 Stephenson GAR Memorial, Washington, D.C. The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War. The GAR was among the first organized interest groups in American politics. It was succeeded by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW). GAR memorial Memorial to the Grand Army of the Republic, Washington, D.C. Photo by user Hephaestos released into the public domain. ...
A fraternal organization, sometimes also known as a fraternity, is an organization that represents the relationship between its members as akin to brotherhood. ...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
Advocacy is an umbrella term for organized activism related to a particular set of issues. ...
Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) is the legal successor to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). ...
History The GAR was founded by Benjamin F. Stephenson, M.D., on April 6, 1866, in Decatur, Illinois. Its organization was based partly on the traditions of Freemasonry, and partly on military tradition; it was divided into "Departments" at the state level and "Posts" at the community level, and military-style uniforms were worn by its members. There were posts in every state in the U.S., and several posts overseas. is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
The Decatur Transfer House in the background with a newly completed fountain in the foreground. ...
“Freemasons†redirects here. ...
The organization wielded considerable political clout nationwide. Between 1868 and 1908, no Republican was nominated to the presidency without a GAR endorsement. In 1868, General Order #11 of the GAR called for May 30 to be designated as a day of memorial for Union veterans; originally called "Decoration Day," this later evolved into the U.S. national Memorial Day holiday. The GAR was also active in pension legislation, establishing retirement homes for soldiers, and many other areas which concerned Union veterans. The influence of the GAR led to the creation of the Old Soldiers' Homes of the late 19th century, which evolved into the current United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...
is the 150th day of the year (151st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Memorial Day is a United States federal holiday that is observed on the last Monday of May (observed this year on 2007-05-28). ...
Many of the original old soldiers homes were constructed in high Victorian style, like the New Hampshire Soldiers Home in Tilton, New Hampshire. ...
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. ...
The GAR created the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) in 1881 to ensure the preservation of their own mission after Union war veterans had all died. The GAR also generated several auxiliary organizations such as the National Woman's Relief Corps[1], Ladies of the GAR[2], and Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, 1861-1865, many of which are still active. A comparable organization for Confederate veterans was the United Confederate Veterans. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) is the legal successor to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). ...
Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial) Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia (May 29, 1861–April 2, 1865) Danville, Virginia (from April 3, 1865) Language(s) English (de facto) Religion...
The United Confederate Veterans, also known as the UCV, was a veterans organization for former Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War, and was equivalent to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) which was the organization for Union veterans. ...
There was some controversy over the fact that the membership badge of the GAR closely resembled the Army's version of the Medal of Honor, causing confusion and animosity among veterans. The issue was resolved with a re-design of the latter in 1896. The United States Army is the largest and oldest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ...
The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States. ...
The GAR reached its largest enrollment in 1890, with 490,000 members. It held an annual "National Encampment" every year from 1866 to 1949. In 1956, after the death of the last member, Albert Woolson, the GAR was formally dissolved. Its records went to the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., and its badges, flags, and official seal went to the Smithsonian Institution. Albert H. Woolson Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1847? – August 2, 1956), was the last surviving member of the Union Army, which fought in the American Civil War. ...
Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ...
For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...
The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...
Memorials
 The members of Charles W. Carroll Post 144 pose on the steps of the Norfolk County Courthouse in Dedham, Massachusetts on Dedham's 250th anniversary. - There is a GAR cemetery in Portland, Oregon. Salmon Brown, son of John Brown (of the song "John Brown's Body") is buried there.
- Another GAR cemetery is on Seattle, Washington's Capitol Hill, just north of Lake View Cemetery. Established in 1895, it was turned over to the Parks Department in 1922.[3]
- A monumental memorial honoring Benjamin F. Stephenson, M.D., stands near the National Archives building and the Navy Memorial in Washington, D.C.[4][5] The GAR Memorial Foundation erected the monument using funds that the U.S. Congress had appropriated in 1907. The memorial was dedicated in 1909.[6]
- U.S. Highway 6 is known as the Grand Army of the Republic Highway for its entire length.[7]
- Cornelius S. Chase Post 50 was in Titusville, Pennsylvania and its original charter and some documents, including its handwritten by-laws are on display at the Cleo J. Ross Post 368 American Legion in Titusville.
- There is a Grand Army of the Republic Conference Room at the Wisconsin State Capital in Madison, Wisconsin.
- G.A.R. Memorial High School is in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.
- A GAR memorial and several gravesites are in Union Ridge Cemetery Norwood_Park, Chicago.
- a GAR memorial is in Greenwood Cemetery in Bemidji, Minnesota.
- A cemetery with the graves of several GAR members who were former slaves originally from Tennessee is southwest of Murphysboro, Illinois.
Theodore Penland was the last National Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic and one of the last surviving Union Army veterans of the American Civil War. He served as a Private in the state troops of Indiana, but from this low rank rose to command of an organization that, at its height in 1891, had numbered a half million members. He became a symbol of the American transition from a predominantly rural federation to the strongest nation in the free world, as the evolution to hegemony took place during his lifetime. Image File history File links GARcourthouse. ...
