Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
Xenia at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg on January, 1903. She is dressed for a costume ball in a traditional 17th century Russian fashion.
Born	April 6, 1875 St. Petersburg, Russia
Died	April 20, 1960 London, United Kingdom
Spouse	Grand Duke Alexander of Russia
Parents	Alexander III of Russia and Dagmar of Denmark

Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia (April 6, 1875 – April 20, 1960) was a member of the Russian Imperial Family. She was the eldest daughter of Alexander III of Russia and Dagmar of Denmark. She was a sister of Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia and the infant Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia. She married Grand Duke Alexander Mikailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children. Image File history File links Xenia. ... Image File history File links Xenia. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Alexander Mihailovich of Russia (13 April 1866 - 26 February 1933) was Grand Duke and bother-in-law of Emperor Nicholas II, influential in the soon-to-be-doomed Russian monarchy. ... Alexander III (10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 14 March 1881 until his death in 1894. ... Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (November 26, 1847–October 13, 1928) was Empress Consort of Russia. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The House of Romanov (Рома́нов, pronounced ) was the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country for five generations from 1613 to 1761. ... Alexander III (10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 14 March 1881 until his death in 1894. ... Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (November 26, 1847–October 13, 1928) was Empress Consort of Russia. ... Nicholas II of Russia (Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov) (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July [O.S. 4 July] 1918) (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[1] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovitch of Russia (1878-1918) Grand Duke Michael of Russia, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Romanov (Russian: Михаи́л Александрович Рома́нов) (St. ... Grand Duke George Alexandrovitch as a young man in the early 1890s // Grand Duke George Alexandrovich Romanov, (In Russian Великий Князь Георгий Александрович Романов),((May 6, 1871 in Tsarskoe Selo - August 9, 1899 in Abbas Tuman, Caucasus) was the third son of Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. ... The flag of the House of Romanov Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: ; Olga Alexandrovna Romanova) (June 13, 1882–November 24, 1960) was the last Grand Duchess of Imperial Russia under the reign of her elder brother, Czar Nicholas II. Her father was the reformer of 19th century Russia... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Alexander Mihailovich of Russia (13 April 1866 - 26 February 1933) was Grand Duke and bother-in-law of Emperor Nicholas II, influential in the soon-to-be-doomed Russian monarchy. ...

Xenia’s name was Ксения Александровна Романова (Ksyeniya Alyeksandrovna Romanova) in Russian, which is translated as Xenia Alexandrovna Romanova in English. It was both her maiden and married names, as she wedded another Romanov. Her maiden style was Ея Императорское Высочество Великая Княжна Российская Ксения Александровна (Yeya Impyeratorskoye Visochyestvo Vyelikaya Knyazhna Rossiyskaya Ksyeniya Alyeksandrovna), while her married style was Ея Императорское Высочество Великая Княгиня Российская Ксения Александровна (Yeya Impyeratorskoye Visochyestvo Vyelikaya Knyaginya Rossiyskaya Ksyeniya Alyeksandrovna). Both are translated as Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ...

Early life

Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia was born at four am on the morning of April 6, 1875 at Anichkov Palace in St. Petersburg. ^[1] Her father was Emperor Alexander III of Russia, the son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (née Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine). Her mother was Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark), the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Queen Louise of Denmark (née Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel). is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Anichkov Bridge and Anichkov Palace in 1753. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Alexander III (10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 14 March 1881 until his death in 1894. ... Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born 29 April 1818 in Moscow; died 13 March 1881 in St. ... Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August 1824 - 8 June 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Maria Alexandrovna (in Russian Мария Александровна), Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. ... Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (November 26, 1847–October 13, 1928) was Empress Consort of Russia. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Louise of Hesse-Cassel, Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel (in Danish, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie), b Kassel 7 Sep 1817, d Bernstorff 29 Sep 1898, was a daughter of ancient German princely family, the Landgraves of Hesse, and became Queen of Denmark, being the...

Her paternal grandfather, Emperor Alexander II of Russia was delighted by the birth of his new granddaughter, Xenia. This was displayed in the wording of his manifesto announcing her birth, "On 25th day of the present month of March our well-beloved daughter-in-law H.I.H. the Czarevna ... wife of H.I.H. the Czarevitch ... brought into this world a daughter ... who has received the name of Xenia, ... We welcome this increase in our Imperial Family as a new grace of Providence ... " ^[2] The baby Xenia was christened on her grandfather's birthday on April 17, 1875 in the chapel of the Winter Palace in the heart of St.Petersburg. The little Grand Duchess wore a christening gown made by her mother from cotton and lace. It had a detachable bib embroidered with the Romanov double headed eagle and an imperial crown. ^[3] Xenia's godparents were her paternal grandmother, Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, her maternal grandfather, King Christian IX of Denmark, her father's brother, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and her mother's younger sister, Princess Thyra of Denmark (later Duchess of Cumberland). ^[4] Xenia's Aunt, Alexandra, Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra) wrote to the baby's mother, her sister, "... thank God that it is all over and you got through it well and that you have a little girl!!! .... did you suffer much? My poor little Minny - or did you have a little chloroform this time? You did promise me that you would .... Xenia or something like that the little child is called, yes that is a beautiful name, who thought of it?" ^[5] Xenia's Aunt Alexandra would continue to take a special interest in her niece as she was born on the same date as Alexandra's son, Prince Alexander John of Wales, who had died within twenty-four hours. ^[6] Evidence of this love can be found on the continued little presents she sent her niece from England. ^[7] Alexandra called her niece, ""Xenie". ^[8] A number of historical people were named Alexander II: Alexander II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 370 to 368 B.C. Alexander II of Epirus was the King of Epirus in 272 B.C. Pope Alexander II was Pope from 1061 to 1073. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Located between the Palace Embankment and the Palace Square, the Winter Palace (Russian: Зимний Дворец) in Saint Petersburg, Russia was built between 1754 and 1762 as the winter residence of the Russian tsars. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Marie of Hesse Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine (8 August 1824-8 June 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... This article is about the daughter of Christian IX of Denmark. ... Alexandra of Denmark (December 1, 1844 – November 20, 1925) was queen consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom 1901–1910. ...

