The main concourse

Grand Central Terminal (GCT, often unofficially called Grand Central Station) is a terminal rail station at 15 Vanderbilt Avenue (42nd Street and Park Avenue) in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Built by the New York Central Railroad (for which it was named) in the heyday of American long-distance passenger trains, it is the largest train station in the world by number of platforms: 44, with 67 tracks along them. They are on two underground levels, with 41 tracks on the upper level and 26 on the lower. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2305x1287, 1501 KB)Temporary file for FPC Original photography & stitching by User:Diliff, horizontal correction by User:Janke Licensing Original license at Commons, Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2305x1287, 1501 KB)Temporary file for FPC Original photography & stitching by User:Diliff, horizontal correction by User:Janke Licensing Original license at Commons, Grand Central Station Main Concourse Jan 2006. ... Terminal Station was also the name of a railway station in Chattanooga, Tennessee; see Chattanooga Choo Choo. ... Main article: Transportation in New York City 42nd Street, NYC 42nd Street is a major crosstown street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, known for its theaters, especially near the intersection with Broadway at Times Square. ... Park Avenue in the Upper East Side (2004) Park Avenue (formerly Fourth Avenue) is a wide boulevard that carries traffic north and south in Manhattan in New York City. ... View of Midtown from Empire State Building. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City... The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail tracks at a train station, metro station or tram stop, at which passengers may board or alight from trains or trams. ...

It serves commuters traveling on the Metro-North Railroad to Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess counties in New York State, and Fairfield and New Haven counties in Connecticut. The Metro-North Railroad (officially the Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, and usually abbreviated as Metro-North) is a suburban commuter railroad service between New York City to its northern suburbs in New York and Connecticut. ... Westchester County is a suburban county with about 940,000 residents located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Putnam County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York . ... Dutchess County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Fairfield County is located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Connecticut. ... New Haven County is located in the south central part of the state of Connecticut. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...

Although it has been properly called "Grand Central Terminal" for a century, many people continue to refer to it as "Grand Central Station". Technically, that is the name of the nearby post office, as well as the name of a previous rail station on the site.

Layout

Besides train platforms, Grand Central contains restaurants (the most famous of which is the Oyster Bar) and fast food outlets (surrounding the Dining Concourse on the level below the Main Concourse), delis, bakeries, newsstands, a gourmet and fresh food market, an annex of the New York Transit Museum and over 40 retail stores. The term Oyster Bar describes either a facility within a restaurant or bar, or a category of restaurant that specializes in serving fresh oysters. ... The New York Transit Museum is a museum located in an unused New York City Subway station in Brooklyn (Court Street) which displays historical artifacts of the New York Subway and bus systems. ...

Main Concourse

The clock in the Main Concourse.
© 2004 Metropolitan Transportation Authority

Grand Central Terminal, along 42nd Street, next to the Grand Hyatt New York and the Chrysler Building.

The Main Concourse is the center of Grand Central. The space is cavernous and usually filled with bustling crowds. The ticket booths are here, although many now stand unused or repurposed since the introduction of ticket vending machines. The large American flag was hung in Grand Central Terminal a few days after the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The unusual ceiling of the Main Concourse is described below. The main information booth is in the center of the concourse. This is a perennial meeting place, and the four-faced clock on top of the information booth is perhaps the most recognizable icon of Grand Central. Each of the four clock faces are made from opal, and both Sotheby's and Christie's have estimated the value to be $10m-$20m. Within the marble and brass pagoda lies a secret door that conceals a spiral staircase leading to the lower level information booth. Download high resolution version (3008x1960, 4366 KB) From [1]. File links The following pages link to this file: Grand Central Terminal Categories: Conditional use images ... Download high resolution version (3008x1960, 4366 KB) From [1]. File links The following pages link to this file: Grand Central Terminal Categories: Conditional use images ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 1209 KB) Summary Grand Central Terminal, Grand Hyatt New York, and the Chrysler Building, along 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 1209 KB) Summary Grand Central Terminal, Grand Hyatt New York, and the Chrysler Building, along 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan. ... The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper and distinctive symbol of New York City, standing 1,046 feet (319 m) high on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. ... Flag ratio: 7:12; nicknames: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory The flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars... WTC redirects here. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... For other articles with similar names, see Opal (disambiguation). ... PR shot of Sothebys New York, from auditions for The Apprentice 2  It should be possible to replace this fair use image with a freely licensed one. ... Christies Auction Room in London circa 1808. ...

Outside the station, the clock in front of the Grand Central facade facing 42nd Street contains the world's largest example of Tiffany glass and is surrounded by sculptures carved by the John Donnelly Company of Minerva, Hercules and Mercury. For the terminal building French sculptor Jules-Alexis Coutan created what was at the time of its unveiling (1914) considered to be the largest sculptural group in the world. It was 48 feet (14.6 m) high, the clock in the center having a circumference of 13 feet (4 m). Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) circa 1908 Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 – January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who is best known for his work in stained glass and is the American artist most associated with the Art Nouveau and Aesthetic movements. ... Minerva and the Muses, by Hans Rottenhammer (1603). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ... A sculpture of the Roman god Mercury by 17th-century Flemish artist Artus Quellinus. ...

The upper level tracks are reached from the Main Concourse or from various hallways and passages branching off from it.