Image File history File links GARcourthouse. ...
Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Norfolk County Settled 1635 Incorporated 1636 Government - Type Representative town meeting - Town Administrator Bill Keegan - Board of Selectmen Marie-Loise Kehoe Mike Butler James MacDonald Carmen DelloIocono Dennis Teehan Area - Town 10. ...
The Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery in Portland, Oregon, United States, contains burials of American Civil War veterans. ...
Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government - Mayor Tom Potter[1] - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area - City 376. ...
// John Brown may refer to: John Brown (Australian magnate) (1850–1930), a mining magnate in New South Wales, Australia; known as the “Coal Baron†John Brown (Australian politician), the Member for Parramatta in the Australian House of Representatives from 1977 to 1990 John Brown (tennis), professional tennis player in the...
The Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery on Seattle, Washingtons Capitol Hill is situated just north of Lake View Cemetery on the hills northern slope, on E. Howe Street between 12th and Everett Avenues E. It was established in 1895 by Seattles five Grand Army of the...
Seattle redirects here. ...
Capitol Hill Capitol Hill is the second most densely populated neighborhood in Seattle, Washington, United States, after Belltown (the north part of downtown). ...
Lake View Cemetery is a cemetery located on Seattle, Washington, USAs Capitol Hill just north of Volunteer Park, so named because of its view of Lake Washington to the east. ...
For other uses, see Monument (disambiguation). ...
The memorial at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Hawaii commemorates American dead from wars in the Pacific. ...
The National Archives building in Washington, DC The United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records. ...
The United States Navy Memorial at 7th Street between Pennsylvania Avenue and Indiana Avenue in Washington, D.C. honors those who have served, and are currently serving, in the Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and the Merchant Marine. ...
Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...
An appropriation bill or supply bill is a legislative motion which authorizes the government to spend money. ...
MAJOR JUNCTIONS JUNCTION MILEPOST California US-395 INY 0. ...
Wilkes-Barre (IPA: , , or [1]) is the central city of the Wyoming Valley and county seat of Luzerne County in northeastern Pennsylvania. ...
Union Ridge is a neighborhood in the Norwood Park community area, on the northwest side of Chicago, Illinois, bounded by Bryn Mawr, Foster, Nagle, and Harlem Avenues. ...
Norwood Park is a middle-class neighborhood on the far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois. ...
Bemidji is a city located in Beltrami County, Minnesota. ...
Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Theodore Penland Theodore Augustus Penland, the last commander of the GAR, was born on January 23, 1849 in New Paris, Indiana (Elkhart County), but was a resident of Portland, Oregon at the time of his death in nearby Vancouver, Washington at the age of 101. When he died on September 13, 1950 there were only eight other surviving Union Army veterans: Joseph Clovese, Hiram Randall Gale, Lansing A Wilcox, Douglas T Story, Israel Adam Broadsword, William Allen Magee, James Albert Hard, and Albert Henry Woolson. With two wives, both named Elizabeth, Penland had ten children, and at the time of his death had almost fifty living descendants. New Paris is a census-designated place located in Elkhart County, Indiana. ...
Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government - Mayor Tom Potter[1] - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area - City 376. ...
For other uses, see Vancouver (disambiguation). ...
Penland enlisted in the Union Army at Goshen, Indiana in early 1865 and served with Company A of the 152nd Indiana Infantry. He served guard duty along the Potomac River and was discharged at Charlestown, West Virginia on August 2, 1865. While his service was short and undramatic, his family's contributions to the war had been extreme. His father John Penland, born March 21, 1817, died January 4, 1863 (age 45 years) as a result of wounds received in the Battle of Stone's River Campaign, Murfreesboro, TN. His grave marker in the Stones River National Cemetery is in Section: D, Grave Number: 1444. Two of his brothers, also Union Army soldiers, were imprisoned at Andersonville Prison and died shortly after the end of the war. The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
Goshen (IPA: ) is a city of about 30,000 people located about 100 miles east of Chicago and 30 miles east of South Bend in the northern Indiana region known as Michiana in the United States. ...
For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States (USA). ...
Charles Town is a city in Jefferson County, West Virginia USA. The population was 2,907 at the 2000 census. ...
Battle of Stones River / Battle of Murfreesboro II Conflict American Civil War Date December 31, 1862 - January 2, 1863 Place Murfreesboro, Tennessee Result Both sides claim victory, but the Confederate Army withdraws The Battle of Stones River or Murfreesboro II, was a battle fought in the American Civil War. ...
Murfreesboro is a city located in Rutherford County, Tennessee. ...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
The Andersonville prison, located at Camp Sumter, was the largest Confederate military prison during the American Civil War. ...