Xenia had three elder siblings: Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Alexander of Russia (who died in infancy) and Grand Duke George of Russia. She had also two younger siblings: Grand Duke Michael of Russia (briefly Emperor Michael II of Russia) and Grand Duchess Olga of Russia. Xenia and her siblings were raised simply, mostly at Gatchina Palace. As a child, Xenia was a tomboy and was very shy. Nicholas II of Russia (Nikolay Alexandrovich Romanov) (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July [O.S. 4 July] 1918) (Russian: , Nikolay II) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland,[1] and Grand Duke of Finland. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Grand Duke George Alexandrovitch as a young man in the early 1890s // Grand Duke George Alexandrovich Romanov, (In Russian Великий Князь Георгий Александрович Романов),((May 6, 1871 in Tsarskoe Selo - August 9, 1899 in Abbas Tuman, Caucasus) was the third son of Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. ... Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovitch of Russia (1878-1918) Grand Duke Michael of Russia, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Romanov (Russian: Михаи́л Александрович Рома́нов) (St. ... The flag of the House of Romanov Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: ; Olga Alexandrovna Romanova) (June 13, 1882–November 24, 1960) was the last Grand Duchess of Imperial Russia under the reign of her elder brother, Czar Nicholas II. Her father was the reformer of 19th century Russia... Gatchina is the city of 84900 inhabitants in the Leningrad oblast of the Russian Federation, 45 km south of St Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov. ...

In February 1880, nihilists were able to gain access to the Winter Palace and planted a bomb in the family dining room. The bomb went off and caused considerable damage. Fortunately the family were saved as they were delayed for dinner. Xenia's father moved her and her siblings away from immediate danger to the Yelagin Palace. ^[9] Xenia's mother wrote to her mother in Denmark, "The poor children ... are happy to be out of the city and enjoy this dearest place immensely." ^[10] Tragically, on March 13, 1881, when she was 6, Xenia witnessed the death of her grandfather Alexander II who was murdered by a revolutionary in a bomb explosion. Her father then ascended the throne and became Tsar as Alexander III. The new tsar wasted no time in moving his family away from the dangerous city of St.Petersburg to the safety of the countryside, easily secured, Gatchina Palace. ^[11] Gatchina is a vast Palace with towers, battlements and high walls lying 30 miles to the south west of St.Petersburg. Prior to becoming the home of Alexander III and his family, it had been belonged to Tsar Paul I. ^[12] Alexander and his family chose to live in one wing of the vast palace, occupying the mezzanine floor. Sadly their rooms were destroyed during the Nazi German invasion of Russia during the second world war. Xenia's bedroom was like that of her brothers. It was simply furnished and she slept on a hard camp bed. She did have some comforts with a dressing-table with a frilly valance and some comfortable chairs. ^[13] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Nihilism, literally, means belief in nothing. ... Yelagin Palace in St. ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The thrones for The Queen of Canada, and the Duke of Edinburgh in the Canadian Senate, Ottawa is usually occupied by the Governor General and her spouse at the annual State Opening of Parliament. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... Alexander III may refer to any of the following; Pope Alexander III pope from 1159 to 1181 Alexander III of Russia (1845-1894), emperor of Russia Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1286), king of Scotland Alexander III of Macedon, also known as Alexander the Great Categories: | ... Paul I was the name of a number of rulers: Paul I of Constantinople Paul of Greece Paul I of Russia Pope Paul I Paul I, patriarch of Antioch Category: ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

Education and Childhood

Xenia, like her brothers, received a good education from private tutors. A special emphasis was laid on the study of foreign languages. ^[14] Apart from her native Russian, Xenia learnt English, French and German. Surprisingly, Xenia never knew any of her mother's native language, Danish. ^[15] Her parents were firm believers in using spare time constructively. Xenia had fun as a child learning cookery, joinery and how to make puppets for their theatre, including the clothes. She also liked playing games with her brothers as well as riding and fishing in the nearby river on the Gatchina estate and elsewhere. Xenia wrote, "Mama and I went to the Admiralty where we were feeding the ducks and then, taking a sailor and fishing rods with us, started in the Moya to the large bridge near the Menagerie, where we went ashore and began angling. It was very exciting!" ^[16]Apart from this she enjoyed drawing, gymnastics, dancing and playing the piano. ^[17] Religion was also very important. Xenia undertook her first communion in 1883. Her mother wrote of the occasion, "She was very serious the whole Friday ... and one could see her thinking properly over it." ^[18] Later the same year, Xenia attended her parents coronation in the Kremlin in Moscow. Her mother asked her daughter about the experience after the event, "she really didn't know - that she didn't speak but looked at everything and bowed to all the people exactly as she did." ^[19] Later that year, Xenia accompanied her parents to Copenhagen for the consecration of the new Russian Orthodox Church in Bredgade. ^[20] Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Moscow Kremlin in the 19th century. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ...