Ceiling

In fall 1998, a 12-year restoration of Grand Central revealed the original lustre of the Main Concourse's elaborately decorated astronomical ceiling. The original ceiling, painted in 1912 by French artist Paul César Helleu, was eventually replaced in the late 1930s to correct falling plaster of the original ceiling. This new ceiling had been obscured by decades of what people thought was coal and diesel smoke. Spectroscopic examination revealed that it was actually tar and nicotine from tobacco smoke. A single dark patch remains above Michael Jordan's Steak House, left untouched by renovators to remind visitors of the grime that once covered the ceiling. 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Paul César Helleu (December 17, 1859 - March 23, 1927) An artist, born in Vannes, Brittany, France, best known for his portraits of many of the most famous and beautiful women of his time including the Duchess of Marlborough, the Countess of Greffulhe and Belle da Costa Greene, librarian to... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by coal mining, either underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). ... This article is about the fuel. ... Not to be confused with Niacin, which is the oxide of Nicotine, and has a very different biological effect. ... Species Nicotiana acuminata Nicotiana alata Nicotiana attenuata Nicotiana benthamiana Nicotiana clevelandii Nicotiana excelsior Nicotiana forgetiana Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glutinosa Nicotiana langsdorffii Nicotiana longiflora Nicotiana obtusifolia Nicotiana paniculata Nicotiana plumbagifolia Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nicotiana repanda Nicotiana rustica Nicotianasuaveolens Nicotiana sylvestris Nicotiana tabacum Nicotiana tomentosa Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005...

There are two peculiarities to this ceiling: the sky is backwards, and the stars are slightly displaced. One explanation is that the ceiling is based on a medieval manuscript, which visualized the sky as it would look from outside the celestial sphere: this is why the constellations are backwards. Since the celestial sphere is an abstraction (stars are not all at equal distances from Earth), this view does not correspond to the actual view from anywhere in the universe. The reason for the displacement of the stars is that the manuscript showed a (reflected) view of the sky in the Middle Ages, and since then the stars have shifted due to precession of the equinoxes. Most people, however, simply think that Helleu reversed the image by accident. Embarrassed, the Vanderbilts explained it away by saying that the ceiling depicted the heavens as they would look outside the celestial sphere, from God's vantage point. The celestial sphere is divided by the celestial equator. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Precession of the equinoxes refers to the precession of the Earths axis of rotation. ... The Vanderbilts are a prominent family in the history of the United States. ...

The Redstone missile making a guest appearance.

There is a small dark circle in the midst of the stars right above the image of Pisces. In a 1957 attempt to counteract feelings of insecurity spawned by the Soviet launch of Sputnik, Grand Central's Main Concourse played host to an American Redstone missile. With no other way of erecting the missile, the hole had to be cut in order to lift it into place. Historical Preservation dictated that this hole remain (as opposed to being repaired) as a testament to the many uses of the Terminal over the years. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (682x790, 90 KB) Summary The Redstone missile installed in Grand Centrals main concourse. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (682x790, 90 KB) Summary The Redstone missile installed in Grand Centrals main concourse. ... First launched in 1953, the American Redstone rocket was a direct descendant of the German V-2. ... For other uses, see Pisces. ... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) Translation: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital Moscow Language(s) Russian (the de facto official language), 14 other official languages Government Socialist republic Leaders  - 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin  - 1924-1953 Joseph Stalin... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik program was a series of unmanned space missions launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s to demonstrate the viability of artificial satellites. ... First launched in 1953, the American Redstone rocket was a direct descendant of the German V-2. ...

Dining Concourse and lower level tracks

The Oyster Bar, Grand Central's oldest business.

The Dining Concourse is below the Main Concourse. It contains many fast food outlets and restaurants, including the world-famous Oyster Bar with its Guastavino tile vaults, surrounding central seating and lounge areas and provides access to the lower level tracks. The two levels are connected by numerous stairs, ramps, and escalators. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1075x806, 561 KB) Photographed by Daniel Case 2006-12-29 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1075x806, 561 KB) Photographed by Daniel Case 2006-12-29 I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Guastavino tile work in NYC City Hall subway station Guastavino tile refers to the Tile Arch System patented in the US in 1885 by Catalan architect and builder Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908). ...

Vanderbilt Hall and Campbell Apartment

Vanderbilt Hall, named for the Vanderbilt family who built and owned the station, is just off the Main Concourse. Formerly the main waiting room for the terminal, it is now used and rented out for various events. The Campbell Apartment is an elegantly restored cocktail lounge, located just south of the 43rd Street/Vanderbilt Avenue entrance, that attracts a mix of commuters and tourists. It was not only at one time the office of 1920s tycoon John W. Campbell, but also for a time his home, and is designed to replicate the galleried hall of a 13th-century Florentine palace.[1] The Vanderbilts are a prominent family in the history of the United States. ... The Campbell Apartment is a public bar and cocktail lounge popular with commuters and others after work in one corner of Grand Central Terminal in New York City. ... John Williams Campbell (1880 – 1957) was a millionaire American financier. ...

Omega Board

The Omega Board was an electromechanical display used to display the times and track numbers of arriving and departing trains. It contained rows of flip panels to display train information. It became a New York institution, as its many displays would flap simultaneously to reflect changes in train schedules, an indicator of just how busy Grand Central was. A small example of this type now hangs in the Museum of Modern Art as an example of outstanding industrial design. In engineering, electromechanics combines the sciences of electromagnetism of electrical engineering and mechanics. ... View across garden, in new MoMA building by Yoshio Taniguchi. ...

