NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Graphing calculator

A graphing calculator (also known as a graphic calculator or graphical calculator) typically refers to a class of handheld calculators that are capable of plotting graphs, solving simultaneous equations, and performing numerous other tasks with variables. Most popular graphing calculators are also programmable, allowing the user to create customized programs, typically for scientific/engineering and education applications. Due to their large displays intended for graphing, they can also accommodate several lines of text and calculations at a time. Some graphing calculators also have colour displays, and others may even include 3D graphing. NuCalc, also known as Graphing Calculator, is the name of a computer software tool, made by the company Pacific Tech, capable of performing many graphing calculator functions. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (821x1660, 200 KB) HP 49g plus graphing calculator File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Graphing calculator Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (821x1660, 200 KB) HP 49g plus graphing calculator File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Graphing calculator Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ... HP 49G graphing calculator The HP 49G series are Hewlett-Packard (HP) manufactured graphing calculators. ... For other uses, see Calculator (disambiguation). ... In Mathematics simultaneous equations are a set of equations containing multiple variables. ... Programmable calculators are calculators capable of being programmed much like a computer. ...

Since graphing calculators are readily user-programmable, such calculator type machinacles are also widely used for gaming purposes, with a sizable body of user-created game software on most popular platforms. Calculator gaming is the phenomenon of programming and playing games on programmable calculators, especially graphing calculators. ...

There is also computer software available to emulate or perform the functions of a graphing calculator. One such example is Grapher for Mac OS X and is a basic software graphic calculator. Software redirects here. ... Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ...

History

Casio produced the world's first graphic calculator, the fx-7000G in 1985. After Casio, Hewlett Packard followed shortly in the form of the HP-28C. This was followed by the HP-28S (1988), HP-48SX (1990), HP-48S (1991), and many other models. The current top-of-the line model, the HP 50g (2006), features a Computer Algebra System (CAS) capable of manipulating symbolic expressions and analytic solving. The HP-28 and -48 range were primarily meant for the professional science/engineering markets; the HP-38/39/40 were sold in the high school/college educational market; while the HP-49 series cater to both educational and professional customers of all levels. The HP series of graphing calculators is best known for their Reverse Polish Notation interface, although the HP-49 introduced a standard expression entry interface as well. Casio Computer Co. ... The Casio fx-7000G was the first modern graphing calculator. ... This article is about the year. ... HP redirects here. ... The HP-28s were two graphing calculators produced by Hewlett-Packard from 1987 to 1992. ... The HP-48 is a series of graphing calculators produced by Hewlett-Packard (HP) from 1990 until 2003, using Reverse Polish notation (RPN). ... 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The HP-49G series are Hewlett-Packard (HP)-manufactured graphing calculators. ... A computer algebra system (CAS) is a software program that facilitates symbolic mathematics. ... The HP-49G series are Hewlett-Packard (HP)-manufactured graphing calculators. ... Postfix notation is a mathematical notation wherein every operator follows all of its operands. ...

Texas Instruments has produced models of graphing calculators since 1990, the oldest of which was the TI-81. Some of the newer calculators are just like it, only with larger amounts of memory, such as the TI-82, TI-83 series, (including the TI-83, TI-83 Plus, and TI-83 Plus Silver Edition), and the TI-84 Plus series (including the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition). Other models, designed to be appropriate for students 10–14 years of age, are the TI-80 and TI-73 series. Other TI graphing calculators have been designed to be appropriate for calculus, namely the TI-85, TI-86, TI-89 series, and TI-92 series, (including the TI-92, TI-92 Plus, and Voyage 200). TI offers a computer algebra system on the TI-89 and TI-92 series models with the TI-92 series having a QWERTY keypad. TI calculators are targeted specifically to the educational market, but are also widely available to the general public. Texas Instruments (NYSE: TXN), better known in the electronics industry (and popularly) as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA, renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor and computer technology. ... This article is about the year. ... TI-81 graphing calculator. ... Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory. ... A TI-82 graphing calculator, as purchased in France in 1994. ... The TI-83 (original design) The TI-83 series of graphing calculators is manufactured by Texas Instruments. ... TI-84 Plus Silver Edition The TI-84 Plus is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments that came out in the spring of 2004. ... The TI-80 TI-80 is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments. ... TI-73 series are graphing calculators made by Texas Instruments. ... For other uses, see Calculus (disambiguation). ... TI-85 graphing calculator The TI-85 is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments based around the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. ... TI-86 The TI-86 is a programmable graphing calculator introduced in 1997 and produced by Texas Instruments. ... A TI-89 The TI-89 and the TI-89 Titanium are graphing calculators developed by Texas Instruments. ... TI-92 II, a slightly upgraded version of the TI-92, with a doubled RAM The Texas Instruments TI-92 calculator, originally released in 1995, was a large calculator with a QWERTY keyboard. ... For the song by Linkin Park, see QWERTY (song). ...