Xenia, like the rest of her family, thoroughly enjoyed family holidays "out of prison" in Russia to the land of her mother, Denmark. ^[21] The family reunions at the home of her Danish maternal grandparents, Fredensborg Castle, were enjoyable and noisy affairs. Often she would join her young cousins on rollerskates in the large Cupola Hall. ^[22] It was on such a visit that she met her cousin and lifelong friend, Princess Marie of Greece, daughter of King George I of Greece and his Russian born wife, Queen Olga. Xenia's father loved Fredensborg so much that he bought a modest house just outside the castle gates in 1885. Xenia was well-known in Denmark. The Danish composer, Valdemar Vater paid tribute to her by writing the 'Xenia Polka Mazurka'. ^[23] Apart from family visits to Denmark, Xenia's family loved to escape on their yacht into the Finnish Archipeligo. In 1889, the Finnish government presented the Tsar with a lodge called Langinkoski. Here they fished for salmon in the River Kymi while their mother cooked salmon soup in the kitchen. ^[24] The home of the Danish Royal Family, which is currently headed by Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II. Categories: Articles to be expanded | Denmark-related stubs ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Langinkoski is a rapid on the Kymi river in Kotka, Finland. ...

In 1884, Grand Duke Ludwig IV of Hesse arrived at Peterhof Palace with his family for the wedding of his second daughter Ella to the brother of Xenia's father, Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovich of Russia. This was the first occasion that Xenia had of meeting her future sister-in-law, then aged twelve, Alexandra Feodorovna, known in the family as 'Alix'. ^[25] They played together happily. Her new Aunt Ella became especially fond of Xenia and her brother, Nicholas. ^[26]. In 1888, Xenia and Alix started writing to one another; Xenia was 'chicken' and Alix was 'the old hen'. ^[27] Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Ella may refer to: // An abbreviation of the name Elizabeth, commonly used in Australia means goddess in Hebrew form of Helen, meaning light A Teutonic name meaning beautiful fairy maiden, beauty given by the fairies as a birth gift. ... Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (Сергей Александрович) (April 29, 1857 - February 4, 1905, Old Style) was the seventh child and fifth son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first Empress consort Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. ... There have been two Russian empresses who have taken the name Alexandra Feodorovna upon their conversion to Orthodoxy: Princess Charlotte of Prussia, consort to Nicholas I Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, consort to Nicholas II This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Ever present terrorist threats

Xenia and her family lived with the constant fear of death at the hands of terrorists. In 1887 as the family were about to take the train back to Gatchina from St.Petersburg, her father was informed that several students had been detained carrying books containing bombs they had intended on throwing at the imperial family. One of the five terrorists hanged as a result was Alexander Illyich Ulyanov, brother of Vladimir, more commonly known as Lenin. ^[28] In October 1888, the family were travelling from the Caucasas when suddenly the train derailed. Xenia was the first to appear from the wreckage. Her father had managed to keep the roof of their carriage high enough for all of them to crawl out. Although the official report stated that the blame for the accident lay with technical factors, it was never ruled out that a bomb had not been smuggled onboard the train. ^[29] 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Marriage, Honeymoon and death of Alexander III

Xenia and her first cousin once removed, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, played together in the 1880s. They began as friends. ^[30] As a teenager, Xenia fell in love with her 9-years-older distant cousin. Alexander was also a friend of her brother Nicholas. In 1886, twenty year old Alexander was serving in the navy. Eleven year old Xenia sent him a card when his ship was in Brazil, "Best wishes and speedy return! Your sailor Xenia". ^[31] In 1889, Alexander wrote of Xenia, "She is fourteen. I think she likes me." ^[32] Xenia and Alexander wanted to marry since Xenia was 15. It was an attraction that her parents were not inclined to trust because Xenia was too young and they were unsure of Alexander's character. ^[33] Finally, on January, 1894, Xenia’s parents accepted the engagement after Alexander's father, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaievich of Russia intervened. ^[34] The Tsarina Maria Feodorovna had complained of Alexander's arrogance and rudeness. ^[35] The couple finally wedded on August 6, 1894 at Peterhof Palace. Her cousin Maud, later Queen Maud of Norway commented on the occasion, "Dear little Xenia looked sweet as a bride, it was a dreadful day for her, fancy she had to have a crown & tiara put on before us all ... the heat was too awful in Church as they have heaps of candles & heaps of people & very little room, you can imagine how pleasant it was - the service lasted nearly two hours." ^[36] Xenia's younger sister, Olga, wrote about the joy of her the wedding, "The Emperor was so happy. It was the last time I ever saw him like that." ^[37] They spent their wedding night at Ropsha Palace, and their honeymoon at Ai-Todor (Alexander’s estate in Crimea). During the honeymoon, Xenia’s father Alexander III became ill and died on November 1, 1894. Xenia wrote of the sad loss of her father, "Oh! I cannot believe it yet, it seems impossible that our beloved Angel is gone, and has left his poor, miserable, heart-broken, family to weep and mourn him! But he is happy now; God did not want him to suffer any longer ..." ^[38] Her eldest brother on the death of her father had inherited the crown and became the new Tsar Nicholas II. Alexander Mihailovich of Russia (13 April 1866 - 26 February 1933) was Grand Duke and bother-in-law of Emperor Nicholas II, influential in the soon-to-be-doomed Russian monarchy. ... Year 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Fiance and Fiancee redirect here. ... Maria Fedorovna was the name taken by two distinct Russian empresses of originally German ethnicity: Maria Fedorovna of Wurttemberg, wife of Emperor Paul I of Russia Maria Fedorovna of Glucksburg (or, later known as of Denmark. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Peterhof: the Samson Fountain and Sea Channel Peterhof (Russian: , Petergof, originally Piterhof, Dutch for Peters Court) is a series of palaces and gardens, laid out on the orders of Peter the Great, and sometimes called the Russian Versailles. It is located about twenty kilometers west and six kilometers south... Princess Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; later Queen Maud of Norway; 26 November 1869 – 20 November 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and later Queen consort of Norway, as the wife of King Haakon VII of Norway. ... Nuptial is the adjective of wedding. It is used for example in zoology to denote plumage, coloration, behavior, etc related to or occurring in the mating season. ... Ropsha (Russian: Ропша) is a townlet in the Leningrad Oblast, Russian Federation, situated about 20 km south of Peterhof and 49 km west of Saint Petersburg, at an elevation of 80 metres above sea level. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ... A honeymoon is the traditional trip taken by newlyweds to celebrate their marriage. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Crown names several entities associated with monarchy: A crown (headgear), the headgear worn by a monarch, other high dignitaries, divinities etcetera. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Her own family