His post-war vocations of farming and railroad work, and the lure of adventure, drew him repeatedly to the American West. In 1868 he walked from Indiana to California, lived briefly in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and took up residence in both Sacramento, California and Nevada. He worked in the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the Union Pacific Railroad through 1869 when the golden spike completed the transcontinental line at Promontory Point. After a brief return to Indiana, his other residences included Michigan, Los Angeles, San Diego, and, ultimately, Portland; he continued world travels to Australia and New Zealand, and later retraced his transcontinental walks by journeys in airplanes. For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Nickname: Location in Wyoming Coordinates: , Country State County Laramie Founded 1867 Government - Mayor Jack R. Spiker Area - City 21. ...
Sacramento redirects here. ...
This article is about the U.S. State of Nevada. ...
This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ...
The Union Pacific Railroad (AAR reporting marks UP) (NYSE: UNP), headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. ...
1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Ex-Virginia and Truckee Railroad No. ...
Ogden sign over Washington Boulevard at the Ogden River; toward downtown Ogden is the county seat of Weber County,GR6 Utah, United States. ...
For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro area Metro Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 491 miles (790 km) - % water 41. ...
Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ...
San Diego redirects here. ...
Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government - Mayor Tom Potter[1] - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area - City 376. ...
Throughout his long life he remained vitally interested in veterans' affairs and in the fraternal and charitable activities of the Grand Army of the Republic. He attended battlefield reunions at Gettysburg as well as National and Department Encampments of the GAR. As one of the final survivors, he held the top office of Commander in the Department of Oregon from 1935 until his death, and was a national GAR officer from 1941 until his death. His obituary claimed he held membership in thirty-two patriotic orders including the GAR. Gettysburg Map The Gettysburg Battlefield was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, fought July 1 to July 3, 1863, in and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the county seat of Adams County, which had approximately 2,400 residents at the time. ...
At the last National Encampment of the GAR in Indianapolis, Indiana, 1949, the six surviving members agreed to assume office for the remainder of their lives; Penland, Commander-in-Chief since 1948, would continue as such for only another year. Indianapolis redirects here. ...
Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
According to his obituary, Penland enjoyed giving talks on his experiences in the Civil War, of the time he saw President Abraham Lincoln, and on the virtues of "living carefully". His distinctive singing voice was a feature of GAR firesides, with a favorite reportedly "Tenting On The Old Camp Ground." Reportedly he liked talking and singing on the radio - a signal accomplishment for one born in the age of telegraphy - and speaking with young people. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...
For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ...
In popular culture John Steinbeck's East of Eden features several references to the Grand Army of the Republic. Despite having no actual battle experience during his brief military career, Adam Trask's father Cyrus joins the GAR and assumes the stature of "a great man" through his involvement with the organization. At the height of the GAR's influence in Washington, he brags to his son: John Ernst Steinbeck (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century. ...
For other uses, see East of Eden (disambiguation). ...
I wonder if you know how much influence I really have. I can throw the Grand Army at any candidate like a sock. Even the President likes to know what I think about public matters. I can get senators defeated and I can pick appointments like apples. I can make men and I can destroy men. Do you know that?
Later in the book, references are made to the graves of GAR members in California in order to emphasize the passage of time.
Another Nobel Prize winning author, Sinclair Lewis, makes references to the GAR in his acclaimed novel Main Street.
The GAR is also mentioned in the seldom sung introduction to the patriotic song You're a grand old flag.
See also photo credit: Dick Cryer Joel Minnick Longenecker, Department Commander of the Illinois Grand Army of the Republic. ...
The Military Order of the Stars and Bars is a patriotic fraternal organization for descendants of men who served as commissioned officers in the armed forces of the Confederate States of America. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall is a historic site in St. ...
St. ...
The GAR Hall in Litchfield, Minnesota is one of many original and authentic Grand Army of the Republic Halls remaining in the United States, there are 4 remaining in Minnesota. ...
Litchfield is a city located in Meeker County, Minnesota. ...
The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Building is a historic building in downtown Detroit. ...
Detroit redirects here. ...
The Hamilton County Memorial Building is located at Elm & Grand Streets, in Cincinnati, Ohio. ...
“Cincinnati†redirects here. ...
A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority and activities of a group. ...
Clonetroopers at the Battle of Geonois. ...
External links
Notes - ^ Information about WRC cemetery flag holders
- ^ and the Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic Woman's Relief Corps
- ^ GAR Cemetery Park, Seattle, Washington, from The Friends of the Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery Park, accessed May 4, 2007
- ^ Hybrid satellite image/street map of Stephenson GAR Memorial in Washington, D.C., from WikiMapia
- ^ Stephenson GAR Memorial in Washington, D.C., from dcMemorials.com, accessed May 4, 2007
- ^ Stephenson GAR Memorial in Washington, D.C., from Smithsonian Institution Research Information System, Smithsonian Museum of American Art, Art Inventories Catalog, accessed May 4, 2007
- ^ Richard F. Weingroff, U.S. 6 - The Grand Army of the Republic Highway
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