It was replaced with an LED display during renovation in the 1990s.

Subway station

Main article: Grand Central–42nd Street (New York City Subway)

The subway platforms at Grand Central are reached from the Main Concourse. Built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) rather than the New York Central Railroad, the subway areas of the station lack the majesty that is present throughout most of the rest of Grand Central, although they are in similar condition to its track levels. The shuttle platforms were originally an express stop on the original IRT line, opened in 1904. Once the IRT Lexington Avenue Line was extended uptown in 1918, the original tracks were converted to shuttle use. One track remains connected to the downtown Lexington Avenue local track but is not in revenue service. A fire in the 1960s destroyed much of the shuttle station, which has been rebuilt. The only sign of the fire damage is truncated steel beams visible above the platforms. Grand Central–42nd Street is a major hub in the New York City Subway, and was the second busiest station in 1994. ... The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) was the operator of the original New York Subway line that opened in 1904 and additional rapid transit lines in the City of New York. ... The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... The Lexington Avenue Line (sometimes called the Lex or the IRT East Side Line) is one of the major IRT lines in the New York City Subway. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ...

Grand Central North

Grand Central North, opened on August 18, 1999, provides access to Grand Central from 47th Street and 48th Street. It is connected to the Main Concourse through two long hallways, the Northwest Passage (1000 feet long) and Northeast Passage (1200 feet long), which run parallel to the tracks. Entrances are at the northeast corner of East 47th Street and Madison Avenue (Northwest Passage), northeast corner of East 48th Street and Park Avenue (Northeast Passage) and on the east and west sides of 230 Park Avenue (Helmsley Building). Ellen Driscoll, an artist from Brooklyn, designed the mosaics in Grand Central North. August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... It is a street in New York City. ... Madison Avenue is a north-south avenue in the borough of Manhattan in New York City which carries northbound one-way traffic. ... Park Avenue in the Upper East Side (2004) Park Avenue (formerly Fourth Avenue) is a wide boulevard that carries traffic north and south in Manhattan in New York City. ... The Helmsley Building is a 35-story building straddling Park Avenue. ... Brooklyn (named for the Dutch city Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. ... This article is about a decorative art. ...

The entrances to Grand Central North were originally open from 6:30 AM to 9:30 PM Monday through Friday and 9 AM to 9:30 PM on Saturday and Sunday. As of summer 2006, Grand Central North was closed on weekends, with the MTA citing low usage and the need to save money by the shutdown [2]. Prior to the closing, about 6,000 people used Grand Central North on a typical weekend [3], and about 30,000 on weekdays. For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the State of New York. ...

Ideas for a northern entrance to Grand Central were floated around since at least the 1970s. Construction on Grand Central North lasted from 1994 to 1999 and cost $112 million. It was originally scheduled to be completed within three years on a budget of $70 million. Delays were attributed to the incomplete nature of the original blueprints of Grand Central and previously undiscovered groundwater underneath East 45th Street. As of 2006, the passages are not air-conditioned.

The depths of the passages in relation to the terminal are:

• Metro-North Railroad upper level, 20 feet below street
• Northwest and Northeast passages, 20 feet
• 47th Street cross-passage, 30 feet
• 45th Street cross-passage, 50 feet
• Metro-North Railroad lower level, 60 feet

The Metro-North Railroad (officially the Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, and usually abbreviated as Metro-North) is a suburban commuter railroad service between New York City to its northern suburbs in New York and Connecticut. ...

History

Three buildings serving essentially the same function have stood on this site. The original large and imposing scale was intended by the New York Central Railroad to enhance competition and compare favorably in the public eye with the arch-rival Pennsylvania Railroad and smaller lines. The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ...

Grand Central Depot

Looking out the north end of the Murray Hill Tunnel towards the station in 1880. Note the labels for the New York and Harlem and New York and New Haven Railroads; the New York Central and Hudson River was off to the left. The two larger portals on the right allowed some horse-drawn trains to continue further downtown.

Grand Central Depot was designed to bring the trains of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, the New York and Harlem Railroad, and the New York and New Haven Railroad together in one large station. The station opened in October 1871. The original plan was for the Harlem Railroad to start using it on October 9, 1871 (moving from their 27th Street depot), the New Haven Railroad on October 16, and the Hudson River Railroad on October 23, with the staggering done to minimize confusion. However the Hudson River Railroad did not move to it until November 1, which puts the other two dates in doubt. The headhouse building containing passenger service areas and railroad offices was an "L" shape with a short leg running east-west on 42nd Street and a long leg running north-south on Vanderbilt Avenue. The train shed, north and east of the headhouse, had two innovations in U.S. practice: the platforms were elevated to the height of the cars, and the roof was a balloon shed with a clear span over all of the tracks. Image File history File links 1880 view of Grand Central Terminal from [1]. The text cut off to the left is for the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. ... Image File history File links 1880 view of Grand Central Terminal from [1]. The text cut off to the left is for the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. ... The north end of the tunnel The Murray Hill Tunnel passes under Park Avenue in Manhattan, New York, New York, USA, just south of Grand Central Terminal. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... A typical North American steam train In rail transport, a train consists of rail vehicles that move along guides to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. ... The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity and with the AAR reporting mark of NYC, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... An 1847 map of Lower Manhattan; the only railroad in Manhattan is the New York and Harlem Railroad. ... The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (AAR reporting mark NH) was a railroad that operated in the northeast United States. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... October 9 is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article covers streets in Manhattan, New York City, USA between and including 23rd Street and 42nd Street. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... A train shed is a adjecent building to a railway station where the tracks and platforms are covered by a overall roof. ...