Graphing calculators are also manufactured by Sharp but they do not have the online communities, user-websites and collections of programs like the other brands. Sharp Corporation ) (TYO: 6753 , LuxSE: SRP) is a Japanese electronics manufacturer, founded in 1912. ...

Graphing calculators in schools

Casio has focused its efforts on the educational sector, and as such the built-in programming language and mathematical features are not as advanced as some of the TI and HP models. Despite this, the TI calculators are more popular than Casio in schools in the United States.

Also, some high school courses offered in these countries require a graphing calculators to fulfill. For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ...

A computer algebra system (CAS) is a software program that facilitates symbolic mathematics. ... The rewrite of this article is being devised at Talk:3D computer graphics/Temp. ... Look up matriculation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In education, certification, counselling, and many other fields, a test or exam (short for examination) is a tool or technique intended to measure students expression of knowledge, skills and/or abilities. ... A computer network is a system for communication among two or more computers. ... For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ... The College Board is a not-for-profit examination board in the United States that was formed in the nineteenth century as the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB). ... For the song by Linkin Park, see QWERTY (song). ... Advanced Placement (AP) is the term used to describe high school classes that are taught at a college level. ... For other uses, see SAT (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into International Baccalaureate Organization. ... The Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE] is the credential given to students who have completed Year 11 and Year 12 of their secondary schooling, in the state of Victoria, Australia. ... This article is about the New South Wales Higher School Certificate. ... A TI-89 The TI-89 and the TI-89 Titanium are graphing calculators developed by Texas Instruments. ... TI-84 Plus Silver Edition The TI-84 Plus is a graphing calculator made by Texas Instruments that came out in the spring of 2004. ...

Non-mathematical uses of graphing calculators

The programming features of nearly every major graphing calculator on the market have been exploited to produce games of various sorts. Imitations of Tetris and Pacman are among the most popular. A variety of other non-technical applications have been written for graphing calculators as well. Among these include organizers, phonebooks and text editors. A software solution also exists for using the infrared port on the HP-48 series of calculators as a remote control for televisions, and those calculators with built-in speakers have been transformed into monophonic music sequencers. As a result of such programs, their use in schools has also received a great degree of criticism as it is extremely common to find that students have downloaded non-educational programs onto their calculators, presenting a potential distraction in the classroom. Tetris (Russian: ) is a falling-blocks puzzle video game, released on a large spectrum of platforms. ... Monitor Orientation: Vertical Type: Raster, standard resolution (224 x 288) 16 Colors Notes Developed during the Golden Age of Arcade Games. ...

Another major criticism of graphing calculators by school teachers is their ability to store large amounts of text in the same memory that is used to store programs. Such a feature presents a potential for students to cheat on examinations by storing notes and solutions on their calculators. While some enforce a rule by which students must perform a supervised memory clear of their calculator before an exam, this has become an increasingly difficult problem as the variety of available brands and models increases and false memory clear programs are released over the internet to deceive the proctor. In addition, many students use the calculator's memory to store useful programs, particularly those which improve the mathematical functionality of their calculators to be on par with other newer models, and requiring such students to clear their calculator memories would put them at a disadvantage. On the other hand, many courses have disallowed calculators on examinations altogether, and designing the assignment appropriately to purely test conceptual knowledge. Others argue that graphing calculators are too expensive. For example, if one compares a one hundred dollar graphing calculator (or any graphing calculator of arbitrary price) to a cell phone, GPS device, or PDA of equal price, one finds that the cell phone or other device outperforms the graphing calculator in terms of hardware (faster CPU and more memory). A new TI83+ typically costs $100 and has a 6 MHz processor. For $100 one can get a PDA with about 200 MHz and far more memory (and a colour screen). Opponents of this view argue that graphing calculators are more reliable because they last longer and that they also use less energy allowing them to use alkaline batteries which are far cheaper than the lithium ion - batteries that PDA and other devices typically use. The next generation of graphing calculators (ie: the TI-Nspire) may also help alleviate this criticism. The TI-Nspire product line is a series of calculators developed by Texas Instruments. ...

References

Dick, Thomas P. (1996). Much More than a Toy. Graphing Calculators in Secondary school Calculus. In P. Gómez and B. Waits (Eds.), Roles of Calculators in the Classroom pp 31-46). Una Empresa Docente.

Ellington, A. J. (2003). A meta-analysis of the effects of calculators on students' achievement and attitude levels in precollege mathematics classes. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 34(5), 433-463.

Heller, J. L., Curtis, D. A., Jaffe, R., & Verboncoeur, C. J. (2005). Impact of handheld graphing calculator use on student achievement in algebra 1: Heller Research Associates.

Khoju, M., Jaciw, A., & Miller, G. I. (2005). Effectiveness of graphing calculators in K-12 mathematics achievement: A systematic review. Palo Alto, CA: Empirical Education, Inc.