Xenia and Alexander had seven children together, one daughter followed by six sons:

• Princess Irina of Russia, born July 15, 1895;
• Prince Andrew of Russia, born January 24, 1897;
• Prince Feodore of Russia, born December 23, 1898;
• Prince Nikita of Russia, born January 16, 1900;
• Prince Dmitry of Russia, born August 15, 1901;
• Prince Rostislav of Russia, born November 2, 1902;
• Prince Vasilly of Russia, born July 7, 1907.

The children were grandchildren of a tsar (Alexander III) through their mother (female-line), but only great-grandchildren of a tsar (Nicholas I) through their father (male-line). So they were not titled Grand Dukes or Grand Duchesses of Russia, but Princes and Princesses of Russia, and were not styled “Imperial Highness”, but just “Highness”. Princess Irina of Russia (1895-1970) Princess Irina of Russia (In Russian Княжна Ирина Александровна Романова) (July 3, 1895 - February 26, 1970) was the daughter of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. ... is the 196th day of the year (197th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (November 2, 1902 - July 31, 1978). ... is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (18 February Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. ... His/Her Imperial Highness (abbreviation HIH) is a title used by members of an Imperial family to denote Imperial - as opposed to royal - status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King (compare His/Her Royal Highness). ... Highness, often used with a personal possessive pronoun (His/Her/Your Highness, the first two abbreviated HH) is an attribute referring to the rank of the dynasty (such as Royal Highness, Imperial Highness) in an address. ...

One of Xenia's descendants would currently be the Head of the Imperial House of Russia, but all of her children are regarded to have married morganatically; therefore, none of them currently holds that position in an uncontested accordance with old succession laws of Russia. The House of Romanov (Рома́нов, pronounced ) was the second and last imperial dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country for five generations from 1613 to 1761. ... A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between persons of unequal social rank (unebenbürtig in German), which prevents the passage of the husbands titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage. ...

In 1913, Xenia and Sandro's daughter Irina expressed her intention of marrying Prince Felix Youssoupov. He was heir to the largest private fortune in Russia. ^[39] Felix had decided that Irina would make the perfect wife. Xenia was not happy at the prospect of giving approval to such a marriage as Felix had a notorious reputation. It was rumoured he had had an affair with Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia. ^[40] The Dowager Empress had heard of the rumours and summoned Felix to meet with her. Felix used all his charms on her. The Dowager Empress had been won over. She stated, "Do not worry, I will do all that I can for your happiness." ^[41] Xenia's only daughter was married on February 9, 1914 in the presence of the Tsar who gave her away. Xiena walked behind with Sandra and her mother. ^[42] Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, of the Imperial House of Romanov (Дмитрий Павлович Романов) (September 18, 1891 – March 5, 1941) was a Russian imperial dynast, one of the few Romanovs to escape execution by the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution. ... is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Faltering marriage

Sadly the romantic attraction between Xenia and her husband Alexander did not last. ^[43] During Xenia’s last pregnancy in 1907, Alexander had an affair with a woman identified only as 'Maria Ivanovna' in Biarritz. ^[44] One year after, Xenia also began to have an affair, with an Englishman named 'Fane'. ^[45] Xenia referred to him as simply “F.” in her diaries. They corresponded with one another as late as the first world war. ^[46] After Xenia and Alexander admitted the affairs to each other, their marriage began to fall apart. Though still in love with each other, they began sleeping in separate rooms and went their different ways. Their sister-in-law, the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia commented on Xenia, "Poor little Xenia, with such boys and her daughter married into that wicked family - and with such a false husband." ^[47] Prior to the revolution, Alexander had become disenchanted with the course of events in Russia and the court life. ^[48] Both he and Xenia spent considerable periods of time outside of Russia. ^[49] Both returned before the start of the first world war. Following the Revolution, they separated and managed to escape Russia. A pregnant woman near the end of her term Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring in an embryonal or fetal stage of development by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies, between the stages of conception and birth. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Biarritz (French: Biarritz, pronounced ; Gascon Occitan: Biàrritz; Basque: Miarritze) is a town and commune which lies on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast, in southwestern France. ... ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Relationship with her brother Nicholas and his wife Alexandra

As can be seen earlier, Xenia had a close relationship with both her brother and his wife before they married. When Nicholas and Alexandra moved into the Winter Palace after their own marriage, Xenia and Alexander (known in the family as 'Sandro') spent the evenings together in the new billiard room. ^[50] Alexandra was isolated within the Romanov family and apart from her two sisters-in-law, Xenia and Olga, only Queen Olga of Greece tried to understand her.^[51] A source of gradual resentment grew up between Xenia and Alexandra due to the fact that Xenia apart from her one daughter, Irina, gave birth to healthy sons. Alexandra by contrast had four daughters in quick succession and no male heir. Alexandra wrote, "Poor little Xenia, with such boys and her daughter ... ." ^[52] In 1902, the whole Russian Empire was desperately awaiting the birth of an heir. Xenia wrote of what happened, "a minor miscarriage - if it could be called a miscarriage at all! That is to say a tiny ovule came out!" ^[53] Alexandra had believed she was pregnant due to the malign influence of a French charlatan, Philippe Nizier-Vachot. Vachot had convinced the impressionable and desperate Tsarina that she was carrying a son. ^[54] Xenia was concerned and told her mother's lady-in-waiting, ".. no nearer finding out anything about the origins of the mysterious, if not bogus, Philippe." ^[55] Finally in late July 1904, Alix gave birth to a son, Alexis Nikolaievitch. Joy soon turned to uneasiness as in September the new Tsarevitch haemorrhaged from the navel. A few months later it was confirmed that he had haemophilia. Alix's sick son and Xenia's healthy boys were a constant source of antagonism in the mind of Alexandra. ^[56] Xenia never knew the truth about Alexis for years. She was locked out. ^[57] Sadly the birth of Alexis had lead to Alexandra obtaining total control over her husband. ^[58] The arrival of Rasputin also caused tensions. Like all her family, Xiena was highly sceptical of "that sinister Grigory". ^[59] By 1911, much to Xenia's dismay, Alexandra was now asking Rasputin to evaluate potential ministers. ^[60] Over dinner with her mother, Rasputin was the only topic of conversation. ^[61] The Dowager Empress had gone to see her son about Rasputin. Ella had also written about her concerns to him. She wrote despairingly to Xiena, " ... now does not one feel a devilish atmosphere of spite and filth and intrigue which like a black wave is now being over all washed by different passions the false prophet 'a wolf in sheep's skin' has awakened. May God help and hear our prayers ... Now they are bitter and unjust and poor things that nasty little circle of flatterers who stick to them and keep up their unbelief in all who are true to them, is working hard to 'break our necks' ... " ^[62] It was only in 1912 that Xenia learnt from her sister Olga that Alix had admitted that Alexis had haemophilia. ^[63] Relations were sadly strained. Xenia did remain close to her brother. He often visited her regularly when he was in the Crimea, walking over with her nieces Olga and Tatiana. Her sister-in-law visited rarely. ^[64] 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Grigori Rasputin Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (Russian: ) (22 January [O.S. 10 January] 1869 – 29 December [O.S. 16 December] 1916) was a Russian mystic with an influence in the later days of Russias Romanov dynasty. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Relationship between Xenia and her brothers George and Michael

Apart from Nicholas, Xenia was devoted to her other two brothers, Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia and Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich. Both were destined to die before her tragically. George died from tuberculosis in 1889 and Michael was brutally shot to death outside of Perm with his secretary and companion, Johnson, in 1918. George's death, although expected, was traumatic as it now meant that her younger brother Michael was heir. With no male heir from Nicholas and Alexandra, if both Nicholas and Michael died, the throne would pass to Xenia's Uncle, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovitch of Russia as no women were allowed to inheirit the throne unless all male dynasts had died out. This meant that none of Nicholas II's daughters could inheirit and neither could any of Xenia's sons. Xenia had hoped that Michael would marry and shared his sadness when a proposed marriage between him and Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg was forbidden by the Church. ^[65] The birth of a son to Nicholas and Alexandra brought relief to both Xenia and Michael. ^[66] Not being able to marry the Princess he wished, and now no longer being Tsarevitch, Michael wanted to have a happy relationship himself. This lead to his estrangement from his family when he married without the permission of the Tsar, Natasha Brassova. The couple were exiled as punishment. Xenia was not responsible and wanted to let bygones be bygones. ^[67] Her own marital problems had made her more understanding. She received both Michael and Natasha in 1913 in Cannes in France. Xenia tried to talk to her brother Nicholas about Michael and was told that he could return to Russia at any time but that Natasha could not. ^[68] Xenia had calmed the waters with her mother and finally in July of the same year, Michael and his mother were reunited. The Dowager Empress even received Natasha ^[69] Grand Duke George Alexandrovitch as a young man in the early 1890s // Grand Duke George Alexandrovich Romanov, (In Russian Великий Князь Георгий Александрович Романов),((May 6, 1871 in Tsarskoe Selo - August 9, 1899 in Abbas Tuman, Caucasus) was the third son of Alexander III and Empress Marie of Russia. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Velikiy Knjaz Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, in Russian Владимир Александрович / Влади́мирович (22 April 1847 - 17 February 1909). ...