The New Haven and New York Central trains were initially in side by side different stations creating chaos in baggage transfer. The combined Grand Central Station service both railroads. Luggage is any number of bags, cases and containers which hold a travellers articles during transit. ...

Cornelius Vanderbilt died on the same day that a blizzard caused a collapse of the glass roof. Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt I (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), also known by the sobriquets The Commodore [1] [2] or Commodore Vanderbilt [3], was an American entrepreneur who built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family. ...

Grand Central Station

The exterior of Grand Central Station c. 1904. The exterior of Grand Central Depot (now Grand Central Terminal) in New York City c. ... Year 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ...

The interior of Grand Central Station c. 1904. The interior of Grand Central Depot (now Grand Central Terminal) in New York City, circa 1904. ...

Between 1899 and 1900, the headhouse was essentially demolished (it was expanded from three to six stories and an entirely new facade put on it) but the train shed was kept. The tracks that had previously continued south of 42nd Street were removed and the train yard reconfigured in an effort to reduce congestion and turn-around time for trains. The reconstructed building was renamed Grand Central Station. Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ...

Grand Central Terminal

Construction

View in the excavation for the new Grand Central Station, Sept. 1907

Between 1903 and 1913, the entire building was torn down in phases and replaced by the current Grand Central Terminal, which was designed by the architectural firms of Reed and Stern and Warren and Wetmore, who entered an agreement to act as the associated architects of Grand Central Terminal in February 1904. Reed & Stern were responsible for the overall design of the station, Warren and Wetmore added architectural details and the Beaux-Arts style. Charles Reed was appointed the chief executive for the collaboration between the two firms, and promptly appointed Alfred T. Fellheimer as head of the combined design team. This work was accompanied by the electrification of the three railroads using the station and the burial of the approach in the Park Avenue tunnel. The result of this was the creation of several blocks worth of prime real estate in Manhattan, which were then sold for a large sum of money. The new terminal opened on February 2, 1913.^[1] Download high resolution version (459x760, 60 KB)View in the excavation for the new Grand Central Station of the New York Central Railway (Looking south). ... Download high resolution version (459x760, 60 KB)View in the excavation for the new Grand Central Station of the New York Central Railway (Looking south). ... Warren and Wetmore was an architecture firm in New York City. ... École des Beaux Arts refers to several art France. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

French sculptor Jules-Alexis Coutan created what was at the time of its unveiling (1914) considered to be the largest sculptural group in the world. It was 48 feet high, the clock in the center having a circumference of 13 feet. It depicted Mercury flanked by Hercules and Minerva and was carved by the John Donnelly Company. A sculpture of the Roman god Mercury by 17th-century Flemish artist Artus Quellinus. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Heracles. ... Minerva and the Muses, by Hans Rottenhammer (1603). ...

Covering Park Avenue

In order to accommodate ever-growing rail traffic into the restricted Midtown area, William J. Wilgus, chief engineer of the New York Central Railroad took advantage of the recent electrification technology to propose a novel scheme: a bi-level station below ground. The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ...

Arriving trains would go underground under Park Avenue, and proceed to an upper-level incoming station if they were mainline trains, or to a lower-level platform if they were suburban trains. In addition, turning loops within the station itself obviated complicated switching moves to bring back the trains to the coach yards for servicing. Departing mainline trains reversed into upper-level platforms in the conventional way.

Burying electric trains underground brought an additional advantage to the railroads: the ability to sell above-ground air rights over the tracks and platforms for real-estate development. With time, all the area around Grand Central saw prestigious apartment and office buildings being erected, which turned the area into the most desirable commercial office district of Manhattan. Air rights are a type of development right in real estate. ...

The terminal also did away with bifurcating Park Avenue by introducing a "circumferential elevated driveway" that allowed Park Avenue traffic to traverse around the building and over 42nd Street without encumbering nearby streets. The building was also designed to be able to eventually reconnect both segments of 43rd Street by going through the concourse if the City of New York demanded it.

Upper level (mainline) layout

Lower level (suburban) layout

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2606x724, 789 KB) Summary William J. Wilguss Grand Central Terminal (New-York City) upper (mainline) track plans. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2606x724, 789 KB) Summary William J. Wilguss Grand Central Terminal (New-York City) upper (mainline) track plans. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2606x724, 959 KB) Summary William J. Wilguss Grand Central Terminal (New-York City) lower (suburban) track plans. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2606x724, 959 KB) Summary William J. Wilguss Grand Central Terminal (New-York City) lower (suburban) track plans. ...

Terminal City

View of Grand Central around 1918.

The construction of Grand Central created a mini-city within New York, including the Commodore Hotel and various office buildings. It spurred construction throughout the neighborhood in the 1920s including the Chrysler Building. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x643, 657 KB) Source:[1] Grand Central Terminal, exterior, 42nd St. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x643, 657 KB) Source:[1] Grand Central Terminal, exterior, 42nd St. ... The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper and distinctive symbol of New York City, standing 1,046 feet (319 m) high on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. ...

