In neuroscience, granule cells are tiny cells found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. These cells account for nearly half of the neurons in the central nervous system. Granule cells receive excitatory input from mossy fibers originating from pontine nuclei. Granule cells send parallel fibers up through the Purkinje layer into the molecular layer where they branch out and spread through Purkinje cell dendritic arbors. These parallel fibers form thousands of excitatory synapses with Purkinje cells. Neuroscience is a field of study which deals with the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. ... Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green) The cell is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms, sometimes called the building blocks of life. ... Cerebellum (in blue) of the human brain For assistance with anatomical location terms, see Anatomical terms of location The cerebellum (literally little brain) is a brain region important for the integration of sensory perception with motor output. ... Cerebellum (in blue) of the human brain For assistance with anatomical location terms, see Anatomical terms of location The cerebellum (literally little brain) is a brain region important for the integration of sensory perception with motor output. ... Neurons (also spelled neurones or called nerve cells) are the primary cells of the nervous system. ... The vertebrate central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. ... Mossy fibers or mossy cells provide stimulation to inhibitory GABA interneurons in the hippocampus. ... The pons is a knob on the brain stem. ... In neuroanatomy, a nucleus is a central nervous system structure that is composed mainly of gray matter, and which acts as a hub or transit point for electrical signals in a single neural subsystem. ... Parallel fibers arise from granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. ... Cerebellum (in blue) of the human brain For assistance with anatomical location terms, see Anatomical terms of location The cerebellum (literally little brain) is a brain region important for the integration of sensory perception with motor output. ... Cerebellum (in blue) of the human brain For assistance with anatomical location terms, see Anatomical terms of location The cerebellum (literally little brain) is a brain region important for the integration of sensory perception with motor output. ... Drawing of pigeon Purkinje cells (A) by Santiago Ramon y Cajal Purkinje cells are a class of GABAergic neuron located in the cerebellar cortex. ... In biology, a dendrite is a slender, typically branched projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, which conducts the electrical stimulation received from other cells to the body or soma of the cell from which it projects. ... Synapses allow nerve cells to communicate with one another through axons and dendrites, converting electrical signals into chemical ones. ...