more advanced in Latin America. ... ISO 4217 Code VEB User(s) Venezuela Inflation 16% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... The Venezuelan people have a very rich and very diverse cultural heritage. ... Sample of an arepa. ... The Demographics of Venezuela are the condition and overview of Venezuelas peoples. ... // Racial and Cultural Identity The term mestizaje [1], addresses a nation-building ideology, present in the collective imagination of the cultural and racial panorama. ... The table below shows a list of the most notable holidays in Venezuela. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Venezuelan Joropo. ... Picture of a mayflower orchid. ... This is a list of Venezuelans that are famous or notable. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Colombia. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia. ... // Main article: Indigenous peoples in Colombia The Zipa used to cover his body in gold and, from his raft, he offered treasures to the Guatavita goddess in the middle of the sacred lake. ... This is a timeline of Colombian history. ... The Indigenous peoples in Colombia (pueblos indÃgenas in Spanish) comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who inhabited the countrys present territory prior to its discovery by Europeans around 1500. ... Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations refers to the conquest by the Spanish monarchy of the Chibchan speaking nations, mainly the Muiscas and Taironas that inhabited what is nowadays Colombia to eventually begin the Spanish colonization of the Americas. ... New Kingdom of Granada Capital Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ Language(s) Spanish Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy Historical era Spanish Empire - Established 16th century - Disestablished 1819 Currency Real The New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Nuevo Reino de Granada) was the name given to a group of 16th century Spanish colonial... The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ... BolÃvars War is a term coined by some historians to refer to a series of independence wars in South America from 1811 to 1825 led by General SimÃ³n BolÃvar. ... Capital SantafÃ© de BogotÃ¡ Language(s) Spanish (de facto) Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic First President - 1810 JosÃ© Miguel Pey y GarcÃa de Andrade History - Independence Declared July 20, 1810 - Confederacy formed October 4, 1812 - Reconquest by Spain September 3, 1816 Currency Real Categories: | | | | | | | | | ... Motto: Libertad y Orden (Spanish: Liberty and Order) Location of the Republic of the New Granada shown in green Capital Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - The Granadine Convention stablishes the new Federal Republic. ... Motto: Libertad y Orden (Spanish: Liberty and Order) Location of the Granadine Confederation shown in green Capital Santa Fe de BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic President - 1858-1861 Mariano Ospina RodrÃguez - 1861 BartolomÃ© Calvo - 1861-1863 TomÃ¡s Cipriano de Mosquera History - New constitution May 22, 1858 - Constitutional... Capital BogotÃ¡ Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - Established 1863 - Rionegro Constitution 1863 - Disestablished 1886 The United States of Colombia is the name adopted in 1863 through the Rionegro Constitution for the nation which had been known as the Republic of New Grenada since the dissolution of the federation of... Combatants Colombian Liberal Party Colombian Conservative Party Commanders Rafael Uribe Uribe BenjamÃn Herrera PrÃ³spero PinzÃ³n RamÃ³n GonzÃ¡lez Valencia Pedro Nel Ospina The Thousand Days War (1899-1902) (Spanish: Guerra de los Mil Dias), was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia... The Separation of Panama from Colombia Spanish: (November 3, 1903) refers to the separation and independence of the Department of Panama from the Republic of Colombia to create the Republic of Panama. ... Colombia-Peru War theater of operations. ... La Violencia (literally The Violence, in Spanish) is a term that refers to an era of civil conflict in Colombia between supporters of the Colombian Liberal PartybobColombian Conservative Party, a conflict which took place roughly from 1948 to 1958 (exact dates vary). ... National Front (Spanish: 1958-1974) was a period in the history of Colombia in which the two main political parties; Liberal Party and Conservative Party agreed to let the opposite party govern, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. ... Colombian Armed Conflict or Colombian Civil War are terms that are employed to refer to the current low intensity conflict in Colombia that has existed since approximately 1964 or 1966, which was when the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and later the National Liberation Army (ELN) were founded and... Plate tectonics within Colombia. ... The Natural Regions of Colombia