In 1928, the New York Central built its headquarters in a 34-story building (now called the Helmsley Building) straddling Park Avenue on the north side of the Terminal. The Helmsley Building is a 35-story building straddling Park Avenue. ...

From 1948 to 1964 CBS headquartered its initial television broadcasting center in the station in "Studio 40". The CBS Evening News began its broadcasts there with Douglas Edwards. Many of the historic events during this period, such as John Glenn's Mercury Atlas 6 space mission, were broadcast from this location (although the Walter Cronkite broadcasts were from studios in Washington, D.C.). Broadcasts from the studio were famed for shaky videos caused by train arrivals. This studio is now in use as tennis courts, which are operated by Donald Trump. CBS is one of the largest radio and television networks in the United States. ... CBS Evening News is the flagship nightly television news program of the American television network CBS. The network has broadcast this program since 1948, and has used the CBS Evening News title since 1963. ... Douglas Edwards (born July 14, 1917 — October 13, 1990) was Americas first network news television anchor, anchoring the CBS Evening News broadcast from 1948-1962. ... For other persons named John Glenn, see John Glenn (disambiguation). ... // Crew John Glenn (flew on Mercury 6 & STS-95) Backup Crew M. Scott Carpenter Mission parameters Mass: 1,352 kg Perigee: 159 km Apogee: 265 km Inclination: 32. ... Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Federal District District of Columbia  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack Evans... Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American business executive, entrepreneur, television personality and author. ...

Proposals for demolition and towers

In 1947, over 65 million people, the equivalent of 40% of the population of the United States, traveled through Grand Central. However railroads soon fell into a major decline with competition from automobiles and intercity plane traffic.

In 1954 William Zeckendorf proposed replacing Grand Central with an 80-story, 4.8-million square foot tower, 500 feet taller than the Empire State Building. I. M. Pei created a pinched-cylinder design that took the form of a glass cylinder with a wasp waist. The plan was abandoned. In 1955 Erwin S. Wolfson made his first proposal for a tower north of the Terminal replacing the Terminal's six-story office building. A revised Wolfson plan was approved in 1958 and the Pan Am Building (now the MetLife Building) was completed in 1963. William Zeckendorf, Sr. ... hiii ! whats up ? The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City. ... The Louvre Pyramid, Paris Ieoh Ming Pei (Chinese: 貝聿銘; Pinyin: Bèi Yùmíng; b. ... Wasp waist (1885) Wasp waist by hip form girdle (1901) Wasp waist refers to a style of corset and girdle that has experienced various periods of popularity in the 19th and 20th centuries. ... The MetLife Building in New York City The MetLife Building, formerly the Pan Am Building, is located at 200 Park Avenue in New York City. ... MetLife Building as seen from the Empire State Building, 2005. ...

Although the Pan Am Building bought time for the terminal, the New York Central Railroad continued its precipitous decline. In 1968, facing bankruptcy, it merged with the Pennsylvania Railroad to form the Penn Central Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad was in its own precipitous decline and in 1964 had demolished Pennsylvania Station to make way for an office building and the new Madison Square Garden. 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... The Penn Central Transportation Company, normally called Penn Central, was an American railroad company, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and formed by the merger on February 1, 1968 of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central Railroad; the New Haven was added to the merger at the insistence of the... Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as Penn Station) is the major intercity rail station and a major commuter rail hub in New York City. ... Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, known colloquially simply as The Garden, has been the name of four arenas in New York City, United States. ...

In 1968 Penn Central unveiled plans for a tower designed by Marcel Breuer even bigger than the Pan Am Building to be built over Grand Central. Marcel Breuer Marcel Lajos Breuer (May 21, 1902 Pécs, Hungary – July 1, 1981 New York City), architect and furniture designer, was an influential modernist. ...

The plans drew huge opposition including most prominently Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. She said Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was first the wife of John F. Kennedy whom she married in 1953 and was known as Jacqueline Kennedy or Jackie Kennedy. ...

"Is it not cruel to let our city die by degrees, stripped of all her proud monuments, until there will be nothing left of all her history and beauty to inspire our children? If they are not inspired by the past of our city, where will they find the strength to fight for her future? Americans care about their past, but for short term gain they ignore it and tear down everything that matters. Maybe… this is the time to take a stand, to reverse the tide, so that we won't all end up in a uniform world of steel and glass boxes."

New York City filed a suit to stop the construction. The resulting case, Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City (1978), was the first time that the Supreme Court ruled on a matter of historic preservation. The Court saved the terminal, basing its decision on the notion that only if a change to a historic structure prevented said structure's owner from bankruptcy could such an alteration be made. Holding Court membership Case opinions Laws applied U.S. Const. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the United... Historic preservation or Heritage management is the theory and practice of creatively maintaining the historic built environment and controlling the landscape component of which it is an integral part. ...

Penn Central went into bankruptcy in 1970 in what was then the biggest corporate bankruptcy in American history. Midtown TDR Ventures, LLC owns the station today. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) via Metro North in 1994 signed a long term lease and began a massive restoration. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the State of New York. ...

Restorations

Grand Central Terminal - New York

Image File history File linksMetadata Copy_of_Grand_Central_Terminal_Wikipedia_2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Copy_of_Grand_Central_Terminal_Wikipedia_2. ...