National Center for Education Statistics. (2001). The nation’s report card: Mathematics 2000. (No. NCES 2001-571). Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education.

See also

Calculator gaming is the phenomenon of programming and playing games on programmable calculators, especially graphing calculators. ... Screenshot of GraphCalc in Windows XP GraphCalc is an open source and GPLed computer program that runs in Microsoft Windows and Linux that emulates the functionality of a graphing calculator. ... This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel. ... Windows redirects here. ... User with Treo (PDA with smartphone functionality) Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are handheld computers, but have become much more versatile over the years. ... Programmable calculators are calculators capable of being programmed much like a computer. ...

External links

This List of computer size categories attempts to list commonly used categories of computer by size. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... Minisupercomputers constituted a class of computers that emerged in the mid-1980s. ... For other uses, see Mainframe. ... Minicomputer (colloquially, mini) is a largely obsolete term for a class of multi-user computers which make up the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user systems (traditionally, mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers). ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 2110 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Supercomputer Cray-2 ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (966x1280, 101 KB) Summary Sony Ericsson P910i with Opera web browser. ... Bold text Desktop computer with several common peripherals (Monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers, microphone and a printer) A desktop computer is a gay electronic machine computer which convert raw data into meaningful information, made for use on a desk in an office or home and is distinguished from portable computers such... The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best selling model of home computer of all time. ... This article is primarily about a certain class of Personal computers from the late 1970s to mid 1980s, see Domotics or Home servers for home computers used in home automation. ... A stylised illustration of a personal computer A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator. ... Sun SPARCstation 1+, 25 MHz RISC processor from early 1990s A workstation, such as a Unix workstation, RISC workstation or engineering workstation, is a high-end desktop or deskside microcomputer designed for technical applications. ... In information technology, a server is an application or device that performs services for connected clients as part of a client-server architecture. ... Mobile Computing is a generic term describing your ability to use technology untethered, that is not physically connected, or in remote or mobile (non static) environments. ... Mobile, full size computers - cart computers - allow high mobility for a full size computer. ... A Portable computer is a computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another (in other words, it is a computer that is portable). ... Desktop replacement computers are personal computers that are designed to provide the full capabilities of a desktop computer while remaining portable. ... An ultraportable IBM X31 with 12 screen on an IBM T43 Thin & Light laptop with a 14 screen A laptop computer, or simply laptop (also notebook computer, notebook and notepad) is a small mobile computer, typically weighing 3-12 pounds (around 1. ... Sony VAIO model C1 subnotebook A subnotebook is a small and lightweight portable computer, with most of the features of a standard notebook computer but smaller. ... HP Compaq tablet PC with rotating/removable keyboard A Tablet PC is a notebook or slate-shaped mobile computer, first introduced by Pen Computing in the early 90s with their PenGo Tablet Computer and popularized by Microsoft. ... Samsung Q1 Ultra UMPC The Ultra-Mobile PC (abbreviated UMPC), previously known by its codename Project Origami, is a specification for a small form factor tablet PC. It was developed as a joint development exercise by Microsoft, Intel, and Samsung, among others. ... An electronic organizer is a small calculator-sized computer, often with an in-built diary application but few other functions such as an address book and calendar. ... A pocket computer is a small calculator-sized computer programmable in BASIC. This specific category of computers existed primarily in the 1980s. ... A handheld game console is a lightweight, portable electronic machine for playing video games. ... A typical PDT A portable data terminal, or PDT, is an electronic device that is used to enter or retrieve data via wireless transmission (WLAN or WWAN). ... A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in police cars, taxicabs, courier vehicles, service trucks, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, fishing fleets, warehouse inventory control, and emergency vehicles to communicate with a central dispatch office. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... User with Treo (PDA with smartphone functionality) Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are handheld computers, but have become much more versatile over the years. ... An information appliance (IA) is any device that can process information, signals, graphics, animation, video and audio; and can exchange such information with another IA device. ... Sharp Mobilon PRO PV5000A, one of the many Handheld PCs produced. ... An O2 Pocket PC phone A Pocket PC, abbreviated P/PC or PPC, is a hardware specification for a handheld-sized computer (Personal digital assistant) that runs the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. ... A Sony Ericsson Smartphone (Model P910i) with touch screen and QWERTY keyboard Look up smartphone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... // Definition A PDA Phone is a combination of mobile phone (cellular phone) and personal digital assistant functionality in one device. ... For other uses, see Calculator (disambiguation). ... A router, an example of an embedded system. ... â€œWSNâ€ redirects here. ... Smartdust is a hypothetical network of tiny wireless microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors, robots, or devices, installed with wireless communications, that can detect anything from light and temperature, to vibrations, etc. ... Nanocomputer is the logical name for a computer smaller than the microcomputer, which is smaller than the minicomputer. ...

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