are five natural regions comprised by primarily the Colombian Andes mountain range pertaining to the Andes, the Caribbean region pertaining to the area contiguous to the Caribbean sea, the Pacific region contiguous to the Pacific Ocean, the Amazon region part of the Amazon rainforest and... Caribbean Region The Caribbean Region or Caribbean Coast Region is a natural region of Colombia mainly composed of eight departments located near the Caribbean Sea coast. ... Map of Colombia subdivided into five regions; The Pacific Region covering the western part of the country bordering the Pacific Ocean. ... The Andean Region of Colombia is the most populated zone of the country and is located in north part of the Andes. ... The Amazon Region in Colombia The AmazonÃa Region is a region in southern Colombia. ... Map of Colombia subdivided into five regions; The OrinoquÃa Region covering the eastern part of the country, predominantly plains. ... Insular Region The Insular Region is considered by some as a geopolitical region of Colombia which comprises the areas outside the continental territories of Colombia and includes the San AndrÃ©s y Providencia Department in the Caribbean sea and the Malpelo and Gorgona Islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... Map of Colombia This is a list of cities and towns in Colombia: Arauca, Arauca Armenia Barrancabermeja, Santander Barranquilla, AtlÃ¡ntico Bello, Antioquia BogotÃ¡ or BogotÃ¡ D.C.(Capital) Bucaramanga, Santander Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca Cali or Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca Cartagena de Indias, BolÃvar CÃºcuta... The Atrato River of Northwestern Colombia This is a list of rivers in Colombia. ... The Pink Dolphin of Amazon river is an endangered specie The Fauna of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide[1]. // Yellow-eared parrot is an endemic specie which only lives in a 20km2 area in Cocora valley Colombia has... The Flora of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide. ... Environmental issues in Colombia was codified in the 1991 constitution with new environmental protection legislation, including the creation of specially protected zones, of which more than 200 were created in the early 1990s, mostly in forest areas and national parks. ... The Executive Branch of Government in Colombia is one of the three branches of the government of Colombia under the Constitutional provision of separation of powers. ... List of Heads of State (Presidents etc. ... The Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Colombia upon certain absences or death, resignation, or removal of the President. ... The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Colombia is part of the excecutive power, and according to the presidential orientation of the Colombian Constitution of 1991, its a cabinet of advicers to the President of Colombia. ... The Government entities of Colombia (Spanish: ) are entities of the government of Colombia. ... Congress (Spanish: Congreso) is the name given to Colombias bicameral national legislature. ... The Senate (Spanish: Senado) is the upper house of the Congress of Colombia. ... The Chamber of Representatives (Spanish: CÃ¡mara de Representantes) is the lower house of the Congress of Colombia. ... Superior Council of Judicature (Spanish: ) is Colombian institution part of the judicial branch of Colombia in charge of adopting a yearly report which is presented to the Congress of Colombia with a detailed report on justice handling in Colombia. ... Not to be confused with Inspector General of Colombia. ... The Supreme Court of Colombia is the highest judicial body in Colombia and leads the judicial branch of the Government of Colombia. ... The Constitutional Court of Colombia is the highest entity in the judicial branch of government in the Republic of Colombia in charge of safeguarding the integrity and supremacy of the Colombian Constitution of 1991 within the Constitutional laws. ... Not to be confused with Attorney General of Colombia. ... Location of the urban area of Bogota (red) and the Capital District (dark gray) within the Cundinamarca Department. ... Colombia is a unitary republic conformed by 32 departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. ... Below the departments Colombia is divided into municipalities (municipios). ... Corregimiento is a term used in Colombia to define a subdivision of Colombian departments. ... Colombia seeks diplomatic and commercial relations with all countries, regardless of their ideologies or political or economic systems. ... The Colombian National Police (Spanish: PolicÃa Nacional de Colombia) is the national police force of the Republic of Colombia. ... Constitutional Reforms Colombias present constitution, enacted on July 4, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an accusatorial system which ultimately is to replace entirely the existing Napoleonic Code. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Elections in Colombia gives information on election and election results in Colombia. ... This article is part of or related to the Liberalism series Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Liberalism by country | Colombian political parties ... Bolivar is the image in which conservatism in Colombia creates its ideologies: the ideals of this great character were used by many years on the different conservative movements. ... Guerrilla movements in Colombia refers to the origins, development and actions of guerrilla movements in the Republic of Colombia. ... Paramilitarism in Colombia refers to the origin and development of paramilitary groups in Colombia during the 20th century. ... Communications in Colombia Telephones - main lines in use: 7,500. ... List of Colombian companies: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... ISO 4217 Code COP User(s) Colombia Inflation 4. ... Family in absolute poverty. ... Demographics of Colombia, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The largest concentration of people of Colombian origin in a foreign country is located in Queens Emigration from Colombia is determined by economic, social, and security issues linked mainly to the Colombian armed conflict. ... The Caro y Cuervo Institute in BogotÃ¡ promotes the good use of spanish in Colombia The Colombian spanish language is the variation of Spanish language spoken in Colombia, which have some distinctive features in comparison to the Spanish spoken in Spain and in other countries of Latin America. ... Health care in Colombia refers to the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions in the Republic of Colombia. ... Metropolitan Areas of Colombia is the name of the regions conformed legally by an urban center and some metropolitan municipalities in the Republic of Colombia. ... According to the U.S. Department of Stateâ€™s 2003 human rights report, Colombiaâ€™s human rights record, despite significant improvements by police and military forces in some areas, remained poor. ... Stacks of Cocaine. ... // Key issues in the water and sanitation sector in Colombia include: (i) insufficient service coverage, in particular in rural areas; (ii) inadequate quality of water and sanitation services. ... Gabriel GarcÃa MÃ¡rquez (b. ... CENICAFE is an important center in Colombian coffee research Science and technology in Colombia refers to the development of scientific research and technological innovation in Colombia, and how these in turn affect Colombian society, politics, and culture. ... The research of Malaria and other tropical diseases are important health issues in Colombia. ... The Architecture of Colombia is, with the exception of that of the indigenous peoples, closely linked to the techniques and styles developed in Europe and more recently with the United States. ... Estudiante Muerto by Alejandro ObregÃ³n, oil on canvas, 1956. ... Poporo Quimbaya, phytomorphic (fruit-shaped) lime container, gold, 300 BCE - 1000 CE. Colombian handicraft history can be traced back to the stone age to the lithic instruments in El Abra stadial. ... // The first meal of the day is breakfast and is eaten upon rising. ... Bogota colombia (Spanish:Carnaval de BogotÃ¡) in August 6 for the citys centenary of Hispanic foundation, includes masquerades, krewes and dances parades at the same time or after 5 days takes place the Summer festival which is a group of activities, concerts and sports events in all the city... Carnaval de Barranquilla Marimonda characters. ... Nobel Prize winner in Literature, Gabriel Garcia Marquez for his masterpiece One Hundred Years of Solitude The Colombian literature, as an expression of the Culture of Colombia, is halfblooded, tropical and diverse due to the struggle between the Spanish, African and Native American heritages. ... Modern Colombian music is a mixture of African, native Indigenous and European (especially Spanish) influences, as well as more modern American and Caribbean musical forms, such as Trinidadian, Cuban, and Jamaican. ... The following are public holidays in Colombia: Ano Nuevo (New Years Day) (January 1) DÃa de los Reyes Magos (Epiphany) (January 6*) DÃa de San JosÃ© (St. ... Map of Colombia Tourism in Colombia has grown in the last few years with the increase in safety and growth in the economy. ... The nationa symbols of Colombia represent the identity of the South American country of Colombia. ... Chia Goddess Preliminary Sketch by Alonso Neira Martinez Muisca mythology refers to the precolumbian beliefs of the muisca culture about the origin and organization of the universe. ... The Chapinero LGBT Communitary Center LGBT Topics in Colombia: There is no complete statistical studies about the amount of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual or Transgendered people in Colombia. ... Occidente tunnel, Antioquia. ...

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