Donald Trump

Grand Central both inside and outside and its neighborhood fell on hard times during the financial collapse of its host railroads as well as the near bankruptcy of New York City itself.

In 1974 Donald Trump bought the Commodore Hotel to the east of the terminal for $10 million and then worked out a deal with Jay Pritzker to transform it into one of the first Grand Hyatt hotels. Trump negotiated various tax breaks and in the process agreed to renovate the exterior of the terminal. The complementary masonry from the Commodore was replaced with glass. In the same deal Trump optioned Penn Central's rail yards on the Hudson River between 59th and 72nd Streets that would eventually become Trump Place—the biggest private development in New York City. Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American business executive, entrepreneur, television personality and author. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Hyatt is a hotel chain brand that is owned by Global Hyatt Corporation. ... The last elevated portion of the West Side Highway by Trump Place apartment complex Trump Place (also known as Riverside South and Trump City and Television City) is an apartment complex originated by Donald Trump on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York. ...

The Grand Hyatt opened in 1980 and the neighborhood immediately began a transformation. Trump sold his interest in the hotel for $142 million, establishing him as a big-time player in New York real estate.

Metro-North

Throughout this period the interior of Grand Central was characterized by huge billboard advertisements, with perhaps the most famous being the giant Kodak Colorama photos running along the entire east side and the Westclox "Big Ben" clock over the south concourse. Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is an American multinational public company producing photographic materials and equipment. ... Westclox is a manufacturer of clocks and alarm clocks. ...

Amtrak left the station on April 7, 1991, with the completion of the Empire Connection, which allowed trains from Albany, Toronto and Montreal to use Penn Station. Previously, travellers would have to change stations via subway, bus, or cab. Since then, Grand Central has exclusively served Metro-North Railroad. Acela Express in West Windsor, NJ Amtrak Cascades service with tilting Talgo trainsets in Seattle, Washington Amtrak train in downtown Orlando, Florida For other uses, see Amtrak (disambiguation). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The West Side Line, also called the West Side Freight Line, is a railroad line on the west side of Manhattan, New York, USA. North of Penn Station, at 34th Street, the line is used by Amtrak passenger service heading north via Albany. ... Location in Albany County and the State of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York County Albany Founded 1614 Incorporated 1686  - Mayor Gerald D. Jennings Area    - City 56. ... Nickname: City of Mary Motto: Concordia Salus Coordinates: Country Canada Province Québec Founded 1642 Established 1832  - Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area [1] [2]    - City 185. ... The Metro-North Railroad (officially the Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, and usually abbreviated as Metro-North) is a suburban commuter railroad service between New York City to its northern suburbs in New York and Connecticut. ...

In 1994 the MTA signed a long term lease on the building and began massive renovations. All the billboards were removed. These renovations were mostly finished in 1998, though some of the minor refits (such as the replacement of electromechanical train information displays by the entry of each track with electronic displays) were not completed until 2000. The most striking effect was the restoration of the Main Concourse ceiling, revealing the painted skyscape and constellations. The original baggage room, later converted into retail space and occupied for many years by Chemical Bank, was removed, and replaced with a mirror image of the West Stairs. Although the baggage room had been designed by the original architects, the restoration architects found evidence that a set of stairs mirroring those to the West was originally intended for that space. Other modifications included a complete overhaul of the Terminal's superstructure and the replacement of the electromechanical Omega Board train arrival/departure display with a purely electronic display that was designed to fit into the architecture of the Terminal aesthetically. This article is about the year 2000. ... A cloudscape by Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael. ...

The original quarry in Tennessee was located and reopened specifically for the purpose of providing matching stone for not only replacement of damaged stone, but also the new East Staircase. Each piece of new stone was required to carry a marking on it denoting its installation date, and the fact that it was not a part of the original Terminal building.

The exterior is once again being cleaned and restored, starting with the west façade on Vanderbilt Avenue and gradually working counterclockwise. The northern facade, abutting the MetLife Building, will be left as is. The project involves cleaning the facade, rooftop light courts and statues; filling in cracks, repointing the stones on the façade, restoring the copper roof and the building's cornice, repairing the large windows of the Main Concourse, and removing the remaining blackout paint that was applied to the windows during World War II. The result will be a cleaner, more attractive and structurally sound exterior, and the windows will allow much more light into the Main Concourse. The work should be finished in 2007; as of 2006, restoration of the west and south façades has been completed. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

LIRR's East Side Access Project

The MTA is in the midst of an ambitious project to bring Long Island Rail Road trains into the terminal via the East Side Access Project. The project was spurred by a study that showed that more than half of the LIRR riders work closer to Grand Central than Penn Station.^[2] An M3 railcar The Long Island Rail Road or LIRR (often referred to as the L-I-double-R) is a commuter rail system serving the length of Long Island, New York, United States. ... East Side Access is public works project being undertaken by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) in New York City, designed to bring the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) into a new East Side station to be built along side and incorporated into Grand Central Terminal in New York City. ...

A new bi-level, eight-track tunnel will be excavated under Park Avenue, more than 90 feet below the Metro-North track and more than 140 feet below the surface. Commuters on the lowest level, more than 175 feet deep, will take about 10 minutes to reach the street.^[3] Park Avenue in the Upper East Side (2004) Park Avenue runs north and south between Madison Avenue and Lexington Avenue in Manhattan in New York City. ...