Xenia's thoughts on war in 1904 and revolution in 1905

Like other members of her family, Xenia had been thankful to her father for keeping Russia out of wars. On January 25, 1904, Xenia recorded in her diary, "War has been declared! May the Lord help us!!" ^[70] Russia was now at war with Japan. The prevoius December, Xenia had mentioned to the War Minister, Kuropatkin that there would be no war and that her brother did not want war. ^[71] She stated, "... that there was no need to fight Japan and that Russia did not need Korea". ^[72] The War Minister sadly confessed the whole matter that Russia might not be able to control the situation. ^[73] As a result of difficulties in the conduct of the war, unrest broke out in Russia. On a cold Sunday in January 1905, over 200,000 peaceful people approached the Winter Palace under the leadership of Father Gapon. The St.Petersburg Police had asked for help in dealing with the situation from the army. The people wanted to present the Tsar with a petition. Instead the army fired into the crowd with 2,000 killed or wounded. The day would be known as Bloody Sunday and mark a turning point in the relationship between Tsar and people. ^[74] In February, Xenia's Uncle Grand Duke Serge Alexandrovitch of Russia was blown up by a bomb in Moscow. She had wanted to rush to Ella's side was but told the situation was too dangerous. ^[75] Hearing of the military defeat in Korea she wrote, "How terrible, what a nightmare! ... Why, why are we being punished by God?! I am walking as if in a dream, unable to understand anything!" ^[76] Xenia had been angry about the start of the war and recorded her thoughts on the end, "and ended even more stupidly!" ^[77] With her husband and children, Xenia was in the Crimea at their home at Ai-Todor. News reached them of the mutiny of the Black Sea fleet. She was terrified. Ten thousand soldiers arrived to protect her. The situation calmed closer to her. In October, her brother was forced to agree to the establishment of a Duma as a concession to the people. Some of Xenia's family saw it as "the end of Russian autocracy". ^[78] Her husband Sandro had resigned his position at the Ministry of Merchant Marine. Xenia and her family spent Christmas at Ai-Todor as it was not safe to travel north, or from their estate. Christmas service was even held in the house with the priest being driven there and back "in a closed landau under an escort of cavalry posse". ^[79] is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... General Aleksei N. Kuropatkin Alexei Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (Aleksei Nikolaevich Kuropatkin) (1848-1925) was the Russian Imperial Minister of War (1898-1904) who is often held responsible for major Russian drawbacks in the Russian-Japanese War, notably the Battle of Mukden and the Battle of Liaoyang. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Father Gapon Georgi Apollonovich Gapon (Russian: ; 1870 – April 10, 1906) was a Russian Orthodox priest and a popular working class leader before the Russian Revolution of 1905. ... Bloody Sunday refers to several historical events (listed in chronological order): Bloody Sunday (1887), a demonstration in London against coercion in Ireland Bloody Sunday (1900), a day of high casualties in the Second Boer War Bloody Sunday (1905), a massacre in Saint Petersburg A violent event during the 1913 Dublin... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with State Duma. ...

Charitable Works

Xenia was heavily involved in charitable works. She was a member of the Women's Patriotic Association. From 1903 Xenia was patron of the Creche Society which looked after poor working class children while their families were at work in St.Petersburg. She took a particular interest in hospitals for patients suffering from tuberculosis in the Crimea. This could be due to the death of her dear brother from the disease in 1899. She was also patron of the Maritime Naval Welfare Association which took care of widows and children of naval personnel. Xenia also founded the Xenia Association for the Welfare of Children of Workers and Airmen. In addition she was patron of the Xenia Institute, a boarding school for 350 students. ^[80] 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

World War One and the collapse of Tsardom

The outbreak of war caught Xenia and her mother unaware. Xenia was in France while the Dowager Empress was in London. ^[81] They arranged to meet in Calais where the private train of the Dowager Empress was waiting to take them to Russia. They had been confident the Kaiser would let them through. Arriving in Berlin they found the line to Russia had been closed. Hearing that the Youssoupovs were also in Berlin the Dowager Empress ordered that they join the train. An ugly situation occurred in Berlin and finally the train was allowed to travel to Denmark. ^[82] Xenia and her mother travelled home via Finland. Arriving back in Russia, Xenia, Sandro and her mother lived in the Yelagin Palace. Michael had been permitted to return also and was reunited with his family on August 11. ^[83] Xenia and her mother knew Russia was in no state for fight a modern war. Xenia threw herself into war work. She provided her own hospital train and opened a large hospital for the wounded. She also chaired the Xenia Institute which provided artificial limbs for the maimed. In 1915, Xenia and the Dowager Empress were horrified to learn that Nicholas intended to take command of the armed forces. She accompanied her mother to Tsarskoe Selo in an attempt to dissuade him. As the Dowager Empress recorded in her diary, "to try my luck,". ^[84] To their frustration the conversation had no effect. ^[85] Xenia returned disheartened to the Yelagin Palace. In February 1916, Xenia travelled to Kiev after an illness to see her mother and sister. Olga finally had her shell of a first marriage dissolved by the Tsar and was married in November 1916 in the presence of the Dowager Empress in Kiev to Nikolai Kulikovsky. ^[86] Xenia was not present but heard about the wedding from her mother. On October 28, 1916, increasingly depressed by Russia's predicament, Xenia wrote to her the Dowager Empress, "What would have happened if dear Papa were still alive? ... Would there have been a war - disorder, intellectual ferment, dissents - in a word, everything that is happening, or not - I think not - at least much of it would not be taking place, and that we can say with certainty." ^[87] Xenia , her mother, and her sister Olga urged Grand Duke Nicholas Michaelovich of Russia to write to the Tsar warning him about the influence of the Tsarina in government affairs. Nicholas did not even open the envelope. She read it and accused the Grand Duke of "crawling behind your mother and sisters". ^[88] Realising the danger, Xenia and her family moved to Ai-Todor in the Crimea. From there they heard little news. Xenia heard of Rasputin's murder and was embarrassed by the episode. ^[89] She wrote to her mother in Kiev, "Sleep little. There is rumour that Rasputin is murdered!" ^[90] Xenia's son-in-law had been one of the murderers. At the beginning of 1917, Xenia hoped her mother could make her brother see sense about the collapsing situation in Russia. She wrote in despair, "If you could speak you must and shall be listened to. ... if things don't change it will be the end of everything. People seem to have put their last hope in you and if that fails - it may only be fatal." ^[91] Her mother felt she could not do anything and that she had no intention of returning to St.Petersburg from Kiev. ^[92] On February 19, 1917, Xenia was back in St.Petersburg at her Palace. On February 25, she wrote in her diary, "There are disturbances in the city, there was even shooting into the crowd, [they] say, but everything is quiet on the Nevsky. They are asking for bread and the factories are on strike." ^[93] On March 1, 1917 she wrote, "There is no end of the nightmare and there are such rumours going around .... There is talk that Nicky's train has been stopped ... he has been forced to abdicate!!". ^[94] She wrote later, "... Unfortunately Nicky could not understand the danger .. If Nicholas had reacted sooner and granted the concessions requested by the Duma he could have saved his throne. These hours made all the difference!" ^[95] The Dowager Empress wrote to her about her meeting with Nicholas in Mogiliev, "I still can't believe that this dreadful nightmare is real!" ^[96]. Later she also wrote, "I hear nothing from poor Nicky, for which I suffer horribly ..." ^[97] Xenia tried to see her brother but was refused permission by the Provisional government. Seeing no future where she was in St.Petersburg, Xenia left for Ai-Todor on March 25, her forty-second birthday. ^[98] is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... is the 56th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Exile from Russia

Xenia arrived at Ai-Todor where she joined her mother, husband and sister on March 28, 1917. At the end of November, Xenia wrote to her brother Nicholas in Tobolsk in Siberia, "The heart bleeds at the thought of what you have gone through, what you have lived and what you are still living! At every step undeserved horrors and humiliations. But fear not, the Lord sees all. As long as you are healthy and well. Sometimes it seems like a terrible nightmare, and that I will wake up and it will all be gone! Poor Russia! What will happen to her?" ^[99] In 1918, while in Crimea, Xenia learnt that her brother Nicholas II, his wife and his children had been murdered by the Bolsheviks. While the Red Army was coming closer toward Crimea, Xenia and her mother Dowager Empress Maria escaped from Russia on April 11, 1919 with the help of Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom (née Princess Alexandra of Denmark), Dowager Empress Maria’s sister. King George V of the United Kingdom sent the British warship HMS Marlborough which brought them and other Romanovs from the Crimea over the Black Sea to Malta and then to England. Xenia and her mother were later joined by Xenia’s sister Olga. Xenia remained in Great Britain, while Dowager Empress Maria, after a stay in England, went with Olga to Denmark. is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Princess Alexandra of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925), was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husbands reign. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... HMS Marlborough was an Iron Duke-class battleship of the Royal Navy, named in honour of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and launched in 1912. ... For other uses, see Black Sea (disambiguation). ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Monarch Queen Elizabeth II...

Death of an Empress

Xenia visited her mother in Denmark when she could. Her mother was living in the Hvidore Villa that she and her sister Alexandra had built on the Danish coast north of Copenhagen. In October 1928, Xenia's mother, the Dowager Empress, fell seriously ill. During this time both daughters were constantly at her bedside. On October 13 their mother breathed her last at her home in exile, Hvidore. The Danish newspaper, Nationaltidende wrote of the passing, "Denmark mourns her wise and courageous daughter". ^[100] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Later Years

On May 17, 1920, Xenia had been granted Letters of Administration as eldest sister and heir to her brother Nicholas's estate in England. The gross value of the estate was five hundred British pounds sterling. ^[101] Her husband Sandro was living at this time in Paris. By 1925, Xenia's financial situation had become desperate. Her first cousin, King George V allowed her to settle in Frogmore Cottage, a grace and favour house, in Windsor Great Park. ^[102] She wrote to the King, "Really Georgie, it is too good & kind of you. .... I would stand anything rather than being a burden to others .... words fail me to express all I feel ..." ^[103] Later she had to deal with the fraudulent claims of Anna Anderson to be her niece, the brutally murdered Grand Duchess Anastasia Nicholaievna of Russia. ^[104] Her sister Olga had pointed out if there had been any Romanov monies left then the Dowager Empress would not be receiving a pension from the British King. ^[105] In July, 1928, ten years after the death of Nicholas and Alexandra, his family were now presumed dead. Xenia and her family had hoped to take possession of the Langinoski estate in Finland. This however came to nothing. ^[106] After the death of her mother, the sale of the Hvidore estate and the jewels of the Dowager Empress brought in some income. No sooner had the Dowager Empress died, Xenia received a vile letter from Gleb Botkin, son of her late brother's doctor, claiming that she was trying to steal from her niece, Anastasia. ^[107] Her husband made no secrets of his feelings about Botkin in a letter to her, "Thank you for your letter, .... Also for the vileness of Botkin, what a character. I am ashamed for the Russian person. I will take advice from an American lawyer but in my opinion it is better not to do anything and wait for their attack." ^[108] On February 26, 1933, Xenia's husband Sandro died. ^[109] on March 1, Sandro was buried in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin in the south of France. Xenia and her sons were present. By 1934, Frogmore Cottage was too small for Xenia and her family. The King added a small wing to the original house. ^[110] By March 1937, Xenia had moved from Frogmore House in Windsor Great Park to Wilderness House in the grounds of Hampton Court Palace. Xenia continued to live there until she died on April 20, 1960. Despite reduced circumstances during her lifetime, Xenia left a small estate to her remaining relatives. is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Letters of Administration are granted by a court or probate registry to appoint appropriate people to deal with a deceased persons estate where property will pass under Intestacy Rules or where there are no executors living (and willing and able to act) having been validly appointed under the deceased... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... King George V King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Emperor of India His Majesty King George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert) (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the... Anastasia Manahan, usually known as Anna Anderson [1] (c. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Roquebrune-Cap-Martin is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département in southeastern France. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Standing in Frogmore Gardens, about a kilometre south of Windsor Castle in Windsor Home Park, the original house was built in 1680-1684 by Charles IIs architect Hugh May for his nephew Thomas May. ... Deer crossing the Long Walk to Windsor Castle Windsor Great Park (locally referred to simply as the Great Park) is a large deer park and Crown Estate of 5,000 acres, to the south of the town of Windsor on the border of Berkshire and Surrey in England. ... Hampton Court Palace with the Union Flag flying Hampton Court Palace is a former royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, south west London, England, United Kingdom. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

1. ^ Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, p.4
2. ^ ibid
3. ^ ibid
4. ^ ibid
5. ^ ibid, p.5
6. ^ ibid
7. ^ ibid, p.7
8. ^ ibid
9. ^ ibid, p.8
10. ^ ibid
11. ^ ibid, p.10
12. ^ ibid
13. ^ ibid, p.11
14. ^ ibid, pp.12-13
15. ^ ibid
16. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II by Coryne Hall, p.18
17. ^ ibid
18. ^ ibid, p.13
19. ^ ibid, p.14
20. ^ Empress Maria Feodorovna's Favourite Residences in Russia and in Denmark by Galina Korneva and Tatiana Cheboksarova, p.173
21. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II by Coryne Hall, p.15
22. ^ ibid, p.16
23. ^ ibid, p.17
24. ^ ibid, p.21
25. ^ ibid
26. ^ ibid
27. ^ ibid, p.25
28. ^ ibid, p.23
29. ^ ibid, p.24
30. ^ The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album by Charlotte Zeepvat, p.98
31. ^ ibid, p.27
32. ^ ibid, p.17
33. ^ ibid
34. ^ ibid
35. ^ ibid
36. ^ ibid, p.37
37. ^ Empress Maria Feodorovna's Favourite Residences in Russia and in Denmark, p.196
38. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, p.41
39. ^ ibid, p.81
40. ^ ibid
41. ^ ibid, p.82
42. ^ ibid, p.83
43. ^ ibid
44. ^ ibid
45. ^ ibid
46. ^ ibid
47. ^ Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II by Coryne Hall, p.xix
48. ^ The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album, p. 98
49. ^ ibid
50. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, p.45
51. ^ ibid, p.46
52. ^ ibid, p.xix
53. ^ ibid, p.53
54. ^ ibid
55. ^ ibid
56. ^ ibid, p.xix
57. ^ ibid, p.77
58. ^ ibid, p.57
59. ^ ibid, p.76
60. ^ ibid
61. ^ ibid
62. ^ ibid, p.77
63. ^ ibid
64. ^ ibid, pp.77-78
65. ^ ibid, p.55
66. ^ ibid, p.57
67. ^ ibid, p.79
68. ^ ibid
69. ^ ibid
70. ^ ibid, p.56
71. ^ ibid
72. ^ ibid
73. ^ ibid
74. ^ ibid, p.59
75. ^ ibid
76. ^ ibid, p.60
77. ^ ibid
78. ^ ibid, p.61
79. ^ ibid
80. ^ ibid, pp.73-74
81. ^ ibid, p.86
82. ^ ibid, p.87
83. ^ ibid, p.88
84. ^ ibid, p.91
85. ^ ibid
86. ^ ibid, p.93
87. ^ ibid, p.93
88. ^ ibid, p.94
89. ^ ibid, p.94
90. ^ ibid, p.95
91. ^ ibid, p.97
92. ^ ibid
93. ^ ibid, p.98
94. ^ ibid, p.100
95. ^ ibid p.101
96. ^ ibid, p.103
97. ^ ibid
98. ^ ibid, p.105
99. ^ ibid, p.124
100. ^ Empress Maria Feodorovna's Favourite Residences in Russia and in Denmark, p.244
101. ^ Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, p.159
102. ^ ibid, p.171
103. ^ ibid
104. ^ ibid, p.175
105. ^ ibid
106. ^ ibid, pp.178-179
107. ^ ibid, p.184
108. ^ ibid, p.185
109. ^ ibid
110. ^ ibid, p.202

Books

• Hall, Coryne (1999). Little Mother of Russia - A Biography of Empress Marie Feodorovna. London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0 85683 177 8. 
• Van Der Kiste, John; Coryne Hall (2002). Once A Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7509-2749-6. 
• Zeepvat, Charlotte (2004). The Camera and the Tsars: A Romanov Family Album. Phoenix Mill: Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7509-3049-7. 
• Korneva, Galina; Tatiana Cheboksarova (2006). Empress Maria Feodorovna's Favourite Residences in Russia and Denmark. St.Petersburg: Liki Rossii. ISBN 5-87417-232-7. 

Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Home of Grand Duchess Xenia