His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (Павел Александрович) (October 3, 1860 N.S.–January 24, 1919 N.S.) was the eighth child of Tsar Alexander II of Russia by his first wife Maria Alexandrovna of Hesse. He entered the Russian Army and rose to the rank of General, but was known as a gentle person, religious and accessible to people. Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevitch (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (born April 17, 1818 in Moscow; died March 13, 1881 in St. ... Marie of Hesse Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine (8 August 1824-8 June 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. ...

In 1889 he married HRH Princess Alexandra of Greece, who bore him two children: HIH Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia and HIH Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia. Alexandra died soon after Dmitri's birth. 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (Александра Георгиевна), née Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Greece and Denmark (August 30, 1870–September 24, 1891) was daughter of George I of Greece and Olga, Queen of Greece herself daughter of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich of Russia. ... Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia is the name and title used by three relatively prominent members of the Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. ... Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, of the Imperial House of Romanov (Дмитри Павлович Романов) (September 18, 1891 – March 5, 1941) was a Russian imperial dynast, one of the few Romanovs to escape execution by the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution. ...

In 1893, the young widower became close to a commoner, Olga Valerianovna Karnovich, and years later requested Nicholas II's permission to marry her, but it was refused, and the couple settled in Paris. In 1902 they were married in an Orthodox church in Livorno, Italy. The Bavarian government granted Olga the title of Countess of Hohenfelsen in 1904, but the marriage caused a scandal in the Russian Court. Paul was dismissed of his military commissions, all his properties were seized, and his brother Grand Duke Sergei was appointed guardian of Maria and Dmitri. 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Her Serenity Princess Olga Valerianovna Paley (Олга Валериановна Палей) (December 2, 1866–November 2, 1929), was the second wife of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 - 17 July 1918) (Russian: (Nikolai II)) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Livorno, sometimes in English Leghorn, (population 170,000) is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. ... The Free State of Bavaria  (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Sergei Alexandrovich Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov (April 29, 1857 - February 4, 1905, Old Style) was the seventh child and fifth son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first Empress-consort Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. ...

For many years, he lived in exile in France with Olga and the three children they had: Vladimir, who became a remarkable poet, and two girls, Irina and Natalia. Eventually he was pardoned and settled with his family in Tsarskoe Selo. In 1915 the Tsar granted Olga and their children the title of Prince and Princesses Paley with the style of Serenity, and their children also became His Serenity Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley and Their Serenities Princesses Irina Pavlovna and Natalia Pavlovna Paley. His Serenity Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley (Владимир Павлович Палей) (January 9, 1897–July 18, 1918) was a Russian poet. ... Her Serenity Princess Natalia Pavlovna Paley (Наталя Павловна Палей) (December 5, 1905 – December 27, 1981) was a member of the Russian nobility. ... Paley may refer to: William Paley Paley, a commune of the Seine-et-Marne département, in France Paley Li, a well-known New Zealand player of the MMO RPG World of Warcraft. ...

During World War I he was placed in command of the First Corps of the Imperial Guard and later was moved to a new appointment at the Tsar's headquarters. In 1917 he tried to convince the sovereigns to grant a Constitution, but his efforts failed. However, he was one of the few members of the Imperial Family who remained quite close to the Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna during the final days of the old régime. Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... The Imperial Guard (French:Garde impériale) was originally a small group of elite soldiers of the French Army under the direct command of Napoleon I, but grew considerably over time. ... Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (1872-1918) Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Victoria Alix Helene Luise Beatrice Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein) or Saint Alexandra, 6 June 1872 – 17 July 1918, under the title Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (Russian: Императрица Александра Фёдоровна), was Empress consort of Russia. ...

After the Bolsheviks seized power, he and his family faced a terrible ordeal. Their properties were confiscated, they lived under constant harassment, and in March 1918 his son Vladimir Paley was exiled to the Urals, where he was to be executed on July 18, 1918 in a mineshaft near Alapayevsk. Russian poet, born in Saint Petersburg on January 9, 1897. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

In August, 1918, he was arrested and taken to prison in Saint Petersburg. His health, already bad, declined sharply, and his wife did all she could to have him released. Her efforts were useless: on January 29, 1919, Paul was moved to St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress, and in the first hours of the following day he was shot there, along with his cousins Grand Dukes Dimitry Konstantinovich, Nikolay Mikhailovich and Georgy Mikhailovich. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Peter and Paul Fortress (Петропавловская крепость) is in St. ... Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich Romanov (1860-1919), was the son of Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov, and a grandchild of Nicholas I of Russia and a brother to Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Grand Duke Yurij Mikhailovich of Russia. ...

They were buried in a mass grave in the Fortress, the Bolsheviks having refused the distraught Princess Paley the right to bury her husband. His body has never been found.