LIRR trains will access Park Avenue via the existing lower level of the 63rd Street Tunnel, connecting to its main line running through Sunnyside Yards in Queens. Extensions are being added on both the Manhattan and Queens sides. The 63rd Street Tunnel currently carries the IND 63rd Street Line of the New York City Subway under the East River between Manhattan and Queens. ... MTA slide showing the LIRR route from Sunnyside Yard to Grand Central Terminal as part of the East Side Access project Sunnyside Yard is a large railroad yard in Sunnyside, Queens in New York City. ... Queens Borough in New York City, in yellow Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City, USA. Geographically the largest borough in the city, Queens is home to many immigrants and two of New Yorks major airports. ...

Cost estimates jumped from $4.4 billion in 2004 to $6.4 billion in 2006. The MTA has said that some small buildings on the route in Manhattan will be torn down to make way for air vents.^[4] Edward Cardinal Egan has criticized the plan, noting concerns about the tracks, which will largely be on the west side of Park Avenue, and their impact on St. Patrick's Cathedral.^[5] His Eminence Edward Michael Cardinal Egan STL JCD (born April 2, 1932) is a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. ... St. ...

The project is scheduled for completion by 2012.

Impact on design of transit centers

The design for Grand Central was an innovation in the way transit hubs were designed, and continues to influence designers to this day. One new concept was the use of ramps (as opposed to staircases) for conducting the flow of traffic through the facility (as well as aiding with the transport of luggage to and from the trains). Another was the wrapping of Park Avenue around the Terminal above the street, creating a second level for the picking up and dropping off of passengers. As airline travel superseded the railroads in the latter half of the 20th century, the design innovations of Grand Central were later incorporated into the hub airports that were built. The Spoke-hub distribution paradigm (also known as a hub and spoke model) derives its name from a bicycle wheel, which consists of a number of spokes jutting outward from a central hub. ...

In popular culture

Main article: List of cultural references to Grand Central Terminal

The 42nd Street entrance to Grand Central Terminal // List of cultural references to Grand Central Terminal describes the many appearances of this photogenic New York City landmark in pop culture as one of the classic Manhattan experiences. ...

Statistics

Size

Covers 49 acres (20 ha) of land, 33 miles (53 km) of track, 44 platforms

Trains

660 Metro-North commuter trains

Commuters

About 125,000 a day

Visitors

575,000 a day

Cost of renovation 1996–98

$250 million

Retail businesses

95

Oldest business

Oyster Bar, opened 1913

Meals served in terminal daily

10,000

Percentage of trains on time

98

Items in lost and found

19,000

Most frequently lost item

Coats [up to 2,000 a year]

Return rate for lost items

Over 60%, close to 98% for computers and iPods

The current iPod line. ...

See also

• Pennsylvania Station
• Transportation in New York City
• Buildings and architecture of New York City
• Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City

Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as Penn Station) is the major intercity rail station and a major commuter rail hub in New York City. ... The New York City Subway is one of the busiest in the world. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Holding Court membership Case opinions Laws applied U.S. Const. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Grand Central Terminal

• Official site
• History of Grand Central Terminal - About.com
• Secrets of Grand Central Terminal
• Grand Central Terminal
• Inside Grand Central
• New York Architecture Images- Grand Central Terminal
• Movies Set in Grand Central
• Time lapse photograph of the grand central
• gallery of photographs
• Illustrated discussion of Grand Central Terminal's spatial psychology
• Railstastions.org : The Railroad Architecture of Alfred T. Fellheimer
• NATIONAL PRESERVATION AWARD GOES TO GRAND CENTRAL STATION, Press Release, October 7, 1999
• Time Lapse Video of Grand Central Station

• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 40.7528° -73.9765°
  • Satellite image from WikiMapia, Google Maps or Windows Live Local
  • Street map from MapQuest or Google Maps
  • Topographic map from TopoZone
  • Aerial image from TerraServer-USA

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... A news release or press release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

References

1. ^ (September 2006) "Grand Central Terminal opens". Railway Age: p. 78. ISSN 0033-8826. 
2. ^ Record of Decision (ROD) East Side Access Project (PDF) 5. US Department of Transportation. Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
3. ^ East Side Acess Project, Final Environmental Impact Statement (PDF) pg 22. Retrieved on 2006-12-16.
4. ^ Yates, Maura. "East Side Access Draws Opponents", New York Sun, 2005-02-10, pp. 4. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. (in english)
5. ^ Yates, Maura. "East Side Access Draws Opponents", New York Sun, 2005-02-10, pp. 4. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. (in english)

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sources

• Local News in Brief, The New York Times September 29, 1871 page 8
• The Grand Central Railroad Depot, Harlem Railroad, The New York Times October 1, 1871, page 6.
• Local News in Brief, The New York Times November 1, 1871 page 8
• Federal Writer's Project, New York City Guide, Random House Publishers, New York, 1939.
• Fried, Frederick & Edmund V. Gillon, Jr., New York Civic Sculpture. Dover Publications, New York, 1973.
• Reed, Henry Hope, Edmund V. Gillon, JR., Beaux-Arts Architecture in New York: A Photographic Guide, Dover Publications, New York, 1988.
• Stern, Gilmartin & Massengale, New York 1900, Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 1983.

	U.S. National Register of Historic Places - (List of entries)
	National Park Service . National Historic Landmarks . National Battlefields . National Historic Sites . National Historic Parks . National Memorials . National Monuments The New York Times is a newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ... The Metro-North Railroad (officially the Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, and usually abbreviated as Metro-North) is a suburban commuter railroad service between New York City to its northern suburbs in New York and Connecticut. ... Metro-Norths Harlem Line, originally the New York Central Railroads New York and Harlem Railroad, is an 82-mile (132 km) commuter rail line running north from New York City into eastern Dutchess County. ... The Harlem-125th Street Metro-North Railroad station serves residents of the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York and commuters who work in Harlem via the Hudson Line, Harlem Line and New Haven Line. ... The Wassaic Metro-North Railroad station serves the residents of Wassaic, New York (part of Amenia) at the northern terminal of the Harlem Line. ... Metro-North Railroads Hudson Line is a commuter rail line running north from New York City along the east shore of the Hudson River. ... The Harlem-125th Street Metro-North Railroad station serves residents of the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York and commuters who work in Harlem via the Hudson Line, Harlem Line and New Haven Line. ... The Poughkeepsie Metro-North Railroad station serves the residents of Poughkeepsie, New York at the north end of the Hudson Line. ... Metro North Railroads New Canaan Branch is a short branch of their New Haven Line from a junction east of downtown Stamford, Connecticut north to New Canaan. ... This article is about a railway station in North America. ... Metro-North Railroads Danbury Branch is a branch of their New Haven Line from downtown Norwalk, Connecticut north to Danbury. ... This article is about a railway station in North America. ... The Danbury Metro-North Railroad station serves residents of Danbury, Connecticut and surrounding areas at the north terminal of the Danbury Branch of the New Haven Line. ... Metro North Railroads New Haven Line runs from New Haven, Connecticut to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan on trackage of the former New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad owned by the State of Connecticut and the State of New York. ... The Harlem-125th Street Metro-North Railroad station serves residents of the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York and commuters who work in Harlem via the Hudson Line, Harlem Line and New Haven Line. ... State Street Station (also known as New Haven-State Street) is the secondary railroad passenger station in New Haven, Connecticut located 1. ... Inter-city rail services are train services which cover larger distances than commuter trains. ... The table below shows all railroad lines that have served New York City and what terminal they used. ... Nickname: Big Apple, Gotham, NYC, City That Never Sleeps, The Concrete Jungle, The City So Nice They Named It Twice Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Settled 1676  - Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City... The New York metropolitan area is the most populous in the United States and the fourth most populous in the world (after Tokyo, Seoul, and Mexico City). ... Pennsylvania Station (commonly known as Penn Station) is the major intercity rail station and a major commuter rail hub in New York City. ... The New York Tunnel Extension (also New York Improvement and Tunnel Extension), owned by the Pennsylvania Tunnel and Terminal Railroad, was an important part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system, comprising the tunnels and approaches from New Jersey and Long Island to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan. ... The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... The station, pre-renovation; The Ticket Office and Information Booth shown are now closed to the public; new facilities are located on street level in the Atlantic Terminal Mall. ... An M3 railcar The Long Island Rail Road or LIRR (often referred to as the L-I-double-R) is a commuter rail system serving the length of Long Island, New York, United States. ... Long Island City is a rail terminal of the Long Island Rail Road in Long Island City, Queens. ... An M3 railcar The Long Island Rail Road or LIRR (often referred to as the L-I-double-R) is a commuter rail system serving the length of Long Island, New York, United States. ... Categories: Rail stubs | Transportation in New Jersey ... The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company (DL&W or Lackawanna) (AAR reporting mark DLW) was a railroad connecting Pennsylvanias Lackawanna Valley, rich in anthracite coal, to New York City, Buffalo and Oswego, New York. ... Communipaw Terminal was the waterfront terminal on the Hudson River for the Central Railroad of New Jerseys commuter and passenger service. ... alternate logo The Central Railroad of New Jersey, more commonly known as the Jersey Central Lines or CNJ, was a regional railroad with origins in the 1830s, lasting until 1976 when it was absorbed into Conrail with the other bankrupt railroads of the U.S. Northeast. ... This is a station in Jersey City, New Jersey. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... Pavonia Terminal was the waterfront terminal on the Hudson River in Jersey City, New Jersey for the Erie Railroads passenger trains. ... The Erie Railroad (AAR reporting mark ERIE) was a railroad that operated in New York State, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, connecting New York City with Lake Erie, and extending west to Cleveland, Ohio, Cincinnati, Ohio and Chicago, Illinois. ... The New York Central Railroad (AAR reporting mark NYC), known simply as the New York Central in its publicity, was a railroad operating in the North-Eastern United States. ... An M3 railcar The Long Island Rail Road or LIRR (often referred to as the L-I-double-R) is a commuter rail system serving the length of Long Island, New York, United States. ... Pennsylvania Station (Newark) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1893 map The Pennsylvania Railroad (AAR reporting mark PRR) was an American railroad that was founded in 1846 and merged in 1968 into Penn Central Transportation. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Image:Delicatearch. ... A typical plaque showing entry on the National Register of Historic Places. ... This is a list of entries on the National Register of Historic Places. ... The National Park System of the United States is the collection of physical properties owned or administered by the National Park